Abstract
Magnetism has been known since ancient times; references to lodestone (leading stone) are found in the Vedas, the most ancient religious scriptures of the Hindus, dating back to about 1000 BC, in the Platonic dialogues of Socrates, and in the ancient literature of the Chinese. Scientific studies of magnetism began with William Gilbert of Colchester (1540–1603); he showed that the earth itself behaves like a magnet, that iron ceases to be attracted while red hot, and that substances such as paper and cloth do not affect the force of attraction between a magnet and iron. The early contributions of John Mitchell (1724–1793), of John Robison (1739–1805), and of Coulomb (1736–1806) helped to establish the well-known Coulomb’s “inverse square” law. Faraday is regarded as the founder of magnetochemistry; he based his investigations on the early researches of Ampére, Oersted, Arago, and Biot. Faraday showed that all matter is magnetic in one sense or the other; that is, that matter is either attracted or repelled by a magnetic field. Today we know that the former category embraces para- and ferromagnetism and the latter corresponds to diamagnetism. Stoner1 has given an excellent historical introduction and many references to early work. Faraday may be also regarded as a founder of biomagnetics or magnetobiology.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Stoner, E. C., Magnetism and Matter, 1934, Methuen, London
Magnetism and Atomic Structure, Methuen, London, 1926.
Pacault, A., Rev. sci. acad. sci. Paris, 84:169, 1946
Pacault, A., Rev. sci. acad. sci. Paris, 86:38, 1948.
Bhatnagar, S.S., and K.N. Mathur, Physical Principles and Applications of Magnetochemistry, Macmillan, London, 1935.
Klemm, W., Magnetochemie, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 1936.
Selwood, P. W., Magnetochemistry, 2nd ed., Interscience, New York-London, 1956.
Seiwood, P.W., Adsorption and Collective Paramagnetism, John Wiley, New York, 1962.
Goodenough, J. B., Magnetism and the Chemical Bond, Academic Press, New York, 1963.
Rado, G. T., and H. Suhl, (ed.) Magnetism, Vols. I and III (Vol. II in preparation), Academic Press, New York, 1963.
Dorfman, Y.G., The Magnetic Properties and Structure of Matter, State Publishing House for Technical and Theoretical Literature, Moscow, 1955 (Office of Technical Services, Dept. of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C).
Belov, K.P., Magnetic Transitions, Consultants Bureau, New York, 1961.
D. ter Haar, Fluctuation, Relaxation, and Resonance in Magnetic Systems, Plenum Press, New York, 1962.
Brown, W. F., Magnetostatic Principles of Ferromagnetism, John Wiley, New York, 1962.
Brown, W. F., Micromagnetics, John Wiley, New York, 1963.
Smit, J., and H. P. Wijn, Ferrites, John Wiley, New York, 1962.
Gurevich, A.G., Ferrites at Microwave Frequencies, Consultants Bureau, New York, 1963.
Lax, B., and K.J. Button, Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1962.
Bates, L. F., Modern Magnetism, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, London, 1961.
Bozorth, R.M., Ferromagnetism, D. Van Nostrand, New York, 1951.
Griffith, J. S., The Theory of Transition Metal Ions, Cambridge University Press, London, 1961.
Néel, L., “French Contributions to the Field of Magnetism,” Physical Sciences, H. P. Kallmann, S.A. Korff, and S.G. Roth, eds., New York University Press, New York, 1962, Chap. 12.
Van Vleck, J.H., Electric and Magnetic Susceptibilities, Oxford University Press, London, 1932
“The Magnetism of Some Rare Earth Compounds, ”Physical Sciences, H. P. Kallmann, S.A. Korff, and S.G. Roth, eds., New York University Press, New York, 1962, Chap. 11.
Bozorth, R.M., J.H. Van Vleck, et al., Magnetic Properties of Metals and Alloys, American Society for Metals, Cleveland, 1959.
Krumhaul, J. A., J. Appl. Phys., 30:1183, 1959.
Kittel, C., Introduction to Solid State Physics, John Wiley, New York, 1960.
Desirant, M., and J. L. Michiels, Solid State Physics, Academic Press, New York, 1960, Part I, Vol. III (Magnetic and Optical Properties).
Michaelis, L., “Determination of Magnetic Susceptibilities,” Technique of Organic Chemistry, A. Weissberger, ed., Interscience, New York-London, 1949, Vol. I, Part II.
Figgis, B.N., and J. Lewis, “The Magnetochemistry of Complex Compounds, ”Modern Coordination Chemistry, J. Lewis and R.G. Wilkins, eds., Interscience, New York-London, 1960.
Hutchison, C.A., “Magnetic Susceptibilities,” Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods, E. A. Braude and F. C. Nachod, eds., Academic Press, New York, 1955.
Nyholm, R.S., J. Inorg. & Nucl. Chem., 8:402, 1958.
Pacault, P.A., J. Hoarau, and A. Marchand, “Recent Advances in Diamagnetism,” Advances in Chemical Physics, I. Prigogine, ed., Interscience, New York-London, 1961.
Ray, P., ed., Magnetism, Report of the Symposium (1954),
Ray, P., ed. Indian Assn. for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Calcutta, India, 1957.
Foex, G., C.J. Gorter, and L.J. Smits, Tables Constantes Selectionnées Diamagnetisme et Paramagnetisme, Masson et Cie., Paris, 1957.
Landolt and Börnstein “Zahlenweste und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik,” Vol. II, Part 9, 1962, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, also Walter J. Johnson, Inc., New York.
Palmer, T.M., Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs., Austria, 21:739, 1960.
Mulay, L.N., Anal. Chem., 34:343R, 1962 (April Review Issue).
Mulay, L.N., and I. L. Mulay, Anal. Chem. 36:404R, 1964 (April Review Issue).
Mulay, L.N., “Magnetic Susceptibilities,” Handbook of Analytical Chemistry, L. Meites, ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963.
Kolm, H., B. Lax, F. Bitter, and R. Mills, (eds.), Proceedings of International Conference on High Magnetic Fields, M. I. T., 1961, MIT Press and John Wiley, New York, 1962.
Index to the Literature on Magnetism, published by the American Institute of Physics, New York, Vols. I and II (1962), Vol. III, Part I (1963), Part II.
Néel, L., French Science News, Paris, No. 3, November, 1963 (obtainable at French Consulates).
Anderson, P.W., Solid State Physics, Vol. 14, Seitz and Turnbull, eds., Academic Press, New York, 1963.
“Proceedings of the International Conference on Magnetism and Crvstallograonv. Kvoto. 1961,” J. of the Phys. Soc. Japan, Vol. 17, Suppl. B-l (this was also published as a separate volume in 1962).
Mulay, L.N., “Analytical Applications of Magnetic Susceptibility,” “Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Kolthoff and Elving, ed., John Wiley, New York, 1963, Part I, Vol. IV, P. 1781.
Langevin, P., Ann. Chim. et Phys. 5(8):70, 1905
Langevin, P., J. Phys., 4:468, 678, 1905.
Havens, G.G., Phys. Rev. 41:337,1932.
Havens, G.G., Phys. Rev.; 43:992, 1333,1932
Stoner, E.C., Proc. Leeds Phil. Lit. Soc, Sci. Sect., 1:484, 1929.
Pauling, L., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) Al 14:181, 1927.
Slater, J.C., Phys. Rev. 32:349, 1928.
Slater, J.C., Phys. Rev. 36:57, 1930.
Mulay, L.N., Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 34A:245, 1951.
Clow, A., Trans. Faraday Soc, 33:381, 1937.
Gray, F. W., and J.H. Cruickshank, Trans. Faraday Soc, 31:1491, 1935.
Tai Yuan Yang, J. Chem. Phys., 16:865, 1948.
Pople, J. A., J. Chem. Phys., 37:53, 60, 1962.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1964 Plenum Press
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mulay, L.N. (1964). Basic Concepts Related to Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Susceptibility. In: Barnothy, M.F. (eds) Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0214-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0214-9_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0216-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-0214-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive