Abstract
Biochemists have long been aware that the assimilation by the human body of essential trace elements takes place in certain preferred chemical forms. Cobalamin, the glucose tolerance factor, and heme iron, for example, are the favoured forms of cobalt, chromium, and iron, respectively. Elements may be classified as either essential, such as Cu, Zn, Cr, Mo, V, Mn, Sn, Fe, Ni, Co, and Se or non-essential, Ag, Cd, Hg, Tl, Pb and As. Excesses of either class can be toxic, although in general, the non-essential elements are of greater toxicity, and as with bioavailability, this toxicity will be a function of chemical form.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson, D.M., and Morel, F.M.M., 1978, Copper sensitivity of Gonyaulax tamarensis, Limnol. Oceanogr., 23: 283.
Andrew, R.W., Biesinger, K.E., and Glass, G.E., 1977, Effects of inorganic complexing on the toxicity of copper to Daphnia magna, Water Res., 11: 309.
Anon.,1980, Metallothionein in trace metal metabolism, Nutr. Rev., 38: 286.
Baier, R.W., 1977, Lead distribution in the Cape Fear River estuary, J. Environ. Qual., 6: 205.
Batley, G.E., 1981, Electroanalytical techniques for the determination of heavy metals in seawater, Mar. Chem., in press.
Batley, G.E.,and Farrar, Y.J., 1978, Irradiation techniques for the release of bound heavy metals in natural waters and blood, Anal. Chim. Acta., 99: 288.
Batley, G.E.,and Florence, T.M., 1974, An evaluation and comparison of some techniques of anodic stripping voltammetry, J. Electroanal. Chem., 55: 23.
Batley, G.E., and Florence, T.M., 1976, Determination of the chemical forms of dissolved cadmium, lead and copper in seawater, Mar. Chem., 4: 347.
Batley, G.E., and Gardner, D., 1978, A study of copper, lead and cadmium speciation in some estuarine and coastal marine waters, Estuarine Coastal Mar. Sci., 7: 59.
Benes, P., and Steinnes, E., 1974, In situ dialysis for the determination of the state of trace elements in natural waters, Water Res., 8: 947.
Benes, P., and Steinnes, E., 1975, Migration forms of trace elements in natural fresh waters and the effect of the water storage, Water Res., 9: 741.
Betz, M., 1979, Separation of naturally occurring high molecular weight complexes from seawater, Mar. Chem., 7: 165.
Brown, S.D., and Kowalski, B.R., 1974, Pseudopolarographic determination of metal complex stability constants in dilute solution by rapid scan anodic stripping voltammetry, Anal. Chem., 51: 2133.
Cassidy, R.M., and Elchuck, S., 1980, Trace enrichment methods for the determination of metal ions by high performance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 18: 217.
Chau, Y.K., and Wong, P.T.S., 1981, Some environmental aspects of organo-arsenic, lead and tin. Proceedings of a N.B.S. Workshop on Environmental Speciation and Monitoring Needs for Trace Metal Containing Substances from Energy-Related Processes, Washington, D.C., 1981, in press.
Davis, J.A., and Leckie, J.O., 1978, Effect of adsorbed complexing liquids on trace metal uptake by hydrous oxides, Environ. Sci. Technol., 12: 1309.
Figura, P., and McDuffie, B., 1980, Determination of the labilities of soluble trace metal species in aqueous environmental samples by anodic stripping voltammetry and Chelex column and batch methods, Anal. Chem., 52: 1433.
Filby, R.H., Shah, K.R., and Funk, W.H., 1974, Role of neutron act- ivation analysis in the study of heavy metal pollution of a lake-river system, in: “Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Nuclear Methods in Environ. Res.”, J.R. Vogt and W. Meyer, eds., NTIS, Springfield, Va.
Florence, T.M., 1977, Trace metal species in fresh waters, Water Res., 11: 681.
Florence, T.M., and Batley, G.E., 1980, Chemical speciation in natural waters, CRC Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 9: 219.
Florence, T.M., and Batley, G.E., 1981, A new scheme for chemical speciation of copper, lead, cadmium and zinc in seawater, in: “Proceedings of an International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment”, Amsterdam, in press.
Foster, E.O., and Morris, A.W., 1971, The seasonal variations of dissolved ionic and organically associated copper in the Menni Straits, Deep-Sea Res., 18: 231.
Giesy, J.P., and Briese, L.A., 1977, Trace metal transport by particulates and organic carbon in two South Carolina streams. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol., 20: 1401.
Gjessing, E.T., 1965, Use of “Sephadex” gel for the estimation of molecular weight of humic substances in natural water, Nature, 208: 1091.
Gnassia-Barelli, M., Romeo, M., Laumond, F., and Pesando, D., 1978, Experimental studies on the relationship between natural copper complexes and their toxicity to phytoplankton, Mar. Biol., 47: 15.
Great Lakes Science Advisory Board, 1980, International Joint Commission Report of the Aquatic Ecosystem Objectives Committee, pp. 63.
Green, D.E., Fry, M., and Blondin, G.A., 1980, Phospholipids as the molecular instruments of ion and solute transport in biological membranes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77: 257.
Harrison, R.M., and Laxen, D.P.H., 1980, Physicochemical speciation of lead in drinking water, Nature, 286: 791.
Hart, B.T., and Davies, S.H., 1977a, A new dialysis-ion exchange technique for determining the forms of trace metals in water. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res., 28: 105.
Hart, B.T., and Davies, S.H., 1977b, A batch method for the determination of ion-exchangeable trace metals in natural waters. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res., 28: 397.
Hart, B.T., and Davies, S.H., 1981, Trace metal speciation in the freshwater and estuarine regions of the Yarra River, Victoria, Estuarine Coastal Mar. Sci., 12: 353.
Harvey, G.R., Boren, D.A., and Tokar, J.M., 1981, Structures of seawater fulvic and humic acids derived from proton NMR studies and historical data, Mar. Chem., in press.
Hoffman, M.R., Yost, E.C., Eisenreich, S.J., and Maier, W.J., 1981, Characterization of soluble and colloid-phase metal complexes in river water by ultrafiltration. A mass-balance approach, Environ. Sci. Technol., 15: 655.
Jackson, G.A., and Morgan, J.J., 1978, Trace metal-chelator interactions and phytoplankton growth in seawater media: Theoretical analysis and comparison with reported observations, Limnol. Oceanogr., 23: 268.
Jenne, E.A., ed., 1979, Chemical modeling in aqueous systems-speciation, sorption, solubility and kinetics, A.C.S. Symposium Series 93, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Klapow, L.A., and Lewis, R.H., 1979, Analysis of toxicity data for California marine water quality standards, Jour. Water Poll. Control Fed., 51: 2054.
Lee, J., 1979, A scheme for the separation and characterization of possible metal-organic species in natural waters: some preliminary data, Geol. Surv. Can., Paper 79: 121.
Lee, J., 1981, The use of reverse phase liquid chromatography for studying trace metal-organic associations in natural waters, Water Res., 15: 507.
Leonard, J.D., and Crewe, N., 1981, Study on the extraction of organic compounds from seawater with XAD-2 resin, in: Proceedings of a Marine Chemistry Symposium, Halifax, N.S., Canada, June, p. 2.
Leppard, G.G., Massalski, A., and Lean, D.R.S., 1977, Electron-opaque microscopic fibrils in lakes: their demonstration, their biological derivation and their potential significance in the redistribution of cations, Protoplasma, 92: 289.
McKnight, D.M., and Morel, F.M.M., 1980, Copper complexation by siderophores from filamentous blue-green algae, Limnol. Oceanogr., 25: 62.
Mantoura, R.F.C., 1979, Organometallic interactions in natural waters: a review, in: “Organic Chemistry of Sea Water”, E.K. Duursma and R. Dawson, eds., Elsevier Oceanography Series, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Montgomery, J.R., and Santiago, R.J., 1978, Zinc and copper in ‘particulate’ forms and ’soluble’ complexes with inorganic and organic ligands in the Guanajíbo River and coastal zone, Puerto Rico, Estuarine Coastal Mar. Sci., 6: 111.
Ovchinnikov, Y.A., 1979, Physico-chemical basis of ion transport through biological membranes: Ionophores and ion channels, Eur. J. Biochem., 94: 321.
Pankow, J.F., Leta, D.P., Lin, J.W., Ohl, S.E., Shum, W.P., and Janauer, G.E., 1977, Analysis for chromium traces in the aquatic ecosystem, Sci. Total Environm., 7: 17.
Piotrowicz, S.R., Harvey, G.R., Springer-Young, M., Courant, R.A., and Boren, D.A., 1981, Studies of cadmium, copper and zinc complexation by marine fulvic and humic materials in seawater using anodic stripping voltammetry, in: “Trace Metals in Sea-water”, C.S. Wong, J.D. Burton, E.Boyle, K. Bruland, and E.D. Goldberg, eds., Plenum, N.Y.
Raspor, B., Valenta, P., Nürnberg, H.W., and Branica, M., 1978, The chelation of cadmium with NTA in seawater as a model for the typical behaviour of trace metal chelates in natural waters, Sci. Total Environm., 9: 87.
Selwyn, M.J., and Dawson, A.P., 1977, Model membranes and transport systems, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 5: 628.
Sharp, J.H., 1973, Size classes of organic carbon in seawater, Limnol. Oceanogr., 17: 494.
Shuman, M.S., and Michael, L.C., 1978, Application of the rotated disk electrode to measurement of copper complex dissociation rate constants in marine coastal samples, Environ. Sci. Technol., 12: 1069.
Skogerboe, R.K., Wilson, S.A., and Osteryoung, J.G., 1980, Exchange of comments on scheme for classification of heavy metal species in natural waters, Anal. Chem., 52: 1960.
Slowey, J.F., Jeffrey, L.M., and Hood, D.W., 1967, Evidence for organic complexed copper in sea water, Nature, 214: 377.
Smith, R.G., 1976, Evaluation of combined applications of ultrafiltration and complexation capacity techniques to natural waters, Anal. Chem., 48: 74.
Steinberg, C., 1980, Species of dissolved metals derived from oligotrophic hard water, Water Res., 14: 1239.
Sugimura, Y., Suzuki, Y., and Miyake, Y., 1978, Chemical forms of minor metallic elements in the ocean, J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 34: 93.
Sylva, R.N., and Davidson, M.R., 1979, The hydrolysis of metal ions. Part I. Copper ( II ), J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 232.
Van den Berg, C.M.G., Wong, P.T.S., and Chau, Y.K., 1979, Measurement of complexing materials excreted from algae and their ability to ameliorate copper toxicity, J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 36: 901.
Wershaw, R.L., and Pickney, D.J., 1977, Chemical structure of humic acids, Part 2. The molecular aggregation of some humic acid fractions in N, N-dimethylformamide, J. Res. U.S. Geol. Surv., 5: 571.
Whitfield, M., and Turner, D.R., 1979, Critical assessment of the relationship between biological, thermodynamic and electrochemical availability, in: “Chemical Modeling in Aqueous Systems“, E.A. Jenne, ed., ACS Symposium Series 93, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Young, J., Gurtisen, J.M., Apts, C.W., and Crecelius, E.A., 1979, The relationship between the copper complexing capacity of seawater and copper toxicity in shrimp zoeae, Mar. Environ. Res., 2: 265.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Batley, G.E. (1983). The Current Status of Trace Element Speciation Studies in Natural Waters. In: Leppard, G.G. (eds) Trace Element Speciation in Surface Waters and Its Ecological Implications. NATO Conference Series, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8234-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8234-8_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-8236-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-8234-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive