Abstract
Synthetic materials for medical applications (biomaterials) are widely used in the United States today. The types of materials used to fabricate medical implant devices include plastics, elastomers, fibers, metals, carbons, ceramics, glasses, and composites. The extent of the use of synthetics in medicine is emphasized by the numbers of implants itemized in Table 1. Although high success rates are generally realized with these implants, there is much room for improvement. It is reasonable to surmise that an enhanced understanding of the surface of these implants, the region directly interfacing with the body, can lead to improvements in performance of these devices.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K. L. Mittal, ed., Surface Contamination: Genesis, Detection and Control, Plenum Press, New York (1979).
B. D. Ratner, J. J. Rosen, A. S. Hoffman, and L. H. Scharpen, An ESCA study of surface contaminants on glass substrates for cell adhesion, in: Surface Contamination: Genesis, Detection and Control (K. L. Mittal, ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 669–686, Plenum Press, New York (1979).
E. Nyilas, E. L. Kupski, P. Burnett, and R. M. Haag, Surface microstructural factors and the blood compatibility of a silicone rubber, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 4, 369–432 (1970).
B. D. Ratner, Analysis of surface contaminants on intraocular lenses, Arch. Ophthalmol. 101, 1434–1438 (1983).
D. W. Meltzer, Gamma ray sterilization and its effect on intraocular lenses, Am. Intra-Ocular Implant Soc. J. 7, 126–129 (1981).
R. E. Baier, A. E. Meyer, C. K. Akers, J. R. Natiella, M. Meenaghan, and J. M. Carter, Degradative effects of conventional steam sterilization on biomaterial surfaces, Biomaterials 3, 241–245 (1982).
P. Didisheim, M. K. Dewanjee, D. N. Fass, V. Fuster, K. E. Holley, M. P. Kaye, P. E. Zollman, and M. V. Tirrell, Blood Compatibility of Circulatory Assist Devices, Annual Report, June 30, 1981, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., 20014, PB 82 1295 37.
D. W. Meltzer, R. C. Drews, and A. S. Hajek, Millipore filters in ophthalmic surgery: A caution concerning their use, Am. Intra-Ocular Implant Soc. J. 7, 143–146 (1981).
R. E. Baier, V. A. Depalma, A. Furuse, V. L. Gott, G. W. Kammlott, T. Lucas, P. N. Sawyer, S. Srinivasan, and B. Stanczewski, Thromboresistance of glass after glow discharge treatment in argon, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 9, 547–560 (1975).
J. R. Vig, UV/ozone cleaning of surfaces: A review, in: Surface Contamination: Genesis, Detection and Control (K. L. Mittal, ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 235–253, Plenum Press, New York (1979).
L. Smith, D. Hill, J. Hibbs, S. W. Kim, J. Andrade, and D. Lyman, Glow discharge surface treatment for improved cellular adhesion, Polym. Prepr., Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem. 16, 186–190 (1975).
C. Rappaport, Some aspects of the growth of mammalian cells on glass surfaces, in: The Chemistry of Biosurfaces (M. L. Hair, ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 449–487, Marcel Dekker, New York (1972).
J. A. Bergeron, J. M. DiNovo, A. F. Razzano, and W. J. Dodds, Non-thrombogenicity of clean glass revealed by native whole blood assay in bead columns, Thromb. Haemostas. 50(4), 814–820 (1983).
R. E. Baier, R. C. Dutton, and V. L. Gott, Surface chemical features of blood vessel walls and of synthetic materials exhibiting thromboresistance, in: Surface Chemistry of Biological Systems (M. Blank, ed.), pp. 235–260, Plenum Press, New York (1970).
R. E. Baier, V. L. Gott, and R. C. Dutton, Thromboresistance of Stellite 21: The role of an adventitious waxy contaminant, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 6, 465–470 (1972).
S. R. Hanson, L. A. Harker, B. D. Ratner, and A. S. Hoffman, Evaluation of artificial surfaces using baboon arterio-venous shunt model, in: Biomaterials 1980, Advances in Biomaterials (G. D. Winter, D. F. Gibbons, and H. Plenk, Jr., eds.), Vol. 3, pp. 519–530, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, England (1982).
B. D. Ratner, ESCA studies of extracted polyurethanes and polyurethane extracts: Biomedical implications, in: Physicochemical Aspects of Polymer Surfaces (K. L. Mittal, ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 969–983, Plenum Press, New York (1983).
S. R. Hanson, L. A. Harker, B. D. Ratner, and A. S. Hoffman, In vivo evaluation of artificial surfaces with a nonhuman primate model of arterial thrombosis, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 95, 289–304 (1980).
B. D. Ratner, ESCA and SEM studies on polyurethanes for biomedical applications, in: Photon, Electron, and Ion Probes of Polymer Structure and Properties, ACS Symposium Series (D. W. Dwight, T. J. Fabish, and H. R. Thomas, eds.), Vol. 162, pp. 371–382, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1981).
C. B. Hu and C. S. P. Sung, Surface chemical composition-depth profile of polyether polyurethaneureas as studied by FT-IR and ESCA, Polym. Prepr., Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem. 21, 156–158 (1980).
K. Knutson and D. J. Lyman, The effect of polyether segment molecular weight on the bulk and surface morphologies of copolyether-urethane-ureas, in: Biomaterials: Interfacial Phenomena and Applications, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series (S. L. Cooper and N. A. Peppas, eds.), Vol. 199, pp. 109–132, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1982).
R. W. Paynter, B. D. Ratner, and H. R. Thomas, Polyurethane surfaces—An XPS study, Polym. Prepr., Am. Chem. Soc, Div. Polym. Chem. 24, 13–14 (1983).
E. W. Merrill, E. W. Salzman, S. Wan, N. Mahmud, L. Kushner, J. N. Lindon, and J. Curme, Platelet-compatible hydrophilic segmented polyurethanes from polyethylene glycols and cyclohexane diisocyanate, Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Int. Organs 28, 482–487 (1982).
S. W. Graham and D. M. Hercules, Surface spectroscopic studies of Biomer, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 15, 465–477 (1981).
M. D. Lelah, L. K. Lambrecht, B. R. Young, and S. L. Cooper, Physiochemical characterization and in vivo blood tolerability of cast and extruded Biomer, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 17, 1–22 (1983).
E. Nyilas, Development of blood-compatible elastomers. II. Performance of Avcothane blood contact surfaces in experimental animal implantations, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Symp. 3, 97–127 (1972).
E. Nyilas and R. S. Ward, Jr., Development of blood-compatible elastomers. V. Surface structure and blood compatibility of Avcothane elastomers, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Symp. 8, 69–84 (1977).
R. S. Ward, Jr., Development of thermoplastics for blood-contacting biomedical devices, ACS Div. Org. Coat. Plast. Chem., Prepr. 42, 227–231 (1980).
B. C. Arkles, IPN-modified silicone thermoplastics, Med. Dev. Diagnostics Ind. 5, 66–70 (1983).
B. Ashar, L. R. Turcotte, and L. A. Naturman, Development of a melt-processable copolymer for biomedical devices, Trans. Soc. Biomat. 5, 22 (1982).
R. S. Ward, P. Litwack, and R. Rodvien, Improved blood compatibility of modified thermoplastics, Trans. Soc. Biomat. 5, 46 (1982).
J. N. Mulvihill, J. P. Cazenave, A. Schmitt, P. Maisonneuve, and C. Pusineri, Biocompatibility and interfacial phenomena, Colloids and Surfaces 14, 317–324 (1985).
A. C. Beall, Biomaterials: Magnitude of the need, in: Contemporary Biomaterials: Material and Host Response, Clinical Applications, New Technology and Legal Aspects (J. W. Boretos and M. Eden, eds.), pp. 5–9, Noyes Publication, Park Ridge, New Jersey (1984).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ratner, B.D. (1987). Surface Contamination and Biomaterials. In: Mittal, K.L. (eds) Treatise on Clean Surface Technology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9126-5_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9126-5_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-9128-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-9126-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive