Abstract
Assemblies of spontaneously polarized unit cells form regions known as domains. All the unit cells within a domain in a ferroelectric are oriented identically. Consequently, each domain has a macroscopic spontaneous electric polarization. The directions of the spontaneous polarizations of neighboring domains in a ferroelectric make definite angles with one another. Domain walls (boundaries) in ferroelectrics should be considered not only as having geometrical form but also as being electrically neutral and corresponding to a minimum of the energy of a crystal. Consequently, the dipoles in neighboring domains should be oriented in such a way that, at a wall, the projection of the polarization vector of one domain should be equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the projection of the polarization vector of another (neighboring) domain.
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Zheludev, I.S. (1971). Domain Structure of Ferroelectrics and Antiferroelectrics. In: Physics of Crystalline Dielectrics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8076-4_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8076-4_4
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