Abstract
The development of specific diagnostic tests first for hepatitis S virus (HBV) infections and then hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections has enabled clinicians to determine accurately the cause of hepatitis in their patients. Although non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis remains a diagnosis of exclusion and may be caused by more than one agent, the ability to make specific etiologic diagnoses has allowed us to study these diseases in some detail to define their clinical spectrum and epidemiology.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Dienstag JL, Gust ID, Lucas CR, et al: Mussel-associated viral hepatitis, type A: Serological confirmation. Lancet 1:561–563, 1976.
Purcell RH, Feinstone SM, Ticehurst JR, et al: Hepatitis A virus, in Vijars GN, Dienstag JL, Hoofnagle JH (eds): Viral Hepatitis in Liver Diseases. Grune & Stratton, Orlando, 1984, pp. 9–22.
Skinhoj P, Gluud C, Ramsoe K: Traveller’s hepatitis. Origin and characteristics in cases in Copenhagen 1976–1978. Scand J Infect Dis 13:1–9, 1981.
Hadler P, Erben J: in Szmuness W, Alter HJ, Maynard JE (eds): Viral Hepatitis. Franklin Institute Press, Philadelphia, 1982, pp. 740–741.
Morse LJ, Bryan JA, Hurley JP, et al: The Holy Cross College football team hepatitis outbreak. JAMA 219:706–708, 1972.
Friedman LS, O’Brien TF, Morse LJ, et al: Revisiting the Holy Cross football team hepatitis outbreak (1969) by serological analysis. JAMA 254:774–776, 1985.
McNeill M, Hoy JF, Richards MJ, et al: Etiology of fatal hepatitis in the Melbourne. Med J Aust 2:637–640, 1984.
Provost PJ, Bishop RP, Gerety RJ, et al: New finding in live, attenuated hepatitis A vaccine development. J Med Virol 20:165–175, 1986.
Karron RA, Daemer PJ, Ticehurst J, et al: Studies in prototype live HAV vaccine in primate models. J Infect Dis 157:338–345, 1988.
Havens WP Jr, Kushlan SD, Green MR: Experimentally induced infectious hepatitis: Roentgenographic and gastroscopic observations. Arch Intern Med 79:457–464, 1947.
Knight WA, Cogswell RC: Preliminary observations of the gastric mucosa in patients with infectious hepatitis. JAMA 128:803–804, 1945.
Gordon SC, Reddy KR, Schiff L, et al: Prolonged intrahepatic cholestatis secondary to acute hepatitis A. Ann Intern Med 101:635–637, 1984.
Routenberg JA, Dienstag JL, Harrison WO, et al: Food borne epidemic of hepatitis A: Clinical and laboratory features of acute and protracted illness. Am J Med Sci 278:123–137, 1979.
Mathieson L, Feinstone SM, Purcell RH, et al: Detection of hepatitis A antigen by immunofluorescence. Infect Immunol 18:524–530, 1977.
Schiff L: The use of steroids in liver disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 45:565–573, 1966.
Bamber M, Thomas HC, Bannister B, et al: Acute type A, B, and non-S, non-B hepatitis in a hospital population in London. Clinical and epidemiological features. Gut 24:561–564, 1983.
Gruer LD, McKendrick MW, Beeching NJ, et al: Relapsing hepatitis associated with hepatitis A virus. Lancet 2:163, 1982.
Chiriaco P, Guadalupi C, Armigliato M, et al: Polyphasic course of hepatitis type A in children. J Infect Dis 153:378–379, 1986.
Sjögren SS, Tanno H, Fay S: Hepatitis A virus in stool during clinical relapse. Ann Intern Med 106:221–226, 1987.
Giles JP, Leibhaber H, Krugman S, et al: Early viremia and viruria in infectious hepatitis. Virology 24:107–108, 1964.
Krugman S, Ward R, Giles JP: The natural history of infectious hepatitis. Am J Med 32:717–728, 1962.
Barker LF, Dienstag JL, Lorenz DF, et al: Serologic and animal inoculation studies of a communal outbreak of viral hepatitis, type A. Am J Med Sci 274:247–253, 1977.
Francis S Jr, Frisch AW, Quilligan JJ Jr: Demonstration of infectious hepatitis virus in presymptomatic period after transfer by transfusion. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 61:276–280, 1946.
Harden AG, Barondess JA, Parker S: Transmission of infectious hepatitis by transfusion of whole blood. N Engl J Med 253:923–925, 1955.
Meyers JD, Huff JC, Holmes KK, et al: Parenterally transmitted hepatitis A associated with platelet transfusions: Epidemiologic study of an outbreak in a marrow transplantation center. Ann Intern Med 81:145–151, 1974.
Meyers JD, Dienstag JL, Purcell RH, et al: Parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis: An epidemic reassessed. Ann Intern Med. 87:57–59, 1977.
Seeberg S, Brandberg A, Hermodsson, S, et al: Hospital outbreak of hepatitis A secondary to blood exchange in a baby. Lancet 1:1155–1156, 1981.
Barbara J, Howell D, Briggs M, et al: Post-transfusion hepatitis S. Lancet 1:738, 1982.
Skidmore S, Boxhall E, Ala F: A case report of post-transfusion hepatitis A. J Med Virol 10:223, 1982.
Hollinger FB, Khan NC, Oefinger SS, et al: Post-transfusion hepatitis type A. JAMA 250:2313–2317, 1983.
Sheretz RJ, Russell SA, Reuman PD: Transmission of hepatitis A by transfusion of blood products. Arch Intern Med 144:1579–1580, 1984.
Giles JP, Krugman S: Viral hepatitis. Immunoglobulin response during the course of the disease. JAMA 208:497–503, 1968.
Iwarson S, Holmgren J: Patterns of immunoglobulins in acute viral hepatitis: Relation to hepatitis-associated antigen. J Infect Dis 125:178–182, 1972.
Peters CJ, Johnson KM: Serum immunoglobulins in acute viral hepatitis: Relation to hepatitis-associated antigen. Clin Exp Immunol 11:381–391, 1972.
Zhuang H, Kaldor J, Locarnini SA, et al: Serum immunoglobulin levels in acute A, S and non-A, non-B hepatitis. Gastroenterology 82:549–553, 1982.
Feinstone SM, Kapikian, AZ, Purcell RH: Hepatitis A: detection by immune electron microscopy of a virus-like antigen associated with acute illness. Science 182:1026–1028, 1973.
Locarnini SA, Ferris AA, Stott AC, et al: The relationship between a 27 nm virus-like particle and hepatitis A as demonstrated by immune electron microscopy. Intervirology 4:110–118, 1974.
Hollinger FB, Bradley DW, Maynard JE, et al: Detection of hepatitis A viral antigen by radioimmunoassay. J Immunol 115:1464–1466, 1975.
Purcell RH, Wong DC, Moritsugu Y, et al: A microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay for hepatitis A antigen and antibody. J Immunol 116:349–356, 1976.
Mathieson LR, Feinstone SM, Wong DC: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of hepatitis A antigen in stool and antibody to hepatitis A antigen in sera: Comparison with solid-phase radioimmunoassay, immune electron microscopy and immune adherence hemagglutination assay. J Clin Microbiol 7:184–193, 1978.
Ticehurst JR, Racaniello VR, Baroudy BM, et al: Molecular cloning and characterization of hepatitis A virus cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:5885–5889, 1983.
Ticehurst J, Feinstone SM, Chestnut T, et al: Detection of hepatitis A virus RNA by molecular hybridization. J Clin Microbiol 25:1822–1829, 1987.
Tassopoulos NC, Papaevangelou GJ, Ticehurst JR, et al: Fecal excretion of Greek strains of hepatitis A virus in patients with hepatitis A and in experimentally infected chimpanzees. J Infect Dis 154:231–257, 1986.
Jansen RW, Newbold JE, Lemon SM: Combined immunoaffinity cDNA-RNA hybridization assay for detection of hepatitis A virus in clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 22:984–989, 1985.
Locarnini SA, Ferris AA, Lehmann NF, et al: The antibody response following hepatitis A infection. Intervirology 8:309–318, 1977.
Locarnini SA, Coulepis AG, Stratton AM, et al: Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for detection of hepatitis A specific immunoglobulin M. J Clin Microbiol. 9:459–465, 1979.
Anderson DA, Coulepis AG, Chenoweth MP et al: Indirect immunofluorescence assay for the detection of hepatitis A virus-specific serum immunoglobulins. J Clin Microbiol 24:163–185, 1986.
Duermeyer W, Wielaard F, van der Veen J: A new principle for the detection of specific IgM antibodies applied in an ELISA for hepatitis A. J Med Virol 4:25–32, 1979.
Roggendorf M, Frösner GG, Deinhardt F: Comparison of solid phase test systems for demonstrating antibodies against hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) of the IgM-class. J Med Virol 5:47–62, 1980.
Parry JV, Mortimer PP: The heat sensitivity of hepatitis A virus determined by a single tissue culture method. J Med Virol 14:277–283, 1984.
Siegl G, Weitz M, Kronauer G: Stability of hepatitis A virus. Intervirology 22:218–226, 1984.
Provost PJ, Hilleman MR: Propagation of human hepatitis A virus in cell culture in vitro. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 160:213–221, 1979.
Locarnini SA, Coulepis AG, Westaway AG, et al: Restricted replication of human hepatitis A virus in cell culture: Intracellular biochemical studies. J Virol 37:216–225, 1981.
Wheeler C, Fields HA, Schable CA, et al: Absorption and growth characteristics of hepatitis A virus strain HA5-15 propagated in fetal rhesus monkey kidney cells (FRhK-4). J Clin Microbiol 23:434–440, 1986.
Krawczynski KS, Bradley DW, Murphy BL, et al: Pathogenic aspects of hepatitis A virus infection in enterally inoculated marmosets. Am J Clin Pathol 76:698–706, 1981.
Kurane I, Binn LN, Bancroft WH, et al: Human lymphocyte responses to hepatitis A virus-infected cells: Interferon production and lysis of infected cells. J Immunol 135:2140–2144, 1985.
Vallbracht A, Gabriel P, Maier K, et al: Cell-mediated cytotoxicity in hepatitis A virus infection. Hepatology 6:1308–1314, 1986.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Plenum Publishing Corporation
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Feinstone, S.M., Gust, I.D. (1989). Hepatitis A Infection: Clinical Aspects. In: Seeff, L.B., Lewis, J.H. (eds) Current Perspectives in Hepatology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7041-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7041-3_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-7043-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-7041-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive