Abstract
Stress has been defined by Selye (1950, 1957) as a nonspecific response to internal and external stimuli that induces hormonal changes which lead to depression of the immune system. Since stress alters the chemical balance of the body, it probably influences the development of diseases through its effect on the immune system. In order to understand the influence of physical or nonphysical stress on the susceptibility of mice to viral infections, we used avirulent West Nile virus.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akov, Y., Halevy, M., and Lustig, S., 1987, Neuroinvasiveness of West Nile virus strains and the use of the blood brain barrier (BBB), 7th International Congress of Virology, Edmonton, Canada, p. 74. Albrect, P., 1968, Pathogenesis of neurotropic arbovirus infections, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immun!. 43: 44–91.
Ben-Nathan, D., and Feuerstein, G., 1988a, Effect of cold or isolation stress on mortality of mice to West Nile virus, Annual Meeting of the Israel Society for Microbiology, Isr. J. Med. Sci. p. 393.
Ben-Nathan, D., and Feuerstein, G., 1988b, Stress enhancement of viral encephalitis, FASEB 72nd Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, p. 935.
Ben-Nathan, D., and Feuerstein, G., 1990, The influence of cold or isolation stress on resistance of mice to West Nile Virus, Experientia 46: 285–290.
Ben-Nathan, D., Heller, E. D., and Perek, M., 1977, The effect of starvation on antibody production of chicks, Poult. Sci. 56: 1468–1471.
Ben-Nathan D., Lustig, S., and Feuerstein, G., 1989, The influence of cold or isolation stress on neuroinvasiveness and virulence of an attenuated variant of West Nile Virus, Arch. Virol. 109: 1–10.
Chamberlain, R. W., 1980, Epidemiology of arthropod-borne togaviruses: The role of arthropods as hosts and vectors and of vertebrate hosts in natural transmission cycles, in: The Togaviruses: Biology, Structure, Replication ( R. W. Schlesinger, ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 175–227.
Dulbecco, R., and Vogt, M., 1956, Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis viruses, J. Exp. Med. 99: 167–182.
Forterfield, J. S., Casals, J., Chuma Kov, M. P., Gaidamovich, S. Y., Hannouon, C., Holmes, T. H., Horzinek, M. C., Mussay, M., Oker-Bloom, N., Russel, P. K., and Trent, D. W., 1978, Togaviridae, Intervirology 9: 129–148.
Friedman, S. B., and Glasgow, L. A., 1966, Psychologie factor and resistance to infectious disease, Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 13: 315–335.
Friedman, S. B., Glasgow, L. A., and Mir, R., 1970, Differential susceptibility to viral agent in mice housed alone or in group, Psychosom. Med. 32: 285–299.
Goldblum, N., Sterk, V. V., and Paderski, B., 1954, West Nile fever: The clinical features of the disease and the isolation of West Nile virus from the blood of nine human cases, Am. J. Hyg. 59: 89–103.
Halevy, M., Lustig, S., and Akov, Y., 1986, Neuroinvasiveness and replication in murine macrophages of two West Nile virus (WNV) strains, Annual Meeting of the Israel Society for Microbiology, !sr. J. Med. Sci. 22: 148.
Hayes, C. G., Bagar, S., Ahmed, T., Chowdhry, M. A., and Reisen, W. K., 1982, West Nile virus in Pakistan. I. Sero-epidemiological studies in Pungab province, Pans. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 76: 431–435.
Jensen, M. M., 1973, Possible mechanisms of impaired interferon production in stressed mice, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 142: 820–823.
Jensen, M. M., and Rasmussen, A. F., 1963, Stress and susceptibility to viral infections. II. Sound stress and susceptibility to vesicular stomatitis virus, J. Immunol. 90: 21–23.
Johanson, R. T., and Mins, C. A., 1968, Pathogenesis of viral infection of the nervous system, N. Engl. J. Med. 278: 84–92.
Johnson, T, Lavender, J. E, Mullin, E., and Rasmussen, A. F., 1963, The influence of avoidancelearning stress on resistance to coxsackie B virus in mice, J. Immunol. 91: 569–575.
Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Speicher, C., Holliday, J. E., and Glaser, R., 1984, Stress and the transformation of lymphocytes by Epstein—Barr virus, J. Behan Med. 7:1–11.
Kobiler, D., Lustig, S., Gozes, Y., Ben-Nathan, D., and Akov, Y., 1989, Sodium dodecyl-sulphate induces a breach in the blood brain barrier and enables a West Nile virus variant to penetrate into mouse brain, Brain Res. 496: 314–316.
Monath, T. P., 1983, Mode of entry of neurotropic arboviruses into the CNS, Lab. Invest. 48(4):399. Monath, T. P., 1986, Pathobiology of the Flaviviruses, in: The Togaviridae and Flaviviridae ( S. Schlesinger and M. J. Schlesinger eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 375–440.
Parillo, J. E., and Fauci, A. S., 1979, Mechanisms of glucocorticoid action on immune processes, Am. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 19: 279–301.
Rasmussen, A. F., March, J. T., and Brill, N. Q., 1957, Increased susceptibility to herpes simplex in mice subjected to avoidance-learning stress or restraint, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 96: 183–189.
Reed, L. G., and Muench, M., 1938, A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints, Am. J. Hyg. 27: 493–497.
Sapse, A. T., 1984. Stress cortisol, interferon and stress diseases. I. Cortisol as the cause of stress diseases, Med. Hypothesis 13: 31–44.
Selye, H., 1950, The Physiology and Pathology of Exposure to Stress, Acta. Inc. Montreal.
Selye, H., 1957, Implications of stress concept, N.Y. State J. Med. 1957: 2139–2145.
Weiner, L. P., Cole, G. A., and Nathanson, N., 1970, Experimental encephalitis following peripheral inoculation of West Nile virus in mice of different ages, J. Hyg. 68: 435–446.
Wolinsky, J. S., and Johanson, R. T, 1980, Role of viruses in chronic neurological diseases, Compr. Virol. 16: 257.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Plenum Publishing Corporation
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ben-Nathan, D., Lustig, S., Feuerstein, G. (1991). The Effect of Cold or Isolation Stress on Neuroinvasiveness and Neurovirulence of an Avirulent Variant of West Nile Virus (WN-25). In: Kurstak, E. (eds) Psychiatry and Biological Factors. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5811-4_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5811-4_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5813-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5811-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive