Skip to main content

Suture-Zones of Hybrid Interaction Between Recently Joined Biotas

  • Chapter

Abstract

From a study of the geographic occurrences of contemporary hybridization among North American animals, it has become apparent that most of the hybrids are produced in a few relatively localized zones, with little hybridizing in the vast areas between these zones of mixing. The hybrids tend to be at least moderately fertile and therefore to be a source of significant gene exchange between the typically allopatric pairs of species and semispecies. There is a wide variety of consequences from this introgression, with greater or lesser influence on the parental populations, and large portions of the fauna and probably flora are involved. An appropriate term for such a belt of interfaunal and interfloral linkage is suture-zone.1

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aldrich, J. W. 1943. Relationships of the Canada Jays in the Northwest. Wilson Bull., 55:217–222, 1 pl., 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, G. 1945. Natural hybrids between Dendroica coronata and D. auduboni. Auk, 62: 623–626.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, R. D., and T. E. Moore. 1962. The evolutionary relationships of 17-year and 13-year cicadas, and three new species (Homoptera, Cicadidae, Magi-cicada). Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool., Misc. Publ. 121:59, 1 pl., 10 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Ornithologists’ Union. 1957. Check-list of North American Birds, 5th ed. Baltimore, American Ornithologists’ Union. 691 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, E. 1948. Hybridization of the habitat. Evolution, 2:1–9, 1 fig.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, E.. 1949. Introgressive Hybridization. New York, Wiley. 109 pp., 23 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, E.. 1953. Introgressive hybridization. Bot. Rev., 28: 280–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atwood, W. W. 1940. The Physiographic Provinces of North America. Boston, Ginn. 536 pp., map, 5 pls., 281 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, V. 1928. A hybrid Scaled X Gambel’s Quail from New Mexico. Auk, 45: 210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, C. L. 1947. The species of Amphiumae. J. Tennessee Acad. Sci., 22:9–21, 8 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banks, R. C., and N. K. Johnson, 1961. A review of North American hybrid hummingbirds. Condor, 63:3–28, 1 pl., 4 figs. 236–312 num. figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barr, A. R., and P. R. Ehrlich. 1958. Mosquito records from the Chukchi sea coast of northwestern Alaska. Mosquito News, 18: 12–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H. 1912. A History of British Mammals, vol. 2:236¬312, num. figs. London, Gurney and Jackson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartram, W. 1791. Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the extensive territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chacktaws. Philadelphia. 522 PP., 8 pis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, D. L. 1954. An apparent hybrid Limenitis from Arizona. Lepid. News, 8: 129–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beilmann, A. P., and L. G. Brenner. 1951. The recent intrusion of forests in the Ozarks. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden, 38: 261–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bent, A. C. 1940. Life histories of North American cuckoos, goatsuckers, hum¬mingbirds and their allies. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull., 176:506. 73 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, A. J. 1958. The Golden-winged-Blue-winged Warbler complex in Michigan and the Great Lakes area. Jack-Pine Warbler, 36: 37–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bessey, C. E. 1905. Plant migration studies. Univ. Nebraska Stud., 5:11–37. 67 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birch, L. C. 1961. Natural selection between two species of tephritid fruit fly of the genus Dacus. Evolution, 15:360–374, 14 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birch, L. C.. 1965. Evolutionary opportunity for insects and mammals in Australia. In

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, H. G., and G. L. Stebbins, eds., The Genetics of Colonizing Species. 197¬211, 2 figs. New York, Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, A. P. 1941. Variation, isolating mechanisms, and hybridization in certain toads. Genetics, 26:398–417, 6 figs.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blair, A. P.. 1947. Variation of two characters in Bufo fowleri and Bufo americanus. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 1343: 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, A. P. and H. L. Lindsay, Jr. 1965. Color pattern variation and distribution of two large Plethodon salamanders endemic to the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma and Arkansas. Copeia, 1965:331–335, 1 fig.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blair, W. F. 1951. Interbreeding of natural populations of vertebrates. Amer. Nat., 85: 9–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blair, W. F.. 1956. Call difference as an isolation mechanism in southwestern toads (genus Bufo). Texas J. Sci., 8:87–106, 5 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, W. F. 1958. Distributional patterns of vertebrates in the southern United States in relation to past and present environments. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Publ., 51: 433–468, 11 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, W. F.. 1959. Genetic compatibility and species groups in U.S. toads (Bufo). Texas J. Sci., 11:427–453, 5 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, W. F.. 1965. Amphibian speciation. In Wright, H. E., Jr., and D. G. Frey, eds., The Quaternary of the United States, 543–556, 4 figs. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, W. F., A. P. Blair, P. Brodkorb, F. R. Cagle, and G. A. Moore. 1957. Verte brates of the United States. New York, McGraw-Hill. 819 pp., 426 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, W. F., and M. J. Littlejohn. 1960. Stage of speciation of two allopatric popula tions of chorus frogs ( Pseudacris ). Evolution, 14: 82–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, E. L. 1950. Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America. Philadelphia, Blakiston. 596 pp. num-figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun, E. L. 1955. The phytogeography of unglaciated eastern United States and its interpretation. Bot. Rev., 21: 297–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brayshaw, T. C. 1965. The status of the Black Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torrey and Gray). Canad. Field-nat., 79:91–95, 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brayshaw, T. C. 1966. Native poplars of southern Alberta and their hybrids. Canada Dept. Forestry Publ., 1109:40, 21 figs., 1 pl.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, R. D. 1963. Ecological and reproductive relationship of Black-capped and Carolina Chickadees. Auk. 80:9–47, 2 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broecker, W. S., and W. R. Farrand. 1963. Radiocarbon age of the Two Creeks forest bed, Wisconsin. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 74:795–802, 3 figs.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bromley, S. W. 1935. The original forest types of southern New England. Ecol. Monogr., 5:61–89, 8 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, C. E. P. 1951. Geological and historical aspects of climatic change. In Malone, T. F., Compendium of Meteorology. 1004–1018, 4 figs. Boston, Ameri¬can Meteorological Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, C. F., A. J. Connor, et al. 1936. Climatic Maps of North America. Cam bridge, Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory Harvard Univ. 1 p., 27 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brower, L. P. 1959. Speciation in butterflies of the Papilio glaucus group. I. Morphological relationships and hybridization. Evolution, 13:40–63, 8 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, C. 1934. Notes on Basilarchia lorquini Bdv., form fridayi Gund. ( Lepid.: Nymphalidae). Entomol. News, 45: 205–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burbidge, N. T. 1960. The phytogeography of the Australian region. Australian J. Bot., 8:75–211, 12 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burleigh, T. D. 1958. Georgia Birds. Norman, Univ Oklahoma Press. 746 pp., 48 pls., 15 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns, J. M. 1964. Evolution in skipper butterflies of the genus Erynnis. Berkeley, Univ. California Publ. Entomol., 37:216 pp., 1 pl., 24 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buses, G. L. 1966. The taxonomy, cytology, and evolution of the genus Rhagoletis in North America (Diptera, Tephritidae). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 134:431–562, 237 figs., 14 maps.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, P. 1959. Palynological studies of the Barnstable Marsh, Cape Cod, Mas¬sachusetts. Ecology, 40:735–737, 1 fig.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byers, C. F. 1940. A study of the dragonflies of the genus Progomphus (Gomp¬hoides) with a description of a new species. Proc. Florida Acad. Sci., 4:19–85, 6 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carl, C. F., C. J. Guiguet, and G. A. Hardy. 1952. A natural history survey of the Manning Park area, British Columbia. Occ. Papers British Columbia Prov. Mus., 9:130 pp., 22 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, A. F., Jr., and C. J. Goin. 1955. Guide to the Reptiles, Amphibians and Fresh-water Fishes of Florida. Gainesville, Univ. Florida Press. 341 pp., 67 pls., 30 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, F. M. 1924. Criteria for the determination of subspecies in systematic ornithology. Auk, 41: 17–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chermock, R. L. 1950. A generic revision of the Limenitini of the world. Amer. Midl. Nat., 43:513–569, 68 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clench, H. K. 1958. [Review of] Brown, F. M., et al., Colorado Butterflies. Part III. Lepid. News, 11: 57–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, T. J. 1965. The arid-land katydids of the North American genus Neobar¬rettia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): their systematics and a reconstruction of their history. Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool., Misc. Publ., 126:179 pp., 1 pl., 24 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Common, I. F. B. 1964. Australian Butterflies. Brisbane, Jacaranda Press. 131 pp., 509 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conant, R. 1943. The Milk Snakes of the Atlantic coastal plain. Proc. New England Zool. Club, 22:3–34, pls. 2–4, 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conant, R.. 1965. Miscellaneous notes-and comments on toads, lizards, and snakes from Mexico. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2205:38, 13 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooke, C. W. 1945. Geology of Florida. Florida Geol. Surv. Geol. Bull., 29:339, 1 pl., 47 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, W. 1810. A Guide to the Wilderness. Dublin, Gilbert and Hodges. 41 pp. Cory, L., and J. J. Manion. 1955. Ecology and hybridization in the genus Bufo in the Michigan-Indiana region. Evolution, 9:42–51, 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cottam, W. P., J. M. Tucker, and R. Drobnick. 1959. Some clues to Great Basin postpluvial climates provided by oak distributions. Ecology, 40:361–377, 6 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowan, I. M. 1940. Distribution and variation in the native sheep of North Amer ica. Amer. Midl. Nat., 24:505–580, 4 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowan, I. M., and C. J. Guiguet. 1956. The mammals of British Columbia. British Columbia Prov. Mus. Handb., 11:413, num. figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, D. D. 1959. Some postglaciai forests in central and eastern New York state as determined by the method of pollen analysis. Bull. New York State Mus. Sci. Serv., 377:52, 19 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, D. D., and D. M. Lewis. 1965. Pollen studies in the Crusoe Lake area of pre historic Indian occupation. Bull. New York State Mus. Sci. Serv., 397:29, 7 figs. CRENSHAW, J. W. 1965. Serum protein variation in an interspecies hybrid swarm of turtles of the genus Pseudemys. Evolution, 19:1. -15, 4 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, J. T. 1959. The Vegetation of Wisconsin. Madison, Univ. Wisconsin Press. 629 pp., 66 pls., 88 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cushing, E. J. 1965. Problems in Quaternary phytogeography of the Great Lakes region. In Wright, H. E., Jr., and D. G. Frey, eds., The Quaternary of the United States: 403–416, 3 figs. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalquest, W. W. 1948. Mammals of Washington. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:1–444, 140 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darlington, H. C. 1943. Vegetation and substrate of Cranberry Glades, West Virginia. Bot. Gaz., 104:371–393, 17 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J. H., Jr. 1946. The peat deposits of Florida, their occurrence, development, and uses. Florida Geol. Surv., Geol. Bull., 30:247, 1 pl., 36 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. B. 1958. Three pollen diagrams from central Massachusetts. Amer. J. Sci., 256:540–570, 4 pls., 8 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. B.. 1961. Pollen diagrams as evidence of late-glacial climatic change in southern New England. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 95:623–631, 2 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. B.. 1963. On the theory of pollen analysis. Amer. J. Sci., 261:897–912, 1 fig.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. B. . 1965. Phytogeography and palynology of northeastern United States. In

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, H. E., Jr., and D. G. Frey, eds., The Quaternary of the United States: 377–401, 4 figs. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. B., and J. C. Goodlett. 1960. Comparison of the present vegetation with pollen-spectra in surface samples from Brownington Pond, Vermont. Ecology, 41:346–357, 6 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, R. J. 1952. Flora of Idaho. Dubuque, W. C. Brown. 828 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, W. B. 1944. Notes on Mexican mammals J Mamm. 24:370–403, 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, W. B. 1960. The mammals of Texas. Texas Game Fish Comm. Bull., 41:252, 73 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, G. M. 1953. The Indian as an ecological factor in the northeast forest. Ecology, 34: 329–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deevey, E. S., Jr. 1939. Studies on Connecticut lake sediments. I. A. postglacial chronology for southern New England. Amer. J. Sci., 237:691–724, 11 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deevey, E. S., Jr. 1943. Additional pollen analyses from southern New England. Amer. J. Sci., 241:717–752, 16 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deevey, E. S., Jr.. 1949. Biogeography of the Pleistocene. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 60:1315 1416, 27 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denisov, V. P. 1961. [Relationship of Citellus pygmaeus Pall. and C. suslica Guld. on the junction of their ranges.] Zool. Zhurn., 40:1079–1085, 7 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dessauer, H. C., W. Fox, and F. H. Potion. 1962. Starch-gel electrophoresis of tranferrins, esterases and other plasma proteins of hybrids between two subspecies of whiptail lizard (genus Cnemidophorus). Copeia, 1962: 767–774, 3 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dice, L. R. 1943. The Biotic Provinces of North America. Ann Arbor, Univ. Michigan Press. 78 pp., 1 pl.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dice, L. R.. 1952. Natural Communities. Ann Arbor, Univ. Michigan Press. 547 pp., 51 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson, J. C., JR. 1952. Geographic variation in the Red-eyed Towhee of the eastern United States. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 107:271–352, 15 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietz, R. A. 1952. Variation in the perfoliate Uvularias. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden, 39:219–247, 26 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dightman, R. A., and M. E. Beatty. 1952. Recent Montana glacier and climate trends. Monthly Weather Rev., 80:77–81, 1 fig.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, K. L. 1955. Crested titmice in Texas. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 54: 125–206, 3 pls., 15 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobzhansky, T., and P. C. Koller. 1938. An experimental study of sexual isola¬tion in Drosophila. Biol. Zentralblatt, 58:589–607, 3 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorf, E. 1959. Climatic changes of the past and present. Contr. Mus. Paleont. Univ. Michigan, 13:181–210, 1 pl., 3 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dugle, J. R. 1966. A taxonomic study of western Canadian species in the genus Betula. Canad. J. Bot., 44:929–1007, 45 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durrant, S. D. 1959. The nature of mammalian species. J. Arizona Acad. Sci., 1: 18–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, P. R. 1958a. Lepidoptera collected in the tundra-taiga ecotone at Kotzebue, Alaska. Entomol. News, 69: 17–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, P. R. 1958b. Problems of Arctic-Alpine insect distribution as illustrated by the butterfly genus Erebia (Satyridae). Proc. X. Int. Congr. Entomol., 1:683–686, 8 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Englehardt, G. P. 1946. The North American clear-wing moths of the family Aegeriidae. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull., 190:222, 32 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, K. 1966. Observations on a hybrid between the Sharp-tailed Grouse and the Greater Prairie Chicken. Auk, 83:128–129, 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fassett, N. C. 1944. Juniperus virginiana, J. horizontalis and J. scopulorum. II. Hybrid swarms of J. virginiana and J. scopulorum. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 71: 475–483, 6 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fassett, N. C.. 1945a. idem-III. Possible hybridization of J. horizontalis and J. scopu lorum. Bull.Torrey Bot. Club, 72:42–46, 4 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fassett, N. C.. 1945b. idem-IV. Hybrid swarms of J. virginiana and J. horizontalis. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 72: 379–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fassett, N. C., and J. D. Sauer. 1950. Studies of variation in the weed genus Phytolacca. I. Hybridizing species in northeastern Colombia. Evolution, 4:332–339, 4 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faxon, W. 1913. Brewster’s Warbler (Helminthophila leucobronchialis) a hybrid between the Golden-winged Warbler (Helminthophila chysoptera) and the Blue-winged Warbler (Helminthophila pinus). Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 40: 311–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenneman, N. M. 1931. Physiography of the Western United States. New York, McGraw-Hill. 534 pp., 173 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenneman, N. M. 1938. Physiography of the Eastern United States. New York, McGraw-Hill. 714 pp., 5 pls., 197 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, D. C. 1950. Collecting a little-known Papilla. Lepid. News, 4:11–12.A revision of the moths of the subfamily Geometrinae occurring in America north of Mexico. Bull. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. In press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Field, W. D. 1940. A manual of the butterflies and skippers of Kansas (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Bull. Univ. Kansas, 39(10):327, 2 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Findley, J. S. 1955. Speciation of the Wandering Shrew. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., 9:1–68, 18 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, W. T. M. 1928. Variation in Junonia lavinia ( Lep., Nymphalidae). Journ. New York Entomol. Soc., 36: 306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, W. T. M.. 1960. Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Part IV. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exper. Sta. Mem., 371:188, 188 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeborn, S. B. 1923. The range overlapping of Anopheles maculipennis Meig. and Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 18: 157–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, T. N. 1951. Northern Canada and some northern butterflies. Lepid. News, 5:41–42, 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, T. N. 1958. The distribution of arctic and subarctic butterflies. Proc. X. Int. Congr. Ent., 1:659–671, 27 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fries, M. 1962. Pollen profiles of late Pleistocene and Recent sediments from Weber Lake, northeastern Minnesota. Ecology, 43:295–308, 10 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frye, J. C., H. B. Willman, and R. F. Black. 1965. In Wright, H. E., Jr., and D. G. Frey, eds., The Quaternary of the United States: 43–61, 7 figs. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gates, F. C. 1940. Annotated List of the Plants of Kansas: Ferns and Flowering Plants. Manhattan, Kansas, Agric. Exper. Sta. 266 pp., 80 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, F. B., and W. E. Lanyon. 1964. Experiments on species discrimination in Blue-winged Warblers. Auk, 81:53–64, 2 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glass, B. P. 1947. Geographic variation in Perognathus hispidus. J. Mamm., 28:174–179, 1 fig.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1964. The Natural Geography of Plants. New York, Columbia Univ. Press. 420 pp. num. pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goggin, J. M. 1948. Florida archeology and recent ecological changes. J. Washing-ton Acad. Sci., 38:225–233, 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, A., and C. Heimsch. 1960. Pollen studies of some Texas peat deposits. Ecology, 41:751–763, 5 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grey, L. P., A. H. Moeck, and W. H. Evans. 1963. Notes on overlapping sub¬species. II. Segregation in the Speyeria atlantis of the Black Hills (Nymph¬alidae). J. Lepid. Soc., 17:129–147, 4 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griggs, R. F. 1914. Observations of the behavior of some species at the edges of their ranges. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 41:25–49, 6 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grinnell, J., and H. S. Swarth. 1913. An account of the birds and mammals of the San Jacinto area of southern California with remarks on the behavior of geo¬graphic races on the margins of their habitats. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 10:197–406, pls. 6–10, 3 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunter, G. 1945. The northern range of Berlandier’s Tortoise. Copeia, 1945:175. HAGEN, D. W. 1967. Isolating mechanisms in Threespine Sticklebacks (Gasterosteys) J. Fisheries Res. Board Canada, 24.:1637–1692, 18 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, E. R. 1941. Revisions of the rodent genus Microdipodops. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 27:233–277, 8 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, E. R., and K. R. Kelson. 1959. The Mammals of North America. New York, Ronald Press. 1201 pp., 553 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, M. T. 1952. Variation and hybridization in Juniperus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden, 39:1–64, 1 pl., 18 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, M. T. 1961. Notes on cultivated junipers. Butler Univ. Bot. Studies, 14 (1): 73–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, M. T, and C. J. Carr. 1964. Differential selection in juniper populations from the Baum Limestone and Trinity Sand of southern Oklahoma. Butler Univ. Bot. Studies, 14(2): 21–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, M. T, J. F. McConmicK, and G. G. Fogg. 1961. Hybridization between Juniperus ashei Buchholz and Juniperus pinchoti Sudworth in southwestern Texas. Butler Univ. Bot. Studies, 14 (1):9–28, 7 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, H. P. 1955. Postglacial forests in south central and central British Co¬lumbia. Amer. J. Sci., 253:640–658, 8 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, J. F. 1960. A case for hybridization in Plecoptera. Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc., 55: 25–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hecht, M. K., and B. L. Matalas. 1946. A review of middle North American toads of the genus Microhyla. Amer. Mus. Nov., 1315:21, 12 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henshaw, H. W. 1885. Hybrid quail (Lophortyx gambeli X L. californicus ). Auk, 2: 247–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heusser, C. J. 1956. Postglacial environments in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Ecol. Monogr., 26:263–302, 14 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heusser, C. J.. 1960. Late-Pleistocene environments of north Pacific North America. Amer. Geogr. Soc. Spec. Publ., 35:308, 25 pls., 49 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heusser, C. J. 1963. Pollen diagrams from three former cedar bogs in the Hackensack tidal marsh, northeastern New Jersey. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 90:16–28, 2 figs. HILL, I. R. 1954. The taxonomic status of the mid-Gulf Coast Amphiuma. Tulane Studies Zool., 1:189–215, 11 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, G. P. 1958. Distribution patterns of northern fleas (Siphonaptera). Proc. X. Int. Congr. Entomol., 1:645–658. 6 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, G. P. 1963. Faunal affinities of the fleas (Siphonaptera) of Alaska with an an notated list of species. In Gressitt, J. L., ed., Pacific Basin Biogeography: 45–63, 9 figs. Honolulu, Bishop Mus. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hovanitz, W. 1944. Genetic data on the two races of Colias chrysotheme in North America and on a white form occurring in each. Genetics, 29: 1–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, W. E. 1965. Interaction of behavior, ecology, and genetics of introduced mammals. In Baker, H. G., and G. L. Stebbins, eds., The Genetics of Colonizing Species: 461–480. New York, Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howden, H. F. 1966. Some possible effects of the Pleistocene on the distributions of North American Scarabeidae (Coleoptera). Can. Entomol. 98:1177–1190, 26 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howell, T. R. 1952. Natural history and differentiation in the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Condor, 54:237–282, 7 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, J. P. 1966. A possible back-cross hybrid involving Scaled and Gambel’s Quail. Auk, 83:136–137, 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbs, C. L. 1955. Hybridization between fish species in nature. Syst. Zool., 4:1¬20, 8 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huntington, C. E. 1952. Hybridization in the Purple Grackle, Quiscalus quiscula. Syst. Zool., 1:149–170, 6 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jewett, S. G. 1944. Hybridization of Hermit and Townsend Warblers. Condor, 46: 23–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johansen, H. 1955. Die Jenissei-Faunenscheide. Zool. Jahrb., 83:237–247, 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnsgard, P. A. 1960. A quantitative study of sexual behavior of Mallards and Black Ducks. Wilson Bull., 72: 133–155, 6 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansen, H.. 1965. Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior. Ithaca, Cornell Univ. Press. 378 pp., 20 pls., 96 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, R. F. 1964. The breeding birds of Kansas. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., 12:575–655, 10 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karren, J. B. 1966. A revision of the genus Exema of America, north of Mexico (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 46:647–695, 65 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaston, B. J. 1938. Notes on a new variety of Black Widow Spider from southern Florida. Florida Entomol., 21: 60–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keast, A. 1961. Bird speciation on the Australian continent. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 123:305–495, 28 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Key, K. H. L. 1959. The ecology and biogeography of Australian grasshoppers and locusts. In Keast, A. R. L. Crocker, and C. S. Christian, Biogeography and Ecology in Australia: 192–210, Den Haag, Junk.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimball, C. P. 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida an Annotated Checklist. Gaines¬ville, Florida Div. Plant Ind. 363 pp., 26 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klauber, L. M. 1941. The Long-nosed Snakes of the genus Rhinocheilus. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. Trans., 9:289–332, 2 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klauber, L. M. 1956. Rattlesnakes, vol. I. Berkeley and Los Angeles, Univ. California Press. 708 pp., 1 pl., 185 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klots, A. B. 1951. A Field Guide to the Butterflies of North America, East of the Great Plains. Boston, Houghton Mifflin. 349 pp., 40 pls., 8 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krutscx, P. H. 1954. North American jumping mice (genus Zapus). Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:349–472, 47 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Potential natural vegetation of the conterminous United States. Amer. Geog. Soc. Spec. Publ., 36:156 pp., map, 116 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lack, D. 1945. The ecology of closely related species with special reference to Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Shag (P. aristotelis). J. Anim. Ecol., 14: 12–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lanyon, W. E. 1966. Hybridization in meadowlarks. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 134:1–26, 8 pls., 3 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lidicker, W. Z., Jr. 1960. An analysis of intraspecific variation in the kangaroo rat Dipodomys merriami. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 67:125–218, pls. 9–12, 20 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linsdale, J. M. 1936. The birds of Nevada. Pacific Coast Avifauna, 23:145 pp., 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingston, B. E., and F. Shreve. 1921. The distribution of vegetation in the United States, as related to climatic conditions. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ., 284:590 pp., 73 pls., 74 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingston, R. B. 1949. An ecological study of the Black Forest, Colorado. Ecol. Monogr., 19:123–144, 16 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Livingstone, D. A., and B. G. R. Livingstone. 1958. Late-glacial and postglacial vegetation from Gillis Lake in Richmond County, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Amer. J. Sci., 256:341–359, 1 fig.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • löve, D. 1959. The postglacial development of the flora of Manitoba. Canad. J. Bot., 37:547–585, 4 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lo’movie, Z. 1958. Some peculiarities of spatially and sexually restricted gene exchange in the Erebia tyndarus group. Symp. Quant. Biol. (Cold Spring Harbor), 23:319–325, 4 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loukashkin, A. S. 1943. On the hares of northern Manchuria. J. Mamm., 24:73¬81, 1 pl., 2 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe, C. H., Jr. 1955. The eastern limit of the Sonoran Desert in the United States with additions to the known herpetofauna of New Mexico. Ecology, 36:343¬345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, H. J. 1930. The vegetation of Heart’s Content, a virgin forest in northwestern Pennsylvania. Ecology, 11:1–29, 10 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macneil, F. S. 1950. Pleistocene shore lines in Florida and Georgia. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, 221-F:95–107, pls. 19–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macneill, C. D. 1964. The skippers of the genus Hesperia in western North Amer¬ica with special reference to California. Univ. California Publ. Ent., 35:221 pp., 8 pls., 28 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maeki, K., and C. L. Remington. 1960. Studies of the chromosomes of North American Rhopalocera. 2. Hesperiidae, Megathymidae, and Pieridae. J. Lepid. Soc., 14:37–57, 7 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malde, H. E. 1964. Environment and man in arid America. Science, 145:123–129, 1 fig.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. S. 1963. Early man in Arizona: the pollen evidence. Amer. Antiquity, 29:67–73, 1 fig.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. S., and J. Gray. 1962. Pollen analysis and the Cenozoic. Science, 137:103 111, 5 figs.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. S., and P. J. Mehringer, Jr. 1965. Pleistocene pollen analysis and biogeog aphy of the Southwest. In Wright, H. E., Jr., and D. G. Frey, eds., The Quater¬nary of the United States: 433–451, 6 figs. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayr, E. 1963. Animal Species and Evolution. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard Univ. Press. 797 pp., num. figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayr, E., and T. Gilliard. 1952. Altitudinal hybridization in New Guinea honey eaters. Condor, 54: 325–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mcandrews, J. H. 1966. Postglacial history of prairie, savanna, and forest in northwestern Minnesota. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, 22(2):72 pp., 6 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mccabe, R. A. 1954. Hybridization between the Bob-white and Scaled Quail. Auk, 71:293–297, 1` pl., 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mccarley, W. H. 1954. Natural hybridization in the Peromyscus leucopus species group of mice. Evolution, 8:314–323, 3 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mccullocx, W. F. 1939. A postglacial forest in central New York. Ecology, 20:264–271, 2 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mcilroy, D. W. 1961. Possible hybridization between a Clay colored Sparrow and a Chipping Sparrow at Ithaca. Kingbird, 11: 7–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcvaugh, R. 1951. A revision of the North American black cherries ( Prunus serotina Ehr., and relatives ). Brittonia, 7: 279–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mcvaugh, R. 1952. Suggested phylogeny of Prunus serotina and other wide-ranging phylads in North America. Brittonia, 7:317–346, 29 maps.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mecham, J. S. 1960. Introgressive hybridization between two southeastern tree-frogs. Evolution, 14:445–457, 3 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mecham, J. S. 1961. Isolating mechanisms in anuran speciation, In Blair, W. F., ed., Vertebrate Speciation: 23–61, 2 figs. Austin, Univ. Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mengel, R. M. 1964. The probable history of species formation in some northern wood warblers (Parulidae). Living Bird, 1964:9–43, 8 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mergen, F. 1958. Genetic variation in needle characteristics of Slash Pine and in some of its hybrids. Silvae Genetica, 7:1–9, 12 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A. H. 1941. Speciation in the avian genus Junco. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 44:173–434, 33 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A. H. 1943. A new race of Canada Jay from coastal British Columbia. Condor, 45: 117–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A. H. 1951. An analysis of the distribution of the birds of California. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 50:531–644, pl. 30–40, 5 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A. H. 1955. Concepts and problems of avian systematics in relation to evolu tionary process. In Wolfson, A., ed., Recent Studies in Avian Biology: 1–22. Urbana, Univ. Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, C. D. F. 1961. Taxonomy and distribution of Nearctic Vespula. Canad. Entomol. Suppl., 22: 52 pp., 99 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. D. 1958a. Geographical distributions of the American Drosophila affinis subgroup species. Amer. Midl. Nat., 60:52–70, 1 fig.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. D. 1958b. Sexual isolation and variation in mating behavior within Drosophila athabasca. Evolution, 12: 72–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mittleman, M. B. 1942. A new Long-tailed Eurycea from Indiana, and notes on the longicauda complex. Proc. New England Zool. Club, 21:101–105, pl. 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. C. 1956. Variation in the Fox Squirrel in Florida. Amer. Midl. Nat., 55:41–65, 7 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreau, R. E. 1963. Vicissitudes of the African biomes in the late Pleistocene. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 141:395–421, 4 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moss, E. H. 1955. The vegetation of Alberta. Bot. Rev., 21: 493–567.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moss, E. H. 1959. Flora of Alberta. Toronto, Univ. Toronto Press. 546 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller, C. H. 1952. Ecological control of hybridization in Quercus: a factor in the mechanism of evolution. Evolution, 6:147–161, 3 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulligan, G. A. 1965. Recent colonization by herbaceous plants in Canada. In Baker, H: G., and G. Stebbins, eds., The Genetics of Colonizing Species: 127¬143, 6 figs. New York, Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Munz, P. A., and D. D. Keck. 1959. A California Flora. Berkeley and Los Angeles, Univ. California Press. 1687 pp., 134 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Needham, J. G., and M. F. Westfall, Jr. 1955. A Manual of the Dragonflies of North America (Anisoptera). Berkeley and Los Angeles, Univ. California Press. 615 pp., 314 figs., 1 pl.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neill, W. T. 1949a. The distribution of Milk Snakes in Georgia. Herpetologica, 5: 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neill, W. T.. 1949b. Hybrid toads in Georgia. Herpetologica, 5: 30–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neill, W. T.. 1957. Historical biogeography of present-day Florida. Bull. Florida State Mus. Biol. Sci., 2: 175–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, T. C. 1957. The original forests of the Georgia Piedmont. Ecology, 38: 390–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neumögen, B. 1894. Notes on a remarkable “interfaunal” hybrid of Smerinthus. Entomol. News, 5: 326–327.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nichols, G. E. 1913. The vegetation of Connecticut. II. Virgin forests. Torreya, 13:199–215, 5 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niering, W. A. 1953. The past and present vegetation of High Point State Park, New Jersey. Ecol. Monogr., 23:127–148, 23 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogden, J. G., Ht. 1961. Forest history of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts. I. Modern and pre-colonial forests. Amers Midl. Nat., 66:417–430, 3 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogden, J. G., Ht.. 1965. Pleistocene pollen records from eastern North America. Bot. Rev., 31: 481–504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ognev, S. I. 1931 [English transi. 1962 ]. Zveri vostochnoi Evropy i severnoi Azii [Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia], vol. 2. Moscow and Leningrad, Glavnauka-Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel’stvo. 590 pp., 202 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paramonov, S. J. 1959. Zoogeographical aspects of the Australian Dipterofauna. In Keast, A., R. L. Crocker, and C. S. Christian, Biogeography and Ecology in Australia, pp. 164–191, 1 fig. The Hague, Junk.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkes, K. C. 1951. The genetics of the Golden-winged X Blue-winged Warbler complex. Wilson Bull., 63:5–15, 1 pl.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, J. T., and W. S. Stone. 1952. Evolution in the Genus Drosophila. New York, Macmillan. 610 pp., 74 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peabody, F. E., and J. M. Savage. 1958. Evolution of a Coast Range corridor in California and its effect on the origin and dispersal of living amphibians and reptiles. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Publ., 51:159–186, 19 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pease, R. W., Jr. 1964a. Chromosome numbers in geographic populations of the Utetheisa ornatrix complex. J. Lepid. Soc., 17:231–233, 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pease, R. W., Jr.. 1946b. Evolution and hybridization in the Utetheisa ornatrix L. complex. Yale Univ. Ph.D. thesis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peck, M. E. 1961. A Manual of the Higher Plants of Oregon, 2nd ed. Portland, Binfords and Minot. 936 pp., 98 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennak, R. W. 1963. Ecological and radiocarbon correlations in some Colorado mountain lake and bog deposits. Ecology, 44:1–15, 10 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, R. T. 1941. A Field Guide to Western Birds. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co. 240 pp., num. pls. figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, R. T. 1963. A Field Guide to the Birds of Texas and Adjacent States. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co. 304 pp., 60 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, A. R., J. T. Marshall, Jr., and G. Monson. 1964. The Birds of Arizona. Tucson, Univ. Arizona Press. 220 pp., 45 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, J. C. 1923. A Natural History of the Ducks, Volume II. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co. 409 pp., 26 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitelka, F. A. 1941. Distribution of birds in relation to major biotic communities. Amer. Midi. Nat., 25:113–137, 11 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitelka, F. A. 1951. Speciation and ecologic distribution in American jays of the genus Apheloroma. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 50:195–464, pls. 17–30, 21 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • R. K. Selander, and M. Alvarez Del Toro. 1956. A hybrid jay from Chiapas, Mexico. Condor, 58:98–106, 5 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porrer, L. D. 1947. Postglacial forest sequence of north-central, Ohio. Ecology, 28:396–417, 17 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porrer, L. D., and J. Rowley. 1960. Pollen rain and vegetation, San Au ustin Plains, New Mexico. Bot. Gaz., 122:1–25, 3 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potzger, J. E. 1946. Phytosociology of the primeval forest in central-northern Wisconsin and Upper Potzger, J. E. 1948. A pollen study in the tension zone of Lower Michigan. Butler Univ. Bot. Studies, 8:161–177, 3 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potzger, J. E, and A. Courtemanche. 1956. Pollen study in the Gatineau Valley

    Google Scholar 

  • Potzger, J. E, and R. C. Freisner. 1948. Forests of the past along the coast of southern Maine. Butler Univ. Bot. Studies, 8:178–203, 3 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potzger, J. E, M. E. Potzger, and J. Mccormick. 1956. The forest primeval of Indiana as recorded in the original U.S. Land Surveys and an evaluation of previous in terpretations of Indiana vegetation. Butler Univ. Bot. Studies, 13:95–111, 9 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, J. M. 1965. Changes in the amounts of sunshine in British Columbia, 1901–1960. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 91:95–98, 2 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preston, R. J. 1961. North American Trees, 2nd ed. Ames, Iowa State Univ. Press. 395 pp., 160 pls., 5 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Puri, H. S., and R. O. Vernon. 1964. Summary of the geology of Florida and a guide book to the classic exposures, rev. ed. Florida Geol. Surv. Spec. Publ., 5:312, 37 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quarterman, E., and C. Keever. 1962. Southern mixed hardwood forest: climax in the southeastern Coastal Plain, U.S.A. Ecol. Monogr., 32:167–185, 2 figs. RAND, A. L. 1948. Glaciation, an isolating factor in speciation. Evolution, 2:314 321, 5 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rau’, H. M. 1937. Recent changes of climate and vegetation in southern New England and adjacent New York. J. Arnold Arb., 18: 79–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rau’, H. M.. 1946. Phytogeographic studies in the Athabasca-Great Slave Lake region, II. J. Arnold Arb., 27:1–85, 5 pls., 6 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rau’, H. M., and R. E. Carlson. 1941. The history of land use in the Harvard Forest. Harvard For. Bull., 20: 64 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinthal, W. J. 1956. In search for Pieris virginiensis in Massachusetts. Lepid. News, 10: 25–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Remington, C. L. 1956. Interspecific relationships of two rare swallowtail butter¬flies, Papilio nitra and Papilio hudsonianus, to other members of the Papilio machaon complex. Yearbook Amer. Phil. Soc., 1955: 142–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Remington, C. L. 1958. Genetics of populations of Lepidoptera. Proc. X. int. Congress Entomol. 2:787–805, 13 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Remington, J. E., and C. L. Remington. 1957. Mimicry, a test of evolutionary theory. Yale Sci. Mag., 32(1):10–11, 13–14, 16–17, 19, 21, 4 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, H. G. 1965. Pleistocene stratigraphy of the Altantic Coastal Plain. In Wright, H. E., Jr., and D. G. Frey, eds., The Quaternary of the United States: 129–133, 1 fig. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, G. M. 1954. Modification of the glacial chronology of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado. Science, 119: 614–615.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, G. M. 1965. Glaciation of the Rocky Mountains. In Wright, H. E., Jr., and D. G. Frey, eds., The Quaternary of the United States: 217–230, 3 figs. Prince¬ton, Princeton Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riddell, J. 1941. Some remarkable forms and aberrations in the subgenus Zerene Hübner (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London, 91:447–457, pls. 1–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riley, H. P. 1938. A character analysis of colonies of Iris fulva, I. hexagona var. giganticaerulea and natural hybrids. Amer. J. Bot., 25:727–738, 3 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie, J. C. 1964. Contributions to the Holocene paleoecology of westcentral Canada. I. The Riding Mountain area. Canad. J. Bot., 42:181–196, 11 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, J. S. 1933. The ecological distribution of the craneflies of northern Florida. Ecol. Monogr., 3:1–74, 25 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, H. H. 1965. Pleistocene events and insects. In Wright, H. E., Jr., and D. G. Frey, eds., The Quaternary of the United States: 583–596, 5 figs., Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossman, D. A. 1963. The colubrid snake genus Thamnophis: a revision of the sauritus group. Bull. Florida State Mus., 7:99–178, 10 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouse, I. 1951. A survey of Indian River archeology. Yale Univ. Publ. Anthrop., 44:296 pp., 8 pls., 15 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowan, W. 1926. Comments on two hybrid grouse and on the occurrence of Tympanuchus americanus americanus in the province of Alberta. Auk, 43:333¬336, 2 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoenwetter, J. 1962. The pollen analysis of eighteen archeological sites in Arizona and New Mexico. Fieldiana: Anthropology, 53:168–209, 4 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sears, J. W. 1947. Relationships within the quinaria species group of Drosophila. Univ. Texas Publ., 4720:137–156, 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sears, P. B. 1942. Forest sequences in the north central states. Bot. Gaz., 103:751¬761, 6 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sears, P. B.. 1961a. A pollen profile from the grassland province. Science, 134:2038 2040, 2 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sears, P. B. 1961b. Palynology and the climatic record of the Southwest. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 95:632–641, 2 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sears, P. B. 1963. Vegetation, climate, and coastal submergence in Connecticut. Science, 140:59–60, 1 fig.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selander, R. B. 1960. Bionomics, systematics, and phylogeny of Lytta, a genus of blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Illinois Biol. Monog., 28:295 pp., 1 pl., 350 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selander, R. K. 1964. Speciation in wrens of the genus Campylorhynchus. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 74:1–305, 22 pls., 36 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selander, R. K. 1965. Avian speciation in the Quaternary. In Wright, H. E., Jr., and D. G. Frey, eds., The Quaternary of the United States: 527–542, 6 figs. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selander, R. K, and D. R. Giller. 1963. Species limits in the woodpecker genus Centurus (Ayes). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 124:213–274, pls. 53–56, 17 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon, F. A., and F. L. Humphrey. 1963. Analysis of color pattern polymor¬phism in the snake, Rhinocheilus lecontei. Herpetologica, 19:153–160, 3 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon, F. A., and F. L. Humphrey, and H. M. Smith. 1949. Herpetological results of the University of Illinois Field Expedition, spring 1949. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 52: 494–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shelford, V. E. 1963. The Ecology of North America. Urbana, Univ. Illinois Press. 610 pp., num. figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Short, L. L., Jr. 1961. Notes on bird distribution in the central plains. Nebraska Bird Rev., 29: 2–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Short, L. L., Jr.. 1963. Hybridization in the wood warblers Vermivora pinus and V. chrysoptera. Proc. XIII. Int. Orn. Congr.:147–160, 2 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Short, L. L., Jr.. 1965. Hybridization in the flickers (Colaptes) of North America. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 129:307–428, 11 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sibley, C. G. 1950. Species formation in the Red-eyed Towhees of Mexico. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 50:109–19.4, pls. 11–16, 18 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sibley, C. G.. 1958. Hybridization in some Colombian tanagers, avian genus Ramphocelus. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 102:448–453, 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sibley, C. G., and L. L. Short, Jr. 1959. Hybridization in the buntings (Passerina) of the Great Plains. Auk, 76:443–463, 5 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sibley, C. G., and L. L. Short, Jr. 1964. Hybridization in the orioles of the Great Plains. Condor, 66:130–150, 3 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sibley, C. G., and D. A. West. 1959. Hybridization in the Rufous-sided Towhees of the Great Plains. Auk, 76:326–338, 3 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sibley, C. L. 1938. Hybrids of and with North American Anatidae. C. R. IX. Congr. Orn. Int., 327–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, G. F. 1925. Birds of the Austin Region. Austin, Univ. Texas Press. 387 pp., figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smiley, T. L. 1958. Years, centuries, and millennia. In Smiley, T. L., ed., Climate and Man in the Southwest. Univ. Arizona Program in Geochron., Contrib., 6: 10–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E. C. 1943. A study of cytology and speciation in the genus Populus L. J. Arnold Arb., 24:275–305, 4 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. M. 1946. Hybridization between two species of garter snakes. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., 1: 99–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. M., and J. P. Kennedy. 1951. Pituophis melanoleucus ruthveni in eastern Texas and its bearing on the status of P. catenifer. Herpetologica, 7:93–96, 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P. W. 1957. An analysis of post-Wisconsin biogeography of the Prairie Peninsula region based on distributional phenomena among terrestrial vertebrate populations. Ecology, 38:205–218, 46 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. G. 1963. Natural hybrids between coccinellid species. Canada Dept. Forestry, Forest Ent. Path. Branch, Bi-monthly Prog. Rep., 19(4): 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soper, J. D. 1964. The Mammals of Alberta. Edmonton, Govt. of Alberta. 410 pp., 67 pls., maps, 41 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spieth, H. T. 1941. Taxonomic studies on the Ephemeroptera. II. The genus Hexagenia. Amer. Midl. Nat., 26:233–280, 6 pls.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spieth, H. T. 1947. Taxonomic studies of the Ephemeroptera. IV. The genus Stenonelna. Annals Ent. Soc. Amer, 40:87–122, 31 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprunt, A., Jr. 1954. Florida Bird Life. New York, Coward-McCann. 527 pp., 56 pls., 65 figs. [with 1963 “Addendum”, 24 pp.]

    Google Scholar 

  • Stallings, D. B., J. R. Turner, and V. N. Stallings. 1960. Apparent wild hybrids among the Megathymidae. J. Lepid. Soc., 13:204–206, 1 p1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins, R. C. 1954. Amphibians and Reptiles of Western North America. New York, McGraw-Hill. 528 pp., 104 pls., 51 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, R. C. 1963. Isolating mechanisms between populations of Traill’s Fly¬catchers. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 107:21–50, 14 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, O. A. 1950. Handbook of North Dakota Plants. Fargo, North Dakota Agric. College. 324 pp., 319 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, A., K. L. Knight, and H. Starcke. 1959. A synoptic catalogue of the mosquitoes of the world. Entomol. Soc. Amer. Thos. Say Found., 6:358 pp. STONE, W. S., and J. T. PATTERSON. 1947. The species relationships in the virilis group. Univ. Texas Publ., 4720: 157–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Storer, R. W. 1951. Variation in the Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris), with special reference to wintering populations. Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michi¬gan, 532: 12 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Storer, R. W. 1954. A hybrid between the Chipping and Clay-colored Sparrows. Wilson Bull., 66: 143–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Storer, R. W. 1961. A hybrid between Painted and Varied Buntings. Wilson Bull.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sulerud, R. L., and D. D. Miller. 1966. A study of key characteristics for dis¬tinguishing several Drosophila affinis subgroup species, with a description of a new related species. Amer. Midl. Nat., 75:446–474, 11 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Storm, R. M. 1952. Interspecific mating behaviour in Rana aurora and Rana catesbiana. Herpetologica, 8: 108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straatman, R. 1962. Notes on certain Lepidoptera ovipositing on plants which are toxic to their larvae. J. Lepid. Soc., 16: 99–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sulerud, R. L., and D. D. Miller. 1966. A study of key characteristics for dis¬tinguishing several Drosophila affinis subgroup species, with a description of a new related species. Amer. Midl. Nat., 75:446–474, 11 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swarth, H. S. 1922. Birds and mammals of the Stikine River region of northern British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 24:125¬314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swarth, H. S. 1924. Birds and mammals of the Skeena River region of northern British Columbia. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 24:315–394, pls. 9–11, i fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweadner, W. R. 1937. Hybridization and the phylogeny of the genus Platysamia. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 25:163–241, pls. 15–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, W. M. 1944. A taxonomic study of the genus Hypsiglena. Great Basin Nat., 5:25–92, 4 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornbury, W. D. 1965. Regional Geomorphology of the United States. New York, John Wiley. 609 pp., 321 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, W. A. 1955. Interspecific hybridization in Bufo woodhousei and Bufo valliceps. Evolution, 9:455–468, 7 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tinkle, D. W. 1958. The systematics and ecology of the Sternothaerus carinatus complex. Tulane Studies Zool., 6:3–56, 57 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, J. M. 1952. Evolution of the Californian Oak Quercus alvordiana. Evolu¬tion, 6:162–180, 14 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, J. M. 1953a. The relationship between Quercus dumosa and Quercus turbinella. Madroíïo, 12:49–60, 4 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, J. M. 1953b. Two new oak hybrids from California. Madroíio, 12:119–127, 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, J. M. 1961. Studies in the Quercus undulata complex. I. A preliminary state ment. Amer. J. Bot., 4$:202–208, 5 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, J. M. 1963. Studies in the Quercus undulata complex. III. The contribution of Q. arizonica. Amer. J. Bot., 50:699–708, 6 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uzzell, T. M., Jr. 1964. Relations of the diploid and triploid species of the Ambystoma jeffersonianum complex (Amphibia, Caudata). Copeia, 1964:257¬300, 23 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Gelder, R. G. 1959. A taxonomic revision of the spotted skunks (genus Spilogale). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 117:229–392, 47 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, T. A. 1954. Mammals of the San Gabriel Mountains of California. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:513–582, 4 pls., 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaurie, P. 1955. A revision of the genus Trox in North America (Coleoptera, Scarabeidae). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 106:1–90, 27 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vines, R. A. 1960. Trees, Shrubs and Woody Vines of the Southwest. Austin, Univ. Texas Press. 1104 pp., num. figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voipio, P. 1952. Subspecific boundaries and genodynamics of populations in mam¬mals and birds. Ann. Zool. Soc. Vanamo, 15(4):32 pp., 1 fig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volpe, E. P. 1952. Physiological evidence for natural hybridization of Bufo americanus and Bufo fowleri. Evolution, 6:393–406, 7 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Volpe, E. P.. 1955. Intensity of reproductive isolation between sympatric and allopatric populations of Bufo americanus and Bufo fowleri. Amer. Nat., 89:303–317, 4 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voss, E. G., and W. H. Wagner, Jr. 1956. Notes on Pieris virginiensis and Erora laeta-two butterflies not hitherto reported from Michigan. Lepid. News, 10:18¬24, 2 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, E. M. 1953. The Odonata of Canada and Alaska, vol. 1. Toronto, Univ. Toronto Press. 292 pp., 44 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, E. M. 1958. The Odonata of Canada and Alaska, vol. 2. Toronto, Univ. Toronto Press. 318 pp., 64 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, A. O. 1957. Factors affecting interbreeding in sympatric species of spadefoots (genus Scaphiopus). Evolution, 11:320–338, 7 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, A. O.. 1958. Relationships of allopatric populations of spadefoots (genus Scaphio pus). Evolution, 12:311–318, 2 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waterhouse, G. A. 1914. A monograph of the genus Tisiphone Hübner. Australian Zool., 1:15–19, 1 pl.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waterhouse, G. A.. 1922a. An account of some breeding experiments with the satyrine genus Tisiphone. Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales, 47:ix–xv, 3 pis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waterhouse, G. A. 1922b. The relation of Tisiphone to the physiography of eastern Australia. Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales, 47:xv-xvii.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waterhouse, G. A.. 1932. What Butterfly is That? A Guide to the Butterflies of Australia. Sydney, Angus and Robertson. 291 pp., 34 pls., 4 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, J. E., and F. E. Clements. 1938. Plant Ecology, 2nd ed. New York, McGraw-Hill. 601 pp., 271 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, B. W. 1937. Southern Appalachian grass balds. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 53:1–26, 5 pls., 2 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, P. V. 1965. Scarp woodlands, transported grassland soils, and concept of grassland climate in the Great Plains region. Science, 148:246–249, 2 figs.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • West, R. G. 1961. Late-and postglacial vegetational history in Wisconsin, par¬ticularly changes associated with the Valders readvance. Amer. J. Sci., 259:776¬783, 6 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, D. R. 1965. Palynology and Pleistocene phytogeography of unglaciated eastern North America. In Wright, H. E., Jr., and D. G. Frey, eds., The Quater¬nary of the United States. Pp. 417–432, 5 figs. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, D. R., and D. R. Bentley. 1963. A post-glacial pollen diagram from south western Vermont. Pollen et Spores, 5:115–127, 2 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodson, R. E., Jr. 1947a. Notes on the `historical factor’ in plant geography. Contr. Gray Herb. Harvard Univ., 165: 12–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, D. R.. 1947b. Some dynamics of leaf variation in Asclepias tuberosa. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden, 34:353–432, 15 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, D. R. 1964. The geography of flower color in Butterflyweed. Evolution, 18:143 163, 1 pl., 7 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Worrell, E. 1963. Reptiles of Australia. Sydney, Angus and Robertson, Ltd. 207 pp., 63 pls. figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, H. E., Jr., T. C. Winter, and H. L. Patten. 1963. Two pollen diagrams from southeastern Minnesota: problems in the regional late-glacial and post-glacial vegetational history. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 74:1371–1396, 3 pls., 4 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, P. L. 1953. Intergradation between Martes americana and Martes caurina in western Montana. J. Mamm., 34:74–86, 1 pl., 1 fig.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, W. G. 1905. The Butterflies of the West Coast of the United States. San Francisco, Whitaker and Ray. 264 pp., 32 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamashina, Y. 1948. Notes on the Marianas Mallard. Pacific Sci., 2:121–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, F. N. 1954. The water beetles of Florida. Univ. Florida Studies Biol. Sci. Ser., 5 (1):238 pp., 31 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamashina, Y. 1961. Geographical variation in the Tropisternus mexicanus (Castelnau) complex. Verh. XI. Int. Kongr. Ent., 1:112–116, 2 figs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zweifel, R. G. 1962. Analysis of hybridization between two subspecies of the Desert Whiptail Lizard, Cnemidophorus tigris. Copeia, 1962:749–766, 6 figs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1968 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Remington, C.L. (1968). Suture-Zones of Hybrid Interaction Between Recently Joined Biotas. In: Dobzhansky, T., Hecht, M.K., Steere, W.C. (eds) Evolutionary Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8094-8_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8094-8_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-8096-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-8094-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics