Summary
We describe a series of experiments designed to elucidate mechanisms which guide axons to their appropriate targets in the central and peripheral nervous systems of amphibia. In both systems it is evident that pathway guidance cues exist in the environment through which axons grow. In an initial attempt to examine guidance cues in the CNS at the cellular and molecular level we are focusing upon the role of radial glia and are examining neurite outgrowth within organ cultures and from explanted axolotl spinal cords.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bennett, M. and Raftos, J., 1977, The formation and regression of synapses during reinnervation of axolotl striated muscles, J. Physiol., 265:261–275.
Bidd, H.D., 1978, Neuronal death in the development of normal and hyperplastic spinal ganglia, J. Exp. Zool., 206:65–72.
Cass, D.T. and Mark, R.F., 1975, Reinnervation of axolotl limbs. 1. Motor nerves, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 190:45–58.
Clarke, J.D.W., Tonge, D.A. and Holder, N., 1986, Stage-dependent restoration of sensory dorsal columns following spinal cord transection in anuran tadpoles, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. 227:67–82.
Clarke, J.D.W., Alexander, R. and Holder, N., 1988, Regeneration of descending axons in the spinal cord of the axolotl, Neurosci. Lett., 89:1–6.
Forehand, C.J. and Farei, P.B., 1982, Anatomical and behavioural recovery from the effects of spinal cord transection: dependence on metamorphosis in anuran larvae, J. Neurosci., 2:654–662.
Gaze, R.M., 1959, Regeneration of the optic nerve in Xenopus laevis, O.J. Exp. Physiol., 44:290–308.
Grimm, L.M., 1981, An evaluation of myotopic respecification in axolotls, J. Exp. Zool., 178:479–496.
Holder, N., Mills, J. and Tonge, D.A., 1982, Selective reinnervation of skeletal muscle in the newt, Triturus cristatus, J. Physiol. 326:371–384.
Holder, N., Tonge, D.A. and Jesani, M., 1984, Directed regrowth of axons from a misrouted nerve to their correct muscles in the limb of the adult newt, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond.B. 222:477–489.
Holder, N., Clarke, J.D.W. and Tonge, D.A., 1987, Pathfinding by dorsal column axons in the spinal cord of the frog tadpole, Development, 99:577–587.
Holder, N. and Clarke, J.D.W., 1988, Is there a correlation between continuous neurogenesis and directed axon regeneration in the vertebrate nervous system? Tr. Neurosci., 11:94–99.
Hollyday, M., 1980, Organization of motor pools in the chick lumbar lateral motor column, J. Comp. Neurol., 194:143–170.
Hooker, D., 1925, Studies on regeneration in the spinal cord. III. Re-establishment of anatomical and physiological continuity after transection in frog tadpoles, J. Comp. Neurol., 38:315–347.
Hunter, K., Tonge, D.A. and Holder, N., 1988, In vitro neurite outgrowth from axolotl neurons, Neurosci. Lett. Sup., 32:S68.
Landmesser, L., 1978, The distribution of motor neurons supplying chick hindlimb muscles, J. Physiol., 284:371–389
Landmesser, L.T., 1984, The development of specific motor pathways in the chick embryo, Tr.Neurosci., 7:336–339.
Lyon, M.J. and Stelzner, D., 1987, Tests of the regenerative capacity of tectal efferent axons in the frog, Rana pipiens, J. Comp. Neurol., 255:511–525.
Mark, R.F., 1980, Synaptic repression at neuromuscular junctions, Physiol. Rev., 60:355–395.
McHanwell, S. and Biscoe, T.J., 1981, The localisation of motoneurons supplying hindlimb muscles of the mouse, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B., 293:477–508.
Miller, R.H. and Liuzzi, F.J., 1986, Regional specialisation of the radial glial cells of the adult frog spinal cord, J.Neurocytol., 15:187–196.
Olsen C.L. and Bunge, R.P., 1986, Requisites for growth and myelination of urodele sensory neurons in culture, J. Exp. Zool., 238:373–384.
Piatt, J., 1955, Regeneration of the spinal cord in the
Pierce, S.T., Bishop, A.K. and Thompson, J.M., 1988, Developmental patterns of neurite outgrowth from chick embryo spinal cord and retinal neurons on laminin substrates, Dev. Brain Res, 40:213–222.
Prestige, M.C., 1965, Cell turnover in the spinal ganglia of Xenopus laevis tadpoles, J. Embryol. exp. Morphol., 13:63–72.
Puckula, E. and Windle, W.F., 1977, The possibility of structural and functional restitution after spinal cord injury. A review, Exp. Neurol, 55:1–42.
Rakic, P., 1988, Specification of cerebral cortical areas, Science, 241:170–175.
Rogers, S.L., Letourneau, P.C., Peterson, B.A., Furcht, L.T. and McCarthy, J.B., 1987, Selective interaction of peripheral and central nervous system cells to two distinct cell binding domains of fibronectin, J. Cell Biol., 105:1435–1442.
Silver, J. and Rutishauser, U., 1984, Guidance of optic axons in vivo by a preformed adhesive pathway on neuroepithelial endfeet, Dev. Biol., 106:485–499.
Sperry, R.W., 1944, Optic nerve regeneration with return of vision in anurans, J. Neurophysiol., 7:57–69.
Stephens, N. and Holder, N., 1985, A horseradish peroxidase study of motor neuron pools of the forelimb and hindlimb musculature of the axolotl, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B., 224:325–339.
Stephens, N., Holder, N. and Maden, M., 1985, Motor neuron pools innervating muscles in vitamin A induced proximal-distal duplicate limbs in the axolotl, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 224:341–354.
Stephens, N. and Holder, N., 1987a, Reformation of the pattern of neuromuscular connections in the regenerated axolotl hindlimb, Development, 99:221–230.
Stephens, N. and Holder, N., 1987b, The pattern of innervation in serially duplicated axolotl limbs: Further evidence for the existence of local pathway cues? Development, 100:479–487.
Tonge, D.A., Clarke, J.D.W and Hunter, K., 1988, Axolotl spinal cord in vitro supports axon regeneration, Neurosci. Lett. Sup., 32:S68.
Tosney, K.W. and Landmesser, L.T., 1985, Specificity of early motoneuron growth cone outgrowth in the chick embryo, J. Neurosci., 5:355–366.
Wigston, D.J., 1980, Supression of sprouted synapses in axolotl muscle by transplanted foreign nerves, J. Physiol., 307:355–366.
Wilson, S. and Holder, N., 1988, Evidence for axonal decision regions in the axolotl peripheral nervous system, Development, 102:823–836.
Wilson, S., Jesani, M. and Holder, N., 1988, Reformation of specific neuromuscular connections during axolotl limb regeneration: evidence that the first contacts are correct, Development, 103: 365–377
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Holder, N., Clarke, J.D.W., Wilson, S., Hunter, K., Tonge, D.A. (1989). Mechanisms Controlling Directed Axon Regeneration in the Peripheral and Central Nervous Systems of Amphibians. In: Kiortsis, V., Koussoulakos, S., Wallace, H. (eds) Recent Trends in Regeneration Research. NATO ASI Series, vol 172. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9057-2_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9057-2_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-9059-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-9057-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive