Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Relationship of Glutamic Acid And Zinc to Kindling of the Rat Amygdala: Afferent Transmitter Systems and Excitability in a Model of Epilepsy

  • Chapter
Excitatory Amino Acids and Epilepsy

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 203))

Abstract

The seizure threshold in limbic structures is low, most notably in the amygdaloid nuclear complex. The susceptibility of the amygdala to epileptiform activity can be enhanced by several manipulations including repeated electrical stimulation (kindling) or repeated injections of certain chemical agents. The progressive change in electrical activity is characterized by gradual increasing afterdischarge, spread of seizure activity

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ackerman, R.F., and Engel, J., 1978, Lesions of the interpeduncular nucleus retard development of amygdaloid-kindled seizures in rats, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 4:139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alley, M.C., Killam, E.K., and Fisher, G.L., 1981, The influence of D-peni- cillamine treatment upon seizure activity and trace metal status in the sengalese baboon, Papio Papio, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 271:138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, P.S., Racine, R.J., and Wise R.A., 1973, Effects of atropine, reserpine, 6-hydroxydopamine, and handling on seizure development in the rat, Exp. Neurol. 40:457.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbeau, A., and Donaldson, J., 1974, Zinc, taurine and epilepsy, Arch. Neurol. 30: 52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Ari, Y., and Lagowska, J., 1978, Action epileptogene induite par des injections intra-amygdaliennes d’acide kainique, C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris 287:813.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunia, C.H.M., and Buyze, G., 1972, Serum copper levels and epilepsy, Epilepsia 13: 621.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burchfiel, J.L., Duchowny, M.S., and Duffy, F.H., 1979, Neuronal supersensitivity to acetylcholine by kindling in the rat hippocampus, Science 204: 1096.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caldecott-Hazard, S., Shavit, Y., Ackerman, R.F.,Engel, J. Jr., Frederickson, R.C.A., and Liebeskind, J.C., 1982, Behavioral and electrographic effects of opioids on kindled seizures in rats, Brain Res. 251: 327.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheney, D.L., LeFevre, H.F., and Racagni, G., 1975, Choline acetyltransferase activity and mass fragmentographic measurement of acetylcholine in specific nuclei and tracts of rat brain, Neuropharmacologv 14: 801.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, S.H., and Johnson, M.S., 1983, Divalent transition-metal ions (Cu2+ and Zn2+) in the brains of epileptogenic and normal mice, Brain Res. 280:323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corcoran, M.E., Fibiger, H.C., McCaughran, J.A., and Wade, J.A., 1974, Potentiation of amygdaloid kindling and metrazol-induced seizures by 6-hydroxydopamine in rats, Exp. Neurol. 40:471.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, I.L., and Connor, J.D., 1973, Localization and release of glutamic acid in relation to the hippocampal mossy fibre pathway, Nature 244: 442.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, I.L., Doller, H.J., and Connor, J.D., 1973, Diphenylthiocarbazone effects on evoked waves and zinc in the rat hippocampus, Pharmacologist 15: 197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, I.L., and Connor, J.D., 1975, Zinc and hippocampal function, J. Orthomol. Psvchiat. 4:39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, I.L., 1979, Neurotransmitters: relevance to neurologic disease and therapy, in: The Treatment of Neurological Diseases R. Rosenberg ed., Spectrum, New York, p. 525.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, I.L., and Wooten, W.C., 1979, Kainic acid elicits electrographic epileptiform activity after central and parenteral administration to awake rats, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 5:191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, I.L., 1983, Zinc and the hippocampus: histology, neurochemistry, pharmacology and putative functional relevance, in: Neurobiology of the Trace Elements I.E. Dreosti, and R.M. Smith, eds., Humana Press, New Jersey, p. 163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, I.L., Walker, J.E., Homan, R.W., and Barletta, Maria, 1983, Glutamergic afferents from pyriform cortex to amygdala are involved in electrical kindling of the rat, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 9:762.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, I.L., and Harris, N.F., 1984, Distribution and accumulation of zinc in whole brain and subcellular fractions of hippocampal homogenates, in: The Neurobiology of Zinc. Part A: Phvsiochemistry, Anatomy, and Techniques C.J. Frederickson, G.A. Howell, and E.J. Kasarskis, eds., Alan R. Liss, New York, p. 157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danscher, G., and Haug, F.M.S., 1971, Depletion of metal in the rat hippocampal mossy fibre system by intravital chelation with dithizone, Histochemie 28: 211.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danscher, G., Haug, F.M.S. and Fredens, K., 1973, Effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) on sulphide silver stained boutons, Exp. Brain Res. 16:521.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danscher, G., Hall, E., and Fredens, K., 1975, Heavy metals in the amygdala of the rat: zinc, lead, and copper, Brain Res. 94: 167.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Divac, I., Fonnum, F., and Storm-Mathisen, J., 1977, High affinity uptake of glutamate in the terminals of corticostriatal axons, Nature 266: 377.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doller, H.J., and Crawford, I.L., 1984, Effect of dithizone on transmission in the hippocampal slice preparation, in: The Neurobiology of Zinc. Part B: Deficiency, Toxicity, and Pathology C.J. Frederickson, G.A. Howell, and E.J. Kasarskis, eds., Alan R. Liss, New York, p. 163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, J., St. Pierre, T., Minnich, J.L., and Barbeau, A., 1971, Seizures in rats associated with divalent cation inhibition of Na+- K ATPase, Can. J. Biochem. 49:1217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drust, E.G., and Crawford, I.L., 1984, Effects of dithizone on spontaneous electrical activity recorded from the rat hippocampus in vivo in: The Neurobiology of Zinc, Part B: Deficiency, Toxicity, and Pathology C.J. Frederickson, G.A. Howell, and E.J. Kasarskis, eds., Alan R. Liss, New York, p. 155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubicka, I., Frank, J.M., and McCutcheon, B., 1978, Attenuation of a convulsive syndrome in the rat by lateral hypothalamic stimulation, Phvsiol. Behay. 20:31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emson, P.C., Paxinos, G., Le Gal La Salle, G., Ben-Ari, Y., and Silver, A., 1979, Choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase containing projections from the basal forebrain to the amygdaloid complex of the rat, Brain Res. 165: 271.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falconer, M.G., Serafetinides, E.A., and Corsellis, J.A.N., 1964, Etiology and pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy, Arch. Neurol. 10:233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrendelli, J.A., and Kinscherf, D.A., 1977, Cyclic nucleotides in epileptic brain: effects of pentylenetetrazol on regional cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels in vivo, Epilensia 18:525.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fjerdingstad, E., Danscher, G., and Fjerdingstad, E.J., 1977, Changes in zinc and lead content of rat hippocampus and whole brain following intravital dithizone treatment as determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Brain Res. 130: 369.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fonnum, F., ed., 1978, Amino Acids as Chemical Transmitters Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goddard, G.V., McIntyre, D.C., and Leech, C.K., 1969,. A permanent change in brain function resulting from daily electrical stimulation, Exp. Neurol. 25:295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, S.P., 1963, Chemically induced epileptiform seizures in the cat, Science 142: 409.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, E., 1975, The anatomy of the limbic system, in: Neural Integration of Physiological Mechanisms and Behavior G.J. Morgenson and F.R. Calaresu, eds., Univ. of Toronto Press, Toronto, p. 68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassler, 0., and Soremark, R., 1968, Accumulation of zinc in mouse brain, Arch. Neurol„ 19:117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haug, F.-M.S., 1967, Electron microscopical localization of zinc in hippocampal mossy fibre synapses by a modified sulfide silver procedure, Histochemie 8: 355.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haug; F.-M.S. 1974, Light microscopical mapping of the hippocampal region, pyriform cortex, and cortico-medial amygdaloid nuclei of the rat with Timm’s sulphide silver method. Area dentata, hippocampus and subiculum, Z. Anat. Entwickl. Gesch. 145:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hui, K.-S., Davis, B.A., and Boulton, A.A., 1979, Mass spectrometric identification of Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Mn, Mg, and Pb in mammalian brain, J. Neuro-sci. Res. 4: 169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isaacson, R.L., 1982, The Limbic System Plenum Press, New York. Kalichman, M.W., 1982, Neurochemical correlates of the kindling model of epilepsy, Neurosci. Biobehay. Rev. 6:165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, D.A., and Zoll, J.G., 1974, Seizure inhibition by median raphe nucleus stimulation in the rat, Brain Res. 70: 165.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lakomaa, E.L., Sato, S., Goldberg, A.M., and Frazier, J.M., 1982, The effect of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate treatment on copper and zinc concentrations in rat brain, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 65:286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Gal La Salle, G., Calvino, B., and Ben-Ari, Y., 1977, Morphine enhances amygdaloid seizures and increases inter-ictal spike frequency in kindled rats, Neuroses. Lett. 6:255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maske, H., 1955, Ãœber den topochemischen Nachweis von Zink im Ammonshorn verschiedener Säugetiere, Naturwissenschaften 42:424.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre, D.C., and Wong, R.K.S., 1985, Modification of local neuronal interactions by amygdala kindling examined in vitro, Exp. Neurol. 88:529.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNamara, J.O., 1978, Muscarinic cholinergic receptors participate in the kindling model of epilepsy, Brain Res. 154: 415.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meldrum, B., 1984, Amino acid neurotransmitters and new approaches to anticonvulsant drug action, EDilepsia 25 (Suppl 2): 140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mody, I., and Miller, J.J., 1985, Levels of hippocampal calcium and zinc following kindling-induced epilepsy, Can J. Physiol, Pharmacol. 63:159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pei, Y., Zhao, D., Huang, J., and Cao, L., 1983, Zinc-induced seizures: a new experimental model of epilepsy, Epilepsia 24: 169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penfield, W., and Kristiansen, K., 1951, Epileptic Seizure Patterns Thomas, Springfield, Ill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Clausell, J., and Danscher, G., 1985, Intravesicular localization of zinc in rat telencephalic boutons. A histochemical study, Brain Res., 337: 91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, T.L., Berry, K., Diamond, S., and Mok, C., 1971, Regional distribution of amino acids in human brain obtained at autopsy, J. Neurochem. 18:513.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakash, N.J., Fontana, J., and Henkin, R.I., 1973, Effect of transitional metal ions on (Na+ and K+) ATPase activity and the uptake of norepinephrine and choline by brain synaptosomes, Life Sci. 12: 249.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Racine, R.J., 1972, Modification of seizure activity by electrical stimula-tion. II. Motor seizures, Eleçtroenceph. Clin, Neurophysiol. 32:281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Racine, R.J., and Cosina, D.V., 1979, Effects of midbrain raphe lesions or systemic p-chlorophenylalanine on the development of kindled seizures in rats, Brain Res. Bull. 4:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawada, S., Takada, S., and Yamamoto, C., 1983, Selective activation of synapses near the tip of drug-ejecting microelectrode, and effects of antagonists of excitatory amino acids in the hippocampus, Brain Res. 267: 156.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, R., Zimmerman, H., and Whittaker, V.P., 1980, Metal ion content of cholinergie synaptic vesicles isolated from the electric organ of

    Google Scholar 

  • torpedo: effect of stimulation-induced transmitter release, Neuroscience 5:625.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slevin, J.T., and Kasarskis, E.J., 1985, Effects of zinc on markers of glutamate and aspartate neurotransmission in rat hippocampus, Brain Res., 334: 281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sloviter, R.S., 1985, A selective loss of hippocampal mossy fiber Timm stain accompanies granule cell seizure activity induced by perforant path stimulation, Brain Res. 330: 150.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smart, T.G., and Constanti, A., 1983, Pre- and postsynaptic effects of zinc on in vitro prepyriform neurones, Neurosci. Lett. 40:205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Storm-Mathisen, J., 1977, Glutamic acid and excitatory nerve endings: reduction of glutamic acid uptake after axotomy, Brain Res. 120: 379.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Storm-Mathisen, J., 1981, Glutamate in hippocampal pathways, in: Glutamateas a Neurotransmitter G. Di Chiara and G.L. Gessa, eds., Raven Press, New York, p. 43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Storm-Mathisen, J., Leknes, A.K., Bore, A.T., Vaaland, J.L., Edminson, P., Haug, F.-M.S., and Ottersen, 0.P., 1983, First visualization of glutamate and GABA in neurones by immunocytochemistry, Nature 301: 517.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szutowicz, A., Harris, N.F., Srere, P.A., and Crawford, I.L., 1983, ATP-citrate lyase and other enzymes of acetyl-CoA metabolism in fractions of small and large synaptosomes from rat brain hippocampus and cerebellum, J, Neurochem „ 41:1502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Timm, F., 1958, Zur Histochemie des Ammonshorngebietes, Z. Zellforsch. 48:548.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vindrola, O., Briones, R., Asai, M., and Dernandez-Guardio.,a, A., 1981, Amygdaloid kindling enhances the enkephalin content in the rat brain, Neurosci. Lett. 21:39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vosu, H., and Wise, R.A., 1975, Cholinergie seizure kindling in the rat: comparison of caudate, amygdala, and hippocampus, Behay. Biol. 13:442.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wada, J.A., and Wake, A., 1977, Dorsal frontal, orbital, and mesial frontal cortical lesions and kindling in cats, Can, J. Neurol. Sci. 4:107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J.E., Mikeska, J.A., and Crawford, I.L., 1981, Cyclic nucleotides in the kindled amygdala of the rat, Brain Res. Bull. 6:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J.E., and Fonnum, F., 1983, Regional cortical glutamergic and aspartergic projections to the amygdala and thalamus of the rat, Brain Res., 267: 371.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J.E., Hirsch, S., and Crawford, I.L., 1985, Interruption of cholinergie afferent pathways to the amygdala failed to alter electrical kindling, Exp. Neurol. 88: 742.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wofsey, A.R., Kuhar, M.J., and Synder, S.H., 1971, A unique synaptosomal fraction which accumulates glutamic and aspartic acids in brain tissue, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68:1102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wooten, W.C., Walker, J.E., and Crawford, I.L., 1978, Medial forebrain bundle lesions prolong amygdalar afterdischarge without changing the onset of behavioral seizures in the kindled rat, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 4:148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, M.D., 1984, Zinc: effect and interaction with other cations in the cortex of the rat, Brain Res. 311: 343.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center, University of Texas and Veterans Administration, Dallas, Texas, 75216, USA

    I. L. Crawford

Authors
  1. I. L. Crawford
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Robert Schwarcz

  2. INSERM-U29, Hôpital de Port-Royal, Paris, France

    Yehezkel Ben-Ari

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Crawford, I.L. (1986). Relationship of Glutamic Acid And Zinc to Kindling of the Rat Amygdala: Afferent Transmitter Systems and Excitability in a Model of Epilepsy. In: Schwarcz, R., Ben-Ari, Y. (eds) Excitatory Amino Acids and Epilepsy. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 203. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7971-3_47

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7971-3_47

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-7973-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-7971-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation