Abstract
Sensory evoked potentials recorded from scalp electrodes represent electrical events generated along the sensory pathways. Thus, they provide data about the functions of specific areas of the nervous system in a noninvasive manner to determine the locus of alterations in sensory pathways. For example, changes in auditory brainstem response can localize abnormahties in neural functioning to several different areas of the brainstem. This paper describes the current experience using evoked potentials as objective measures of the level of neural function in comatose patients and their prognostic value in predicting recovery. The common denominator of measurement of sensory evoked potentials is usually the latency and, in some instances, the amplitudes of the various subcomponents or waves comprising an evoked potential, and defining if these measures are within normal limits.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson DC, Bundlie S, Rockswold GL: Multimodality evoked potentials in closed head trauma. Arch Neurol 41:369–374, 1984.
Arfel G, Albe-Fessard D, Walter St: Evoked potentials in coma (abstract). Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 25:93, 1968.
De la Torre JC, Trimble JL, Beard RT, Hanlon K, Surgeon JW: Somatosensory evoked potentials for the prognosis of coma in humans. Experimental Neurol 60:304–317, 1978.
Frank LM, Furgiuele TL, Etheridge Jr JE: Prediction of chronic vegetative state in children using evoked potentials. Neurology 35:931–934, 1985.
Greenberg RP, Mayer DJ, Becker DP, Miller JD: Evaluation of brain function in severe human head trauma with multimodahty evoked potentials Part L Evoked brain injury potentials, methods, and analysis. J Neurosurg 47:150–162, 1977.
Greenberg RP, Mayer DJ, Becker DP, Miller JD: Evaluation of brain function in severe human head trauma with multimodality evoked potentials Part II: Localization of brain dysfunction and correlation with posttraumatic neurological conditions. J Neurosurg 47:163–177, 1977.
Greenberg RP, Newlon PG, Hyatt MS, Narayan RK, Becker DP: Prognostic implications of early multimodality evoked potentials in severely headinjured patients: A prospective study. J Neurosurg 55:227–236, 1981.
Goldie WD, Chiappa KH, Young RR, Brooks EB: Brainstem auditory and shortlatency somatosensory evoked responses in brain death. Neurology 31:248–256, 1981.
Hall JW, Huang-fu M, Gennarelli TA: Auditory function in acute severe head injury. Laryngoscope 92:883–890, 1982.
Hume AL, Cant BR: Central somatosensory conduction time after head injury. Ann Neurol 10:411–419, 1981.
Jain S, Maheshwari MC: Brainstem auditory evoked responses in coma due to meningen- cephalitis. Acta Neurol Scand 69:163–167, 1984.
Jennett G and Bond M: Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage: A practical scale. Lancet 1:480–484, 1975.
Karnaze DS, Marshall LF, McCarthy CS, Klauber MR, Bickford RG: Localizing and prognostic value of auditory evoked responses in coma after closed head trauma. Neurology 32:299–302, 1982.
Karnaze DS, Weiner JM, Marshall LF: Auditory evoked potentials in coma after closed head injury: A clinical-neurophysiologic coma scale for predicting outcome. Neurology 35: 1122–1126, 1985.
Lindsay KW, Carlin J, Kennedy I, Mclnnes A, Teasdale GM: Evoked potentials in severe head injury analysis and relation to outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 44:796–802, 1981.
Lott IT, McPherson DL, Starr A: Cerebral cortical contributions to sensory evoked potentials, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, in Press.
Lumenta CB: Measurements of brain-stem auditory evoked potentials in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 60:548–302, 1984.
Lutschg J, Pfenninger J, Ludin HP, Vassella F: Brainstem auditory evoked potentials and early somatosensory evoked potentials in neurointensively treated comatose children. Am J Dis Child 137:421–426, 1983.
Narayan RK, Greenberg RP, Miller JD, Enas GG, Choi SC, Kishore PRS, Selhorst JB, Lutz HA, Becker DP: Improved confidence of outcome prediction in severe head injury: A comparative analysis of the clinical examination, multimodality evoked potentials, CT scanning, and intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg 54:751–762, 1981.
Newlon PG, Greenberg RP, Hyatt MS, Enas GG, Becker DP: The dynamics of neuronal dysfunction and recovery following severe head injury assessed with serial multimodality evoked potentials. J Neurosurg 57:168–177, 1982.
Pfurtscheller G, Schwarz G, Gravestein N: Clinical relevance of longlatency SEPs and VEPs during coma and emergence from coma. Electoencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 62:88–98, 1985.
Picton T, Hillyard SA, Krausz HI, Galambos R: Human auditory evoked potentials: Evaluation of components, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 36:179–190, 1974.
Rosenberg C, Wogenson K, Starr A: Auditory brainstem and middle- and long latency evoked potentials in coma. Arch Neurology 41:835–838, 1984.
Seales DM, Rossiter MA, Weinsten ME: Brainstem auditory evoked responses in patients comatose as a result of blunt head trauma. J Trauma 19:347–353, 1979.
Starr A: Auditory brainstem responses in brain death. Brain 99:543–554, 1976.
Steinhart CM, Weiss IP: Use of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in pedriatric brain death. Critical Care Med 13:560–562, 1985.
Strickbine-Von Reet P, Glaze DG, Hrachovy RA: A preliminary prospective neurophysio- logical study of coma in children. Am J Dis Child 138:492–495, 1984.
Teasdale G and Jennett B: Assessment of coma and impaired conciousness: A practical scale. Lancet 2:81–84, 1974.
Trojaborg W, Jorgensen EO: Evoked cortical potentials in patients with “isoelectric” EEGs. Electroencephalogr Clin Electrophysiol 35:301–309, 1973.
Tsubokawa T, Nishimoto H, Yamamoto T, Kitamura M, Katayama Y, Moriyasu N: Assessment of brainstem damage by the auditory brainstem response in acute severe head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 43:1005–1011, 1980.
Uziel A, Benezech J, Lorenzo S, Monstrey Y, Duboin MP, Roquefeuil B: Clinical appHca- tions of evoked auditory potentials in comatose patients. In: Clinical Applications of Evoked Potentials in Neurology (eds) J Courjon, F Mauguiere and M Revol, Raven Press, New York, 195–202, 1982.
Vaugh HG, Ritter W: The sources of auditory evoked responses recorded from the human scalp, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 28:360–367, 1970.
Walser H, Mattle H, Keller HM, Janzer R: Early cortical median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials: Prognostic value in anoxic coma. Arch Neurol, 42:32–38, 1985.
Zeneroli ML, Pinelli G, Gollini, Penne A, Messori E, Zani G, Ventura E: Visual evoked potential: a diagnostic tool for the assessment of hepatic encephalopathy. Gut 25:291–299, 1984.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rosenberg, C., Starr, A. (1989). Sensory Evoked Potentials in Coma and Brain Death. In: Lüders, H. (eds) Advanced Evoked Potentials. Topics in Neurosurgery, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9007-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9007-7_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-9009-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-9007-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive