Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Role of Nerves in Accessory Limb Development

  • Chapter
Recent Trends in Regeneration Research

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSA,volume 172))

  • 57 Accesses

Summary

Accessory limbs are a type of ectopic supernumerary growth that may develop after trauma in urodeles. In the experiments described here, the removal of a patch of skin plus the reflection of a large nerve constituted the trauma that induced high proportion of growths in young axolotls. The regenerating axons of the reflected nerve supplied the necessary neurotrophic factor, and the Schwann cells of the same nerve may supply the mitotic cells for blastema formation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bodemer, C.W., 1958, The development of nerve induced supernumerary limbs in the adult newt, Triturus viridescens, J. Morph., 102:555–581.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bodemer, C.W., 1959, Observations on the mechanism of induction of supernumerary limbs in adult Triturus viridescens, J. Exp. Zool., 140:79–99.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bodemer, C.W., 1960, The importance of quantity of nerve fibers in development of nerve-induced supernumerary limbs in Triturus and enhancement of the nervous influence by tissue implants, J. Morph., 107:47–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Both, N.J. de, 1970, The developmental potencies of the regeneration blastema of the axolotl limb, Roux. Arch., 165:242–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Both, N.J. de, 1971, The regeneration territories — a critical note, Folia Morph., 19:177–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breedis, C., 1952, Induction of accessory limbs and of sarcoma in the newt (Triturus viridescens) with carcinogenic substances, Cancer Res., 12:861–873.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brockes, J.P., 1984, Mitogenic growth factors and nerve dependence of limb regeneration, Science, 225:1280–1287.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, S.V., D. Fyfe, and Singer, M., 1971, The effects of denervation on the ultrastructure of young limb regenerates in the newt, Triturus, Dev. Biol., 24:577–595.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bunge, R.P., 1983, Recent observations on the control of Schwann cell functions, Anat. Rec., (Suppl. 1):3–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, B.M., 1967, Studies on the mechanism of implant-induced supernumerary limb formation. I. Histology, J. Exp. Zool., 164:227–241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, B.M., and Morgan, CF., 1967, Studies on the mechanism of implant-induced supernumerary limb formation. II. The effect of heat treatment, lyophilization and homogenization on the inductive capacity of frog kidney, J. Exp. Zool., 164:243–249.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chalkley, D.T., 1954, A quantitative histological analysis of forelimb regeneration in Triturus viridescens, J. Morph., 92:21–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Egar, M.W., 1988a, Accessory limb production by nerve induced cell proliferation, Anat. Rec., 221:550–564.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egar, M.W., 1988b, Does the nerve have dual roles in the production of accessory limbs? in: “Regeneration and Development”, The Proceedings of the 6th International Marcus Singer Symposium, S. Inoue et al., eds., Okada. Printing Company, Maebashi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egar, M.W., and Singer, M., 1971, A quantitative electron microscope analysis of peripheral nerve in the urodele amphibian in relation to limb regenerative capacity, J. Morph., 133:387–397.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egar, M.W., McCredie, J., and Singer, M., 1982, New forelimb cartilage regeneration after partial denervation, Anat. Rec., 204:131–136.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egar, M.W., Wallace, H., and Singer, M., 1982, Partial denervation effects on limb cartilage regeneration, Anat. Embryol., 164:221–228.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geraudie, G., and Singer, M., 1981, Scanning electron microscopy of the normal and denervated limb regenerate in the newt, Notophthalmus, including observations on embryonic amphibian limb-bud mesenchyme and blastemas of fish-fin regenerates, Am. J. Anat., 162:73–87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lheureux, E., 1977, Importance des associations de tissus du membre dans le developpement des membres surnumeraires induits par deviation de nerf chez le triton Pleuro-deles waltlii Michah, J. Embryol. exp. Morph., 38:151–173.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maden, M., 1977, The role of Schwann cells in paradoxical regeneration in the axolotl, J. Embryol. exp. Morph., 41:1–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maden, M., 1981, Morphallaxis in an epimorphic system: size, growth control, and pattern formation during amphibian limb regeneration, J. Embryol. exp. Morph., 65:151–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maden, M., and Holder, N., 1984, Axial characteristics of nerve induced supernumerary limbs in the axolotl, Roux’s Arch. Dev. Biol., 193:394–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Namenwirth, M., 1974, The inheritance of cell differentiation during limb regeneration in the axolotl, Dev. Biol., 41:42–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, S., Holder, N., and Fernandes, M., 1983, The form and structure of supernumerary hindlimbs formed following skin grafting and nerve deviation in the newt Triturus cristatus, J. Embryol. exp. Morph., 77:221–241.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruben, L.N., 1959, The effects of implanting anuran cancer into non-regenerating and regenerating larval urodele limbs, J. Exp. Zool., 128:29–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruben, L.N., 1960, An immunological model of implant-induced supernumerary limb formation, Am. Nat., 94:427–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruben, L.N., and Frothingham, M.L., 1958, The importance of innervation and superficial wounding in urodele accessory limb formation, J. Morph., 102:91–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruben, L.N., and Stevens, J.M., 1963, Post-embryonic induction in urodele limbs, J. Morph., 112:279–301.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, M., 1952, The influence of the nerve in regeneration of the amphibian extremity, Quart. Rev. Biol., 27:169–200.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, M., and Steinberg, M., 1972, Wallerian degeneration: A re-evaluation based on transected and colchicine-poisoned nerves in the amphibian, Triturus, Am. J. Anat., 133:51–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, J., Ruben, L.N., Lockwood, D. and Rose, H., 1965, Implant-induced accessory limbs in urodeles: fresh, frozen and boiled tissues, J. Morph., 117:213–228.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tank, P.W., and Holder, N., 1981, Pattern regulation in the regenerating limbs of urodele amphibians, Quart. Rev. Biol., 56:113–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tassava, R.A., and Mescher, A.L., 1975, The role of injury, nerves and the wound epidermis during the initiation of amphibian limb regeneration, Differentiation, 4:23–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trampusch, H.A.L., and Harrebomee, A.E., 1969, Dedifferentia-tion and the interconvertibility of the different cell-types in the amphibian extremity, Acta Emb. Exp., 1969:35–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, C.S., and Thornton, M.T., 1964, The regeneration of accessory limb parts following epidermal cap transplantation in urodeles, Experientia, 21:146–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, H., 1972, The components of regrowing nerves which support the regeneration of irradiated salamander limbs, J. Embryol. exp. Morph., 28:419–435.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, H., 1981, “Vertebrate Limb Regeneration”, John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, B., and Wallace, H., 1973, Participation of grafted nerves in amphibian limb regeneration, J. Embryol. exp. Morph. 29:559–570.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, H., Maden, M., and Wallace, B., 1974, Participation of cartilage grafts in amphibian limb regeneration, J. Embryol. exp. Morph., 32:391–404.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46223, USA

    Margaret Wells Egar

Authors
  1. Margaret Wells Egar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    V. Kiortsis  & S. Koussoulakos  & 

  2. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

    H. Wallace

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Egar, M.W. (1989). The Role of Nerves in Accessory Limb Development. In: Kiortsis, V., Koussoulakos, S., Wallace, H. (eds) Recent Trends in Regeneration Research. NATO ASI Series, vol 172. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9057-2_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9057-2_26

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-9059-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-9057-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation