Abstract
“My principal thesis today will be that the input is never into a quiescent or static system, but always into a system which is already actively excited and organized. In the intact organism behavior is the result of interaction of this background of excitation with input from any designated stimulus. Only when we can state the general characteristics of this background of excitation, can we understand the effects of a given input” (Lashley, 1951, p.112).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bechterev, V. M. General principles of human reflexology. New York: International Publishers, 1932. (Republished: New York: Arno Press, 1973).
Berlyne, D. E. Conflict, arousal and curiosity. New York: McGraw- Hill, 1960.
Bykov, K. M. (Ed.). Text-book of physiology. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1958.
Humphrey, G. Thinking. London: Methuen, 1951.
Lashley, K. S. The problem of serial order in behavior. In L. A. Jeffress (Ed.), Cerebral mechanisms in behavior. New York: Wiley, 1951.
Luria, A. R., & Vinogradova, O. S. An objective investigation of the dynamics of semantic systems. British Journal of Psychology, 1959, 50, 89–105.
Maltzman, I. Orienting reflexes and classical conditioning in humans. In H. D. Kimmel, E. H. van, and J. F. Orlebeke (Eds.), The orienting reflex in humans. New York: Erlbaum, 1979. (a)
Maltzman, I. Orienting reflexes and significance; A reply to O. Gorman. Psychophysiology, 1979, L6, 274–283. (b)
Maltzman, I., & Raskin, D. C. Effects of individual differences in the orienting reflex on conditioning and complex processes.
Maltzman, I., Raskin, D. C., & Wolff, C. Latent inhibition of the GSR conditioned to words. Physiological Psychology, 1979, 7, 193–203.
Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H. The measurement of meaning. Urbana, 111.: University of Illinois, 1957.
Razran, G. The observable unconscious and the inferable conscious in current Soviet psycho-physiology: Interoceptive conditioning, semantic conditioning, and the orienting reflex. Psychological Review, 1961, 68, 81–147.
Rusinov, V. S. The dominant focus. New York: Consultants Bureau, 1973.
Voronin, L. G., Leontiev, A. N., Luria, A. R., Sokolov, E. N., & Vinogradova, O. S. (Eds.), Orienting reflex and exploratory behavior. Washington, D. C.: American Institute for Biological Sciences, 1965.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Maltzman, I. (1985). Some Characteristics of Orienting Reflexes. In: Pichot, P., Berner, P., Wolf, R., Thau, K. (eds) Biological Psychiatry, Higher Nervous Activity. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8329-1_136
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8329-1_136
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-8331-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-8329-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive