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The Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean pp 325–420Cite as

The Northern Termination of the Andes

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Abstract

In terms of topography, the northernmost extensions of the Andes branch into long fingerlike ranges separated by low-lying sediment-filled basins. Geologic definition of the northern Andes is a far more complex problem. For many, the term “Andes” has the connotation of Tertiary block uplifts or Germano-type orogeny, in contrast to the orogenic model associated with island arcs. It is common practice, therefore, to regard the Southern Caribbean Mountains, i.e., the coastal ranges of northern Venezuela and Trinidad, as having affinities with the Caribbean Island Arc, whereas the Mérida ranges are classed as Andean. There are others such as Gansser (1973) who include all ranges on the continental mainland as Andean and consider the Caribbean Island Arc to begin at the southernmost of the Lesser Antilles. On the gross scale of this report, the two kinds of orogenic belt are closely associated in space: With allowance for major lateral offsets, one may claim geologic continuity from the lesser Antilles into the northern ranges of Trinidad-Venezuela and thence into the Guajira Peninsula and the northwestern apex of the Santa Marta block continuing into the Cordillera Central (cf. Alvarez, 1971). It has been an arbitrary decision on my part to exclude from discussion here the northern ranges of Trinidad-Venezuela and the Guajira Peninsula. For convenience, the southern limit of the region under discussion has been set at the latitude of Bogotá (4°40’ N).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel

    Reginald Shagam

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  1. Reginald Shagam
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

    Alan E. M. Nairn

  2. Department of Geology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Francis G. Stehli

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© 1975 Plenum Press, New York

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Shagam, R. (1975). The Northern Termination of the Andes. In: Nairn, A.E.M., Stehli, F.G. (eds) The Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8535-6_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8535-6_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-8537-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-8535-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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