Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Molecular Characterization and Environmental Monitoring of Grass Pollen Allergens

  • Chapter
Pollen Biotechnology

Abstract

Grass pollen is the major factor in the outdoor environment triggering hay fever and asthma in spring and early summer. During the past thirty years, the incidence of these allergic diseases in the human population in many parts of the world has doubled (Wuthrich, 1989; Burney et al., 1993), suggesting among many possible explanations either that the amount of allergens in the atmosphere has increased or that environmental air pollution may be exacerbating symptoms. This chapter reviews the molecular biology of certain grass pollen allergens and incidence of these allergens in the air as estimated either by pollen counts or allergen load analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aas K. 1978. What makes an allergen an allergen. Allergy 33:3–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, M. K., M. C. Swanson, C. E. Reed, and J. W. Yunginger. 1984. Airborne ragweed allergens: Association with various particle sizes and short ragweed plant parts. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 74:687–693.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, M. K., J. W. Yunginger, M. C. Swanson, and C. E. Reed. 1981. Animmunochemical method to measure atmospheric allergens. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 68:194 – 200.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, H. R. 1989. Increase in hospital admission for childhood asthma: trends in referral, severity, and readmissions from 1970 to 1985 in a health region of the United Kingdom. Thorax 44:614–619.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari, A. A., T. K. Kihara, and D. G. Marsh. 1987. Immunochemical studies of Lolium perenne (rye grass) pollen allergens, Lol p 1, II and III. J. Immunol. 139:4034–4041.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari, A. A., P. Shenbagamurthi, and D. G. Marsh. 1989a. Complete amino acid sequence of a Lolium perenne (perennial rye-grass) pollen allergen, Lol p II. J. Biol. Chem. 264:11181–11185.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari, A. A., P. Shenbagamurthi, and D. G. Marsh. 1989b. Complete primary structure of a Lolium perenne (perennial rye-grass) pollen allergen, Lol p III: Comparison with known Lol p 1 and II sequences. Biochemistry 28:8665–8670.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Appel, J. R., C. Pinilla, H. Niman, and R. Houghten. 1990. Elucidation of discontinuous linear determinant in peptides. J. Immunol. 144:976–983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avjioglu, A. 1992. Molecular analysis of grass pollen allergens. Ph.D. diss. The University of Melbourne, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avjioglu, A., M. B. Singh, J. Kenrick, and R. B. Knox. 1993a. Monoclonal antibodies to recombinant allergenic peptide to Lol p IX and the identification of corresponding epitopes in different grasses. In Molecular Biology and Immunology of Allergens, eds. D. Kraft and A. Sehon. pp. 161–164. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avjioglu, A., J. Creaney, P. M. Smith, P. Taylor, M. B. Singh, and R. B. Knox. 1993b. Cloning and characterization of the major allergen of Sorghum halepense, a subtropical grass. In Molecular Biology and Immunology of Allergens, eds. D. Kraft and A. Sehon, pp. 149–151. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayers, J. G. and D. Fleming. 1989. Underestimation of the rise in asthma over the last decade: evidence from general practice in the UK. Thorax 44:365P–366P.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baraniuk, J. N., R. E. Esch, and C. E. Buckley III. 1988. Pollen grain column chromatography: Quantitation and biochemical analysis of ragweed-pollen solutes. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 81:1126–1134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, A., D. Lyle, L. Taylor, and P. Thomson. 1990. The use of medical records in epidemiology: A case study using asthma hospitalisations in New South Wales, 1979–86. Austral. Med. Record J. 20:101–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellomo, R., P. Gigliotti, A. Treloar, P. Holmes, C. Suphioglu, M. B. Singh, and R. B. Knox. 1992. Two consecutive thunderstorm associated epidemics of asthma in the city of Melbourne. The possible role of rye-grass pollen. Med. J. Austral. 156:834–837.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, J. F., R. D. Garman, K. M. Keating, T. J. Briner, T. Rafnar, D. G. Klapper, and B. L. Rogers. 1991. Multiple Amb a I allergens demonstrate specific reactivity with IgE and T cells from ragweed-allergic patients. J. Immunol. 146:3380–3385.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, J. F., B. S. Segal, X-B. Yu, K. A. Theriault, M. S. Pollock, and H. Yeung. 1993. Human IgE reactivity to purified recombinant and native grass allergens. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 91:339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bousquet, J., M. Breitenbach, S. Dreborg, J. Kenimer, H. Lowenstein, and P. S. Norman. 1993. Diagnosis of allergy and specific immunotherapy using recombinant allergens and epitopes. In Molecular Biology and Immunology of Allergens, eds. D. Kraft and A. Sehon, pp. 311–320. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bridger, G. P. and D. F. Proctor. 1971. Laryngeal mucociliary clearance. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 80:445–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, C. A., P. S. Norman, R. R. Rosenthal, and L. M. Lichtenstein. 1977. The role of ragweed pollen in autumnal asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 59:449–459.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bufe, A., W. M. Becker, and M. Schlaak. 1993. Recombinant Phl p VA (Phleum pratense) cDNA clones express at least two general B-cell epitopes of group V grass pollen allergens. In Annual Meeting of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (abstract), eds. R. C. Aalberse, M. L. Kapsenberg and P. H. Dieges, p. 127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burney, P., J. Bousquet, M. Blumenthal, M. Blumenthal, M. Burr, S. Bryan, D. Charpin, R. A. Kaslow, B. Kay, N.I.M. Kjellman, C. Mapp, T. Miyamoto, P. Paoletti, J. Pollock, R. Ronchetti, E. R. Weeke, V. G. Svendsen, P. Szemer, C. Troise, U. Wahn, K. Weiss, and B. Zweimann. 1993. Evidence for an increase in atopic disease and possible causes. Clin. Exp. Allergy 23:484–492.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bush, R. K. 1989. Aerobiology of pollen and fungal allergens. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 84:1120–1128.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Busse, W. W., C. E. Reed, and J. H. Hoehne. 1972. Where is the allergic reaction in ragweed asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 50:289–293.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chua, K-Y., P. K. Kehal, W. R. Thomas, P. R. Vaughan, and I. G. Macreadie. 1992. High-frequency binding of IgE to the Der p allergen expressed in yeast. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 89:95–102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cogswell, J. 1992. How predictive of asthma is atopy? Clin. Exp. Allergy 22:597–599.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colloff, M. J., J. Ayres, F. Carswell, P. H. Howarth, T. G. Merrett, E. B. Mitchell, M. J. Walshaw, J. O. Warner, J. A. Warner, and A. A. Woodcock. 1992. The control of allergens of dust mites and domestic pets: a position paper. Clin. Exp. Allergy 22:1–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D’Amato, G., S. Dal Bo, and S. Bonini. 1992. Pollen-related allergy in Italy. Annals Allergy 68:433–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, R. 1993. The impact of pollution on allergic disease. In Annual meeting of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (abstract), eds. R. C. Aalberse, M. L. Kapsenberg and P. H. Dieges, pp. 226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, R. R. and L. P. Smith. 1973a. Forecasting the start and severity of the hay fever season. Clin. Allergy 3:263–267.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, R. R. and L. P. Smith. 1973b. Weather and the grass pollen content of the air. Clin. Allergy 4:95–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolecek, C., S. Vrtala, S. Laffer, D. Kraft, O. Scheiner, and R. Valenta. 1993. Molecular characterization of a cDNA coding for a group II/III allergen from timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen. In Annual meeting of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (abstract) eds. R. C. Aalberse, M. L. Kapsenberg and P. H. Dieges, pp. 128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Druce, H. M. 1993. Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. In Allergy. Principles and Practice, eds. E. Middleton Jr., C. R. Reed, E. F. Ellis, N. F. Adkinson, J. W. Yunginger and W. W. Busse, 4th ed. pp. 1433–1453. Mosby, St. Louis, MO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekramoddoullah, A.K.M. 1990. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analyses of Kentucky bluegrass and rye-grass pollen allergens. Internat. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 93:371–377.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ekramoddoullah, A.K.M., F. T. Kisil, and A. H. Sehon. 1983. Immunological characterization of a high molecular weight basic allergen (HMBA) of rye grass (Lolium perenne) pollen. Mol. Immunol. 20:465–473.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, D. M. and D. L. Crombie. 1987. Prevalence of asthma and hayfever in England and Wales. Brit. Med. J. 294:279–283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ford, D. and B. A. Baldo. 1986. A re-examination of rye-grass (Lolium perenne) pollen allergens. Internat. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 81:193–203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gergen, P. J. and K. B. Weiss. 1990. Changing patterns of asthma hospitalization among children: 1979 to 1987. JAMA 264:1688–1692.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gergen, P. J., D. I. Mullally, and R. Evans III. 1988. National survey of prevalence of asthma among children in the United States, 1976 to 1980. Pediatrics 81:1–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gertzoff, E. D., J. A. Tainer, R. A. Lerner, and H. M. Geysen. 1988. The chemistry and mechanism of antibody binding to protein antigens. Adv. Immunol. 43:1–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, C., H. Buch, L. Moseholm, and E. R. Weeke. 1988. Airborne pollen records in Denmark, 1977–1986. Grana 27:209–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greene, W. K., K. Y. Chua, G. A. Stewart, and W. R. Thomas. 1990. Antigenic analysis of group I house dust mite allergens using random fragments of Der p I expressed by recombinant DNA libraries. Internat. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 92:30–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene, W. K., J. G. Cyster, K-Y. Chua, R. M. O’Brien, and W. R. Thomas. 1991. IgE and IgG binding of peptides expressed from fragments of cDNA encoding the major house dust mites allergen Der p I. J. Immunol. 147:3768–3773.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, I. J., P. M. Smith, J. Pollock, P. Theerakulpisut, A. Avjioglu, S. Davies, T. Hough, M. B. Singh, R. J. Simpson, L. D. Ward, and R. B. Knox. 1991a. Cloning and sequencing of Lol p 1, the major allergenic protein of rye-grass pollen. FEBS Letters 279:210–215.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haahtela, T., H. Lindholm, F. Bjorksten, K. Koskenvuo, and L. A. Laitinen. 1990. Prevalence of asthma in Finnish young men. Brit. Med. J. 301:226–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habenicht, H. A., H. A. Burge, M. L. Muilenberg, and W. R. Solomon. 1984. Allergen carriage by atmospheric aerosol. II. Ragweed-pollen determinants in submicronic atmospheric fractions. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 74:64–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han, S-H., Z-N. Chang, H. Chang, C-W. Chi, H-J. Perng, C-C. Liu, J-J Tsai, and M. F. Tarn. 1993. Use of monoclonal antibodies to isolate and characterize Cyn d I, the major allergen of Bermuda grass pollen. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 92:549–558.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hatch, T. and P. Gross. 1964. Pulmonary Deposition and Retention of Inhaled Aerosols, pp. 27–43. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heslop-Harrison, J. 1968. The pollen grain wall. Science 161:230–237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, D. J., I. J. Smart, and R. B. Knox. 1979. Childhood asthma and grass pollen aerobiology in Melbourne. Med. J. Austral. 1:426–429.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirst, J. M. 1952. An automatic volumetric spore trap. Ann. Appl. Biol. 39:257–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoehne, J. H. and C. E. Reed. 1971. Where is the allergic reaction in ragweed asthma? J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 48:36–39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howlett, B. J., and R. B. Knox. 1984. Allergic interactions. In Encyclopaedia of plant physiology, volume 17, eds. J. Heslop-Harrison and H. F. Linskens, pp. 655–674. Springer, Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyde, H. A. 1972. Atmospheric pollen and spores in relation to allergy. Clin. Allergy 2:153–179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, J., L. K. Poulsen, K. Mygind, E. R. Weeke, and B. Weeke. 1989. Immunochemical estimations of allergenic activities from outdoor aeroallergens, collected by a high-volume air sampler. Allergy 44:52–59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnsen, C. R., E. R. Weeke, J. Nielsen, J. Jensen, H. Mosbech, and L. Frolund. 1992. Aeroallergen analyses and their clinical relevance. H. Sampling by high-volume airsampler with immunochemical quantification versus Burkard pollen trap sampling with morphologic quantification. Allergy 47:510–516.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, P. and D. G. Marsh. 1965a. The isolation and characterization of allergens from the pollen of ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Eur. Polym. J. 1:63–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, P. and D. G. Marsh. 1965b. Isoallergens from rye grass pollen. Nature 206:935–937.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, P. and D. G. Marsh. 1966. Allergens from common ryegrass pollen (Lolium perenne)-I Chemical composition and structure. Immunochem. 3:91–100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klysner, S., K. G. Welinder, H. Lowenstein, and F. Matthiesen. 1992. Group V allergens in grass pollens. IV. Similarities in amino acid compositions and NH2-terminal sequences of the group V allergens from Lolium perenne, Poa pratense and Dactylis glomerata. Clin. Exp. Allergy 22:491–497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knox, R. B. 1984. The pollen grain. In Embryology of Angiosperms, ed. B. M. Johri, pp. 197–271. Springer Verlag, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Knox, R. B. 1993. Grass pollen, thunderstorms and asthma. Clin. Exp. Allergy 23:354–359.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knox, R. B. and J. Heslop-Harrison. 1971. Pollen wall proteins: localisation of antigenic and allergenic proteins in the pollen grain walls of Ambrosia spp. (ragweeds). Cytobios 4:49–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knox, R. B. and M. Tuohy. 1981. Pollen, plants and people—A review of pollen aerobiology in southern Australia. Proc. 6th Australian Weeds Conf. 2:125–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knox, R. B., J. Heslop-Harrison, and C. Reed. 1970. Localisation of antigens associated with pollen grain wall by immunofluorescence. Nature 225:1066–1068.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knox, R. B., M. B. Singh, T. Hough, and P. Theerakulpisut. 1989. The rye-grass pollen allergen, Lol p 1. In Allergy and Molecular Biology, Advances in Biosciences, eds. A. S. El-Shami and T. G. Merrett. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 74:161–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laffer, S., S. Vrtala, M. Duchene, D. Kraft, O. Scheiner, and R. Valenta. 1993. Recombinant timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen allergens as tools to determine specific IgE-binding in grass-pollen allergic patients. In Annual Meeting of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (abstract), eds. R. C. Aalberse, M. L. Kapsenberg and P. H. Dieges, p. 128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, W. H., A. B. Dixir, and H. J. Wedner. 1992. Grass aeropollen of the Western United States Gulf Coast. Internat. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 98:80–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, Z., A.K.M. Ekramoddoullah, F. T. Kisil, J. Hebert, and W. Mourad. 1988. Isolation and characterization of Poa p I allergens of Kentucky bluegrass pollen with a murine monoclonal anti-Lol p 1 antibody. Internat. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 87:294 – 300.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, D. G., Z. H. Haddad, and D. H. Campbell. 1970. A new method for determining the distribution of allergenic fractions in biological materials: Its application to grass pollen extracts. J. Allergy 46:107–121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, D. G., L. Belin, C.A. Bruce, L. M. Lichtenstein, and R. Hussain. 1981. Rapidly released allergens from short ragweed pollen. I. Kinetics of release of known allergens in relation to biologic activity. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 67:206–216.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matthiesen, F. and H. Lowenstein. 1991a. Group V allergens in grass pollens. Purification and characterization of the group V allergen from Phleum pratense pollen, Phi p V. Clin. Exp. Allergy 21:297–307.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matthiesen, F. and H. Lowenstein. 1991b. Group V allergens in grass pollens. Investigation of group V allergens in pollens from 10 grasses. Clin. Exp. Allergy 21:309–320.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matthiesen, F., M. J. Schumacher, and H. Lowenstein. 1991. Characterization of the major allergen of Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) pollen, Cyn d I. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 88:763–774.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, M.S. 1980. Correlation of airborne grass pollen levels with meteorological data. Grana 19:53–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mecheri, S., G. Peltre, and B. David. 1985. Purification and characterization of a major allergen from Dactylis glomerata pollen: The Ag Dg I. Internat. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 78:283–289.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehra, V., D. Sweetser, and R. A. Young. 1986. Efficient mapping of protein antigenic determinants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:7013–7017.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, E. A. 1983. Increasing prevalence of asthma in children. NZ. Med. J. 96:463–464.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, E. A. 1985. International trends in hospital admission rates for asthma. Arch. Disease in Childhood 60:376–378.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyamoto, T. 1992. Increased prevalence of pollen allergy in Japan. In Advances in allergology and clinical immunology, eds. Ph. Godard, J. Bousquet and F. B. Michel, pp. 343–347. The Partheon Publishing Group, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohapatra, S. S., R. Hill, J. Astwood, A.K.M. Ekramoddoullah, E. Olsen, A. Silvanovitch, T. Hatton, F. T. Kisil, and A. H. Sehon. 1990. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding an IgE-binding protein from Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) pollen. Internat. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 91:362–368.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, P. D., J. A. Webb, and M. E. Collinson. 1991. Pollen Analysis, 2nd ed. Black-well Scientific Publications, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, S. and J. Palmberg-Gotthard. 1982. Pollen calendar for Huddinge (Sweden), 1977–1981. Grana 21:183–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Obtulowicz, K., K. Szczepanek, and A. Szczeklik. 1990. The value of pollen count for diagnosis and therapy of pollen allergy in Poland. Grana 29:318–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Obtulowicz, K., K. Szczepanek, J. Radwan, M. Grzywacz, K. Adamus, and A. Szczeklik. 1991. Correlation between airborne pollen incidence, skin prick tests and serum immunoglobulins in allergic people in Cracowm, Poland. Grana 30:136–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogden, E. C., G. S. Raynor, J. V. Hayes, D. M. Lewis, and J. H. Haines. 1974. Manual for Sampling Airborne Pollen. Hafner Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, E., L. Zhang, R. D. Hill, F. T. Kisil, A. H. Sehon, and S. S. Mohapatra. 1991. Identification and characterization of the Poa p IX group of basic allergens of Kentucky bluegrass pollen. J. Immunol. 147:205–211.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ong, E. K., I. J. Griffith, R. B. Knox, and M. B. Singh. 1993. Cloning of a cDNA encoding a group-V (group-IX) allergen isoform from rye-grass pollen that demonstrates specific antigenic immunoreactivity. Gene 134:235–240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ong, E. K., R. B. Knox, and M. B. Singh. 1994a. Mapping of the antigenic and allergenic epitopes of Lol p VB using gene fragmentation, (in preparation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ong, E. K., R. B. Knox, S. Farish, and M. B. Singh. 1994b. Seasonal distribution of airborne grass pollen in the atmosphere of Melbourne: Forecasting the onset of the grass pollen season. (in preparation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ong, E. K., R. B. Knox, M. Abramson, and M. B. Singh. 1994c. Grass pollen, rainfall and asthma: Relationship between environmental allergen load and pollen counts. (in preparation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Paggiaro, P. L., F. L. Dente, D. Talini, E. Bacci, B. Vagaggini, and C. Giunini. 1990. Pattern of airway response to allergen extract of Phleum pratenses in asthmatic patients during and outside the pollen season. Respiration 57:51–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perez, M., G. Y. Ishioka, L. E. Walker, and R. W. Chestnut. 1990. cDNA cloning and immunological characterization of the rye-grass allergen Lol p 1. J. Biol. Chem. 265:16210–16215.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, A., W-M. Becker, and M. Schlaak. 1992a. Examination of microheterogeneity in grass pollen allergens. Electrophoresis 13:736–739.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, A., W-M Becker, and M. Schlaak. 1992b. Characterization of isoforms of the major allergen Phl p V by two-dimensional immunoblotting and microsequencing. Internat. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 98:105–109.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, A., G. Schramm, A. Bufe, M. Schlaak, and W. M. Becker. 1993a. Investigation of the microheterogeneity in Phl p I isoallergens. In Annual Meeting of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (abstract), eds. R. C. Aalberse, M. L. Kapsenberg and P. H. Dieges. p. 127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, A., W-M. Becker, and M. Schlaak. 1993b. Characterization of grass group I allergens in timothy grass pollen. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 92:789–796.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, B. N. and I. Sandberg. 1981. Diagnostics in allergic diseases by correlating pollen/fungal spore counts with patient scores of symptoms. Grana 20:219–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rantio-Lehtimaki, A., A. Koivikko, R. Kupias, Y. Makinen, and A. Pohjola. 1991. Significance of sampling height of airborne particles for aerobiological information. Allergy 46:68–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redlich, P. N., P. D. Hoeprich, C. B. Colby, and S. E. Grossberg. 1991. Antibodies that neutralize human b interferon biologic activity recognize a linear epitope: Analysis by synthetic peptide mapping. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:4040–4044.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, A. M., R. van Ree, J. Emly, S. M. Cardy, M.M.A. Rottier, and M. R. Walker. 1992. N-terminal amino acid sequence homologies of group V grass pollen allergens. Internat. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 98:178–180.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, C. F., E. Heycock, J. Bishop, T. Nolan, A. Olinsky, and P. D. Phelan. 1991. Prevalence of asthma in Melbourne schoolchildren: changes over 26 years. Brit. Med. J. 802:1116–1118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohac, M., T. Birkner, I. Reimitzer, B. Bohle, R. Steiner, M. Breitenbach, D. Kraft, O. Scheiner, F. Gabi, and H. Rumpold. 1991. The immunological relationship of epitopes on major tree pollen allergens. Mol. Immunol. 28:897–906.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savoca, R., C. Schwab, and H. R. Bosshard. 1991. Epitope mapping employing immobilized synthetic peptides. How specific is the reactivity of these peptides with antiserum raised against the parent protein? J. Immunol. Methods 141:245–252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheiner, O. 1992. Recombinant allergens: Biological, immunological and practical aspects. Internat. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 98:93–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schramm, G., A. Bufe, A. Petersen, W. M. Becker, and M. Schlaak. 1993. cDNA cloning and sequencing of Hol l I and Hoi l V, the major allergens of Holeus lanatus. In Annual Meeting of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (abstract), eds. R. C. Aalberse, M. L. Kapsenberg and P. H. Dieges, p. 127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumacher, M. J., R. D. Griffith, and M. K. O’Rourke. 1988. Recognition of pollen and other particulate aeroantigens by immunoblot microscopy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 82:608–616.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheffer, A. L., J. Bousquet, W. W. Busse, T.J.H. Clark, R. Dahl, D. Evans, L. Fabbri, F. E. Hargreave, S. T. Holgate, H. Magnussen, M. R. Partridge, R. Pau weis, R. Rodriguez-Roisin, A. Rubinfeld, M. R. Sotes, M. R. Sears, A. Szczeklik, and J. Warner. 1992. International consensus report on diagnosis and treatment of asthma. Eur.Respir.J. 5:601–641.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silvanovich, A., J. Astwood, L. Zhang, E. Olsen, F. Kisil, A. Sehon, S. Mohapatra, and R. Hill. 1991. Nucleotide sequence analysis of three cDNAs coding for Poa p IX isoallergens of Kentucky bluegrass pollen. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1204–1210.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M. B., T. Hough, P. Theerakulpisut, A. Avjioglu, S. Davies, P. M. Smith, P. Taylor, R. J. Simpson, L. D. Ward, J. McCluskey, R. Puy, and R. B. Knox. 1991. Isolation of cDNA encoding a newly identified major allergenic protein of rye-grass pollen: Intracellular targeting to the amyloplast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:1384–1388.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smart, I. J. and R. B. Knox. 1979. Aerobiology of grass pollen in the city atmosphere of Melbourne: Quantitative analysis of seasonal and diurnal changes. Austral. J. Bot. 27:317–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smart, I. J., W. G. Tuddenham, and R. B. Knox. 1979. Aerobiology of grass pollen in the city atmosphere of Melbourne: Effects of weather parameters and pollen sources. Austral. J. Bot. 27:333–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E. G. 1984. Sampling andidentijying Allergenic Pollens and Molds. An Illustrated Manual for Physicians and Lab Technicians. Blewstone Press, Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P. M., E. K. Ong, A. Avjioglu, M. B. Singh, and R. B. Knox. 1993a. Analysis of rye-grass pollen allergens using two dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting. In Molecular Biology and Immunology of Allergens, eds. D. Kraft and A. Sehon, pp. 141–143. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P. M., M. B. Singh, and R. B. Knox. 1993b. Characterization and cloning of the major allergen of Bermuda grass, Cyn d I. In Molecular Biology and Immunology of Allergens, eds. D. Kraft and A. Sehon, pp. 157–160. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, W. R. 1984. Aerobiology of pollinosis, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 74:449–461.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, W. R. 1986. Airborne allergens associated with small particle fractions. Grana 25:85–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, W. R., H. A. Burge, and M. L. Muilenberg. 1983. Allergen carriage by atmospheric aerosol. I. Ragweed pollen determinants in smaller micronic fractions. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 72:443–447.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spieksma, F.Th.M. 1980. Daily hay fever forecast in the Netherlands. Radio broadcasting of the expected influence of the weather on subjective complaints of hay fever sufferers. Allergy 35:593–603.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spieksma, F.Th.M. 1986. Airborne pollen concentrations in Leiden, The Netherlands, 1977–1981. III. Herbs and weeds flowering in the summer. Grana 25:47–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spieksma, F.Th.M., J. A. Kramps, A. C. Van Der Linden, B.E.P.H. Nikkeis, A. Plomp, H. K. Koerten, and J. H. Dijkman. 1990. Evidence of grass-pollen allergenic activity in the smaller micronic atmospheric aerosol fraction. Clin. Exp. Allergy 20:273–280.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spieksma, F.Th.M., A. D. Van den Assem, and B.J.A. Collette. 1985. Airborne pollen concentration in Leiden, The Netherlands, 1977–1981. II. Poaceae (grasses), variations and relation to hay fever. Grana 24:99–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sporik, R., M. D. Chapman, and T.A.E. Platts-Mills. 1992. House dust mite exposure as a cause of asthma. Clin. Exp. Allergy 22:897–906.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staff, I. A., P. E. Taylor, P. Smith, M. B. Singh, and R. B. Knox. 1990. Cellular localization of water soluble, allergenic proteins in rye-grass (Lolium perenne) pollen using monoclonal and specific IgE antibodies with immunogold probes. Histochemical J. 22:276–290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, G. A. and P. G. Holt. 1985. Submicronic airborne allergens. Med. J. Austral. 143:426–427.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, G. A., K. J. Turner, B. A. Baldo, A. W. Cripps, A. Ford, V. Seagroatt, H. Lowenstein, and A.K.M. Ekramoddoullah. 1988. Standardization of rye-grass pollen (Lolium perenne) extract. An immunochemical and physicochemical assessment of six candidate international reference preparations. Internat. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 86:9–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subiza, J., J. M. Masiello, J. L. Subiza, M. Jerez, M. Hinojosa, and E. Subiza. 1992. Prediction of annual variations in atmospheric concentrations of grass pollen. A method based on meteorological factors and grain crop estimates. Clin. Exp. Allergy 22:540–546.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suphioglu, C. 1994. Molecular biology and immunology of grass pollen allergens. Ph.D. diss. The University of Melbourne, Australia. (submitted).

    Google Scholar 

  • Suphioglu, C., M. B. Singh, P. Taylor, R. Bellomo, P. Holmes, R. Puy, and R. B. Knox. 1992. Mechanism of grass-pollen-induced asthma. Lancet 339:569–572.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tseng, R.Y.M., Y. M. Lam, and D. P. Davies, 1988. Hospitalisation for childhood asthma in Hong Kong 1976–1985. Public Health 102:275–279.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valenta, R., S. Vrtala, C. Ebner, D. Kraft, and O. Scheiner. 1992. Diagnosis of grass pollen allergy with recombinant timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen allergens. Internat. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 97:287–294.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Ree, R., M.N.B.M. Driessen, W. A. van Leeuwen, S. O. Stapel and R. C. Aalberse. 1992. Variability of crossreactivity of IgE antibodies to group I and V allergens in eight grass pollen species. Clin. Exp. Allergy 22:611–617.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Varonier, H. S., J. de Haller, and C. Schopfer. 1984. Prevalence de l’allergie chez les enfants et les adolescents. Helv. Paediatr. Acta 39:129–136.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vithanage, H.I.M.V., B. J. Howlett, S. Jobson, and R. B. Knox. 1982. Immunocytochemical localization of water-soluble glycoproteins, including Group I allergen, in pollen of ryegrass, Lolium perenne, using ferritin-labelled antibodies. Histochem. J. 14:949–966.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vrtala, S., M. Grote, M. Duchene, R. van Ree, D. Kraft, O. Scheiner, and R. Valenta. 1993. Properties of tree and grass pollen allergens: Reinvestigation of the linkage between solubility and allergenicity. Internat. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 102:160–169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, D. J., J. A. Matthews, R. Denmeade, P. Maxwell, M. Davidson, and M. R. Walker. 1990. Monoclonal antibodies to proteins from Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata) pollen: Isolation and N-terminal sequence of a major allergen. Internat. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 91:419–425.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, D. J., J. A. Matthews, R. Denmeade, M. R. Walker. 1989. Cloning of cDNA coding for an allergen of cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata) pollen. Internat. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 90:78–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weeke, E. R. and F.Th.M. Spieksma. 1991. Allergenic significance of Gramineae pollen. In Allergenic Pollen and Pollinosis in Europe, eds. G. D’Amato, F.Th.M. Spieksma and S. Bonini, pp. 109–112. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, M. H. 1989. Increasing severity of asthma from 1960 to 1987. New Engl. J. Med. 320:1015–1016.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, A. F., H. S. Novey, R. A. Berke, and E. L. Surprenant. 1973. Deposition of inhaled pollen and pollen extract in human airways. N. Engl. J. Med. 288:1056–1060.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wuthrich, B. 1989. Epidemiology of the allergic diseases: are they really on the increase? Internat. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 90:3–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, M., E. Olsen, J. Dolovich, A. H. Sehon, and S. S. Mohapatra. 1991. Immunologic characterization of a recombinant Kentucky bluegrass (Poapratensis) allergenic peptide. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 87:1096–1104.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yunginger, J. W., C. E. Reed, E. J. O’Connell, J. Melton III, W. M. O’Fallon, and M. D. Silverstein. 1992. A community-based study of the epidemiology of asthma. Incidence rates, 1964–1983. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 146:888–894.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., E. Olsen, F. T. Kisil, R. D. Hill, A. H. Sehon, and S. S. Mohapatra. 1992. Mapping of antibody binding epitopes of a recombinant Poa p IX allergen. Mol. Immunol. 29:1383–1389.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zwick, H., W. Popp, S. Jager, C. Wagner, K. Reiser, and F. Horak. 1991. Pollen sensitization and allergy in children depend on the pollen load. Allergy 46:362–366.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. E. K. Ong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Bruce Knox
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohan B. Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    Shyam S. Mohapatra

  2. Department of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    R. Bruce Knox

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Chapman & Hall

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ong, E.K., Knox, R.B., Singh, M.B. (1996). Molecular Characterization and Environmental Monitoring of Grass Pollen Allergens. In: Mohapatra, S.S., Knox, R.B. (eds) Pollen Biotechnology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0235-4_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0235-4_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0237-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-0235-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation