Abstract
Crystalline electric field (CEF) effects in f-band materials are often most dramatically evident in that class of systems where the lowest lying sublevel is a singlet. Although this ground state is necessarily non-magnetic, i.e. <1|Jz|1> = 0, mixing of this state with excited states within the Hund’s rule multiplet is often strong enough to magnetically polarize the ground state, i.e.<1|Jz|1> ≠ 0, where |1’> represents the perturbed ground state1,2. This ground state moment can couple with others, giving rise to magnetic order for the system. Generally, the coupling is weak, and these systems (called induced moment systems) tend to order at rather low temperatures. Accompanying the low ordering temperature is a rather small spontaneous moment. In addition the low temperature magnetization falls far short of the maximum saturated free ion value, even in high magnetic fields. In singlet systems which can develop quadrupole moments through an overcritical admixture of ground and excited states, structural transitions can occur. In addition, for metallic systems, aspherical Coulomb scattering provides an additional avenue for quadrupolar coupling. Ott3 has given a review of these effects, which represent structural analogues to the type of phenomena discussed here.
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Guertin, R.P. (1982). Pressure Induced Changes in the Magnetism of Crystal Field Split Systems. In: Guertin, R.P., Suski, W., Zołnierek, Z. (eds) Crystalline Electric Field Effects in f-Electron Magnetism. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8646-9_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8646-9_3
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