Skip to main content
View expanded cover

The Respiratory Burst and Its Physiological Significance pp 277–298Cite as

The Respiratory Burst and Carcinogenesis

  • Chapter

Abstract

Recent experimental evidence implicating oxygen-derived free radicals* in carcinogenesis has supported prior observations that link certain chronic inflammatory conditions to cancer. In this chapter we review data that support the notion that these radicals, many of which are derived from the respiratory burst of phagocytes, interact with target cells and thereby result in cellular changes that permit expression of the cancer phenotype. We first review the respiratory burst in phagocytes and then address the association between inflammation and cancer. The multistep model of carcinogenesis is discussed, followed by a presentation of the evidence linking oxygen-derived free radicals with the following events: (1) DNA and chromosomal alterations, (2) nucleoside modification, (3) activation of xenobiotics to genotoxic intermediates, (4) malignant transformation, and (5) tumor promotion (Fig. 1).

Keywords

  • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
  • Phorbol Myristate Acetate
  • Phorbol Ester
  • Respiratory Burst
  • Tumor Promotion

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5496-3_13
  • Chapter length: 22 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-1-4684-5496-3
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Softcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Weiss SJ: Oxygen, ischemia and inflammation. Acta Physiol Scand 126: 9–37, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Babior B: The respiratory burst of phagocytes. J Clin Invest 73: 599–607, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Babior B: Oxidants from phagocytes: Agents of defense and destruction. Blood 64: 959–966, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Marasco WA, Phan SH, Krutzsch H, et al: Purification and identification of formyl-methionyl- leucyl-phenylalanine as the major peptide neutrophil chemotactic factor produced by E. coli. J Biol Chem 259: 5430–5439, 1984.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cheson BD, Curnutte JT, Babior BM: The oxidative killing mechanism of the neutrophil. Prog Clin Immunol 3: 1–65, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Rossi F and Zatti M: Biochemical aspects of phagocytosis in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. NADH and NADPH oxidation by the granules of resting and phagocytising cells. Experientia (Basel) 20: 21–23, 1964.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gabig TG, Schervish EW, Santiaga JT: Functional relationship of the cytochrome b to the superox- ide-generating oxidase of human neutrophils. J Biol Chem 257: 4114–4119, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Babior, BM: The nature of the NADPH oxidase. Adv Host Defense Mech 3: 91, 1983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Curnutte ST, Kuver R, Babior BM: Activation of the respiratory burst oxidase in a fully soluble system from human neutrophils. J Biol Chem 262: 6450–6452, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Britigan BE, et al: Do human neutrophils make hydroxyl radical? Determination of free radicals generated by human neutrophils activated with a soluble or particulate stimulus using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 261: 4426–4431, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Weil S, Rosner C, Reid MS, et at: DNA cloning of human myeloperoxidase: Decrease in my-eloperoxidase mRNA upon induction of HL-60 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 2057–2061, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Test ST, Lampert MB, Ossana PJ, et al: Generation of nitrogen-chlorine oxidants by human phagocytes. J Clin Invest 74: 1341–1349, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Weiss SJ, Lampert MB, Test ST: Long-lived oxidants generated by human neutrophils: Charac-terization and bioactivity. Science 222: 625–628, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kuehl FA, Humes JC, Hass EA, et al: Inflammation: The role of peroxidase-derived products. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res 6: 77–86, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Cadenas E, Sies H, Nastainczyk W, Ullrich V: Singlet oxygen formation detected by low-level chemiluminescence during enzymatic reduction of prostaglandin G2 to H2. Hoppe Seylers Z Phys-iol Chem 364: 519–528, 1983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Majerus PW, Connolly TM, Deckmegn H, et al: The metabolism of phosphoinositide-derived messenger molecules. Science 234: 1519–1526, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Southorn PA, Powis G: Free radicals in medicine I. Chemical nature and biologic reactions II. Involvement in human disease. Mayo Clin Proc 63: 381–408, 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Boerhave H, from Shimkin MB: Contrary to nature. DHEW publication No. (NIH) 76–720, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, 1977, pp 79–80.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Virchow R: Cellular Pathology as Based upon Physiological and Pathological Histology. Chance F (Trans). New York, Dover, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lawrence EA: Carcinoma arising in the scars of thermal burns. Surg Gynecol Obstet 95: 579–588, 1952.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gardner AW: Trauma and squamous skin cancer. Lancet 1: 760–761, 1959.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Menkin V: Role of inflammation in carcinogenesis. Br Med J 5186: 1585–1594, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Cruickshank AH, McConnell EM, Miller DG: Malignancy in scars, chronic ulcers and sinuses. J Clin Pathol 16: 573–580, 1963.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Cameron AJ, Oh BJ, Payne WS: The incidence of adenocarcinoma in columnar-lined (Barrett’s) esophagus. N Engl J Med 313: 857–859, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Dahms BB, Rothstein FC: Barrett’s esophagus in children: A consequence of chronic gas-troesophageal reflux. Gastroenterology 86: 318–323, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Collins RH, Feldman M, Fordtran JS: Colon cancer, dysplasia and surveillance in patients with ulcerative colitis: A critical review. N Engl J Med 316: 1654–1658, 1987.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Korelitz BI: Carcinoma of the intestinal tract in Crohn’s disease: Results of a survey conducted by the National Foundation for Ileitis and Colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 78: 44–46, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dolberg DS, Hollingsworth R, Hertle M, Bissel MJ: Wounding and its role in RSV-mediated tumor formation. Science 230: 676–678, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Konstantinides A, Smulow JB, Sonnenschein C: Tumorigenesis at a predetermined oral site after one intraperitoneal injection of Af-Nitroso-N-Methyurea. Science 216: 1235–1237, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Rogers S, Rous P: Joint action of a chemical carcinogen and a neoplastic virus to induce cancer in rabbits. J Exp Med 93: 459–488, 1951.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Friedwald UF, Rous P: Initiating and promoting elements in tumor production: Analysis of effects of tar, benzylpyrene, and methylcholanthrene on rabbit skin. J Exp Med 80: 101 - 126, 1944.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Hennings RH, Boutwell RK: Studies on the mechanism of skin tumor promotion. Cancer Res 30: 312–320, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Clark-Lewis I, Murray AW: Tumor promotion and the induction of epidermal ornithine decarbox-ylase activity in mechanically stimulated mouse skin. Cancer Res 38: 494–497, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Argyris TS: Tumor promotion by regenerative epidermal hyperplasia in mouse skin. J Cutaneous Pathol 9: 1–18, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Marks F, Fiirstenberger G: Tumor promotion in skin: Are active oxygen species involved?, in Sies H (ed): Oxidative Stress. New York, Academic, 1985, pp 437–475.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Marjolin JN: Dictionnaire de medicine, ed 2. 1846.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hawkins C: Cases of warty tumors in cicatrices. Med Chir Trans Lond 19: 19–34, 1835.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. DaCosta JC: Carcinomatous changes in an area of chronic ulceration of Marjolin’s ulcer. Ann Surg 37: 496–502, 1903.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Lovell WW, King RE, Alldredge R: Carcinoma of skin, sinuses and bone following chronic osteomyelitis. South Med J 50: 266–271, 1957.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Curry SS, Gaither DH, King LE: Squamous cell carcinoma arising in dissecting perifolliculitis of the scalp. A case report and review of secondary squamous cell carcinomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 37: 673–678, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Felson B, Ralaisomoy G: Carcinoma of the lung complicating lipoid pneumonia. Am J Radiol 141: 901–907, 1983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ferguson AR: Associated bilharziosis and primary malignant disease of the urinary bladder, with observations on a series of forty cases. J Pathol Bacteriol 16: 76–94, 1911.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Locke JR, Hill DE, Walzer Y: Incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in patients with long term catheter drainage. J Urol 133 (6): 1034–1035, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Chapman WH, Kirchheim D, McRoberts JW: Effect of the urine and calculus formation on the incidence of bladder tumors in rats implanted with paraffin wax pellets. Cancer Res 33:1225– 1229, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Brandborg L: Neoplasms of the esophagus, in Beeson PB, McDermott W (eds): Textbook of Medicine. New York, WB Saunders, 1975, pp 1290–1293.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Way LW: Chronic cholecystitis, in Beeson PB, McDermott W (eds): Textbook of Medicine. New York, WB Saunders, 1975, pp 1313–1316.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Templeton AC: Acquired diseases, in Fraumeni JF Jr (ed): Persons at High Risk of Cancer: An Approach to Cancer Etiology and Control. New York, Academic, 1975, pp 175–183.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Craighead JE, Mossman BT: The pathogenesis of asbestos-associated diseases. N Engl J Med 306: 1446–1455, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Mossman BT, Marsh JP: Mechanisms of Toxic Inury by Asbestos Fibers: Role of Oxygen-free Radicals, in Beck EG, Bignon J (eds): NATO ASI Series in Vitro Effects of Mineral Dusts. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Goodglick LA, Kane AB: Role of reactive oxygen metabolites in crocidolite asbestos toxicity to mouse macrophages. Cancer Res 46: 5558–5566, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Argyris TS, Slaga TJ: Promotion of carcinomas by repeated abrasion in initiated skin of mice. Cancer Res 41: 5793–5795, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Diamond L, O’Brien TG, Baird WM: Tumor promoters and the mechanism of tumor promotion. Adv Cancer Res 32: 1–74, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Whittemore A, McMillan A: Lung cancer mortality among U.S. uranium miners: A reappraisal. J Natl Cancer Inst 71: 489–99, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Berenblum I: The carcinogenic action of croton resin. Cancer Res 11: 44–48, 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Pitot HC: The natural history of neoplastic development: The relation of experimental models to human cancer. Cancer 49: 1206–1211, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Pitot HC: The stages of initiation and promotion in hepatocarcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 605 (2): 191–215, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Pitot HC, Et Al: Properties of incomplete carcinogens and promoters in hepatocarcinogenesis, in Hecker E Et Al (eds): Carcinogenesis. New York, Raven, 1982, vol 7.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Chester JF, Gaissert HA, Ross JS, et al: A [4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide induced bladder cancer in mice: Augmentation by sutures through the bladder wall. J Urol 137: 769–771, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Lasser A, Acosta AE: Colonic neoplasms complicating uretero-sigmoidostomy. Cancer 35 (4): 1218–1222, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Crissey MM, Steele GD, Gittes RF: Rat model for carcinogenesis in ureterosigmoidostomy. Science 207: 1079–1080, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Bristol JB, Williamson RCN: Ureterosigmoidostomy and colon carcinogenesis. Science 214: 351, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Pitot HC: Chemicals and cancer initiation and promotion. Hosp Prac 18 (7): 101–113, 1983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Slaga TJ, Sivak A, Boutwell RK (eds): Carcinogenesis: A Comprehensive Survey. New York, Raven, 1978, vol 2: Mechanism of Tumor Promotion and Cocarcinogenesis.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Slaga TJ (ed): Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1984, vol

    Google Scholar 

  65. Hsia CC: Possible roles of fungal infection and mycotoxin in human esophageal carcinogenesis, in Harris CC, Autrup HN (eds): Human Carcinogenesis. New York, Academic, 1983, pp 883–911.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Ames BN, McCann J, Yamaski E: Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test. Mutat Res 31: 347–364, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. McCann J, Ames BN: Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in Salmonella microsome test: Assay of 300 chemicals. Discussion. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 73: 950–954, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Slaga TJ: Overview of chemical carcinogenesis and anticarcinogenesis, in Nygaard OF, Simic MG (eds): Radioprotectors and Anticarcinogens. New York, Academic. 1983, pp 437–448.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Miller EC: Some current perspectives on chemical carcinogenesis in humans and experimental animals. Cancer Res 38: 1479–1496, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Miller EC, Miller JA: The metabolism of chemical carcinogens to reactive electrophiles and their possible mechanisms of action in carcinogenesis, in Searle CE (ed): Chemical Carcinogens. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1976, pp 737–762.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Snyder RD: An examination of the DNA damaging and repair inhibitory capacity of phorbol myristate acetate in human diploid fibroblasts. Carcinogenesis 6: 1667–1670, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Kinzel V, Fürstenberger G, Loehoke H, Marks F: Three stage tumorigenesis in mouse skin. DNA synthesis as a prerequisite for the conversion stage induced by TPA prior to initiation. Carcinogenesis 7: 779–782, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Farber E, Cameron R: The sequential analysis of cancer development. Adv Cancer Res 31:125– 226, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Farber E: Chemical carcinogenesis. N Engl J Med 305: 1379, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Driedger PE, Blumberg PM: Specific binding of phorbol ester tumor promoters. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 77: 567–71, 1980.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Shoyab M, Todaro GJ: Specific high affinity cell membrane receptors for biologically active phorbol and ingerol esters. Nature (Lond) 288: 451–455, 1980.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Nishizuka V: Studies and perspectives of protein kinase C. Science 233: 305–312, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Slaga TJ, Solanki V, Logani M: Studies on the Mechanism of Action of antitumor promoting agents: Suggestive evidence for the involvement of free radicals in promotion, in Nygaard OF, Simic MG (eds): Radioprotectors and Anticarcinogens. New York, Academic, 1983, p 471.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Mastro AM: Phorbol esters: Tumors promotion, cell regulation and the immune system. Lymphognes 6: 263–313, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Yuspa SH, Ben T, Patterson E, et al: Stimulated DNA synthesis in mouse epidermal cell cultures treated with 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. Cancer Res 36: 4062–4068, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Yuspa SH, Ben T, Hennings H, Lichti U: Divergent responses in epidermal basal cells exposed to the tumor promoter TPA. Cancer Res 42: 2344–2349, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Slaga TJ, Rotstein JB, O’Connell JF: The possible involvement of free radicals in skin tumor progression, in Second International Conference on Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation Protection, Gaithersburg, Maryland, March 8–12, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Birnboim HC: DNA strand breakage in human leukocytes exposed to a tumor promoter, PMA. Science 215: 1242–1249, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Birnboim HC, Kanabus-Kaminska M: The production of DNA strand breaks in human leukocytes by superoxide anion may involve a metabolic process. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 84: 6820–6824, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Birnboim HC: Factors which affect DNA strand breakage in human leukocytes exposed to a tumor promotor, phorbol myristate acetate. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 60 (11): 1359–1366, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Birnboim HC, Biggar WD: Failure of phorbol myristate acetate to produce damage to DNA in leukocytes from patients with CGD. Infection Immun 38 (3): 1299–1300, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Birnboim HC: Importance of DNA strand break damage in tumor promotion, in Nygaard OF, Simic MG (eds): Radioprotectors and Anticarcinogenesis. New York, Academic, p 539.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Fridovich I: Superoxide radical: An endogenous toxicant. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 23:239– 257, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Spragg RF, Hinshaw DB, Hyslop PA, et al: Alteration in ATP and energy charge in cultured endothelial and P388D! cells following oxidant injury. J Clin Invest 76: 1471–1476, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Schraiifstatter IU, Hinshaw DB, Hyslop PA, et al: Glutathione cycle activity and pyridine nucleotide levels in oxidant induced injury of cells. J Clin Invest 76: 1131–1139, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Nathan CF, Silverstein SC, Brukner LH, Cohn ZA: Extracellular cytolysis by activated macrophages and granulocytes. II. Hydrogen peroxide as a mediator of cytotoxicity. J Exp Med 149: 100–113, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Nathan CF, Arrick BA, Murray HW, et al: Tumor cell antioxidant defenses: Inhibition of the glutathione redox cycle enhances macrophage mediated glycolysis. J Exp Med 158 766–788, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Weiss SJ, Young J, LoBuglio AF, Slivka A: Role of hydrogen peroxide in neutrophil mediated destruction of cultured endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 68: 714–724, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Simon RH, Scroggin CH, Patterson D: Hydrogen peroxide causes fatal injury to human fibroblasts exposed to oxygen radicals. J Biol Chem 256: 7181–7186, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Schraiifstatter IU, Hinshaw DB, Hyslop PA, et al: Oxidant injury of cells. DNA strand breaks activate poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase and lead to depletion of NAD. J Clin Invest 77: 1312–1320, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Levin DE, Hollstein M, Christman MF, Et Al: A new Salmonella tester strain (CTA 102) with A.T. base pairs at the site of mutation detects oxidative mutagens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:7445– 7449, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Barak M, Ulitzur S, Merzbach D: Phagocytosis induced mutagenesis in bacteria. Mutat Res 121:7– 16, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Farr SP, D’Ari R, Touati D: Oxygen dependent mutagenesis in E. coli lacking SOD. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 8268–8272, 1986.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Fulton AM, Loveless SE, Heppner GH: Mutagenic activity of tumor associated macrophages in Salmonella typhimeurium strains TA98 and TA100. Cancer Res 44: 4308–4311, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Yamashima K, Miller B, Heppner GH: Macrophage-mediated induction of drug resistant variants in a mouse mammary tumor cell line. Cancer Res 46: 2396–2401, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Weitzman SA, Stossel TP: Mutation caused by human phagocytes. Science 212: 546–547, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Weitzman SA, Stossel TP: Phagocyte-induced mutation in Chinese Hamster ovary cells. Cancer Lett 22: 337–341, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Hsie AW, Resio L, Katz S, Lee CQ, et al: Evidence for reactive oxygen species inducing mutations in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 9616–9620, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Zimmerman RA, Cerutti P: Active oxygen acts as a promoter of transformation in mouse embryo C3H/10T 1/2/C18 fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 2085–2087, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Lesko SA, Lorentzen RJ, Tsao PO: Role of superoxide in deoxyribonucleic acid strand scission. Biochemistry 19: 3023–3028, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Weitzman SA, Weitberg AR, Clark EP, Stossel TP: Phagocytes as carcinogens: Malignant transformation produced by human neutrophils. Science 227: 1231–1233, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Borek C, Troll W: Modifiers of free radicals inhibit in vitro the oncogenic actions of x-rays, bleomycin and the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 1304–1307, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Friedman J, Cerutti P: The induction of ornithine decarboxylase by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or by serum is inhibited by antioxidants. Carcinogenesis 4: 1425–1427, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Borek C, Ong A, Mason H, et al: Selenium and vitamin E inhibit radiogenic and chemically induced transformation in vitro via different mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 1490–1494, 1986.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Kasai H, Nishimura S: Hydroxylation of deoxyguanosine at the C-8 position by ascorbic acid and other reducing agents. Nucleic Acid Res 12: 2137–2145, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Floyd RA, Watson JJ, Horvis J, et al: Formation of 8-hyd radical adduct of DNA in granulocytes exposed to the tumor promoter, tetradecanoylphorbolace- tate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 137: 841–846, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Lewis JG, Adams DO: Induction of 5,6-ring saturated thymine bases in NIH-3T3 cells by phorbol ester stimulated macrophoges, role of reactive oxygen intermediates. Cancer Res 45: 1270–1275, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Kasai H, Tanooka H, Nishimura S: Formation of 8-hydroxyguanosine by x-irradiation. Gann 75: 1037–1039, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Kasai H, Nishimura S: DNA damage induced by asbestos in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Gann 75: 841–844, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Kasai H, Nishimura S: Hydroxylation of deoxyguanosine at the C-8 position by polysterols and aminophenols in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and ferric ion. Gann 75: 565–566, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Frenkel K, Chrzan K, Troll W, et al: Radiation-like modification of bases of DNA exposed to tumor promoter-activated polymorphonuclear luekocytes. Cancer Res 46: 5533–5540, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Frenkel K, Chrzan K: Hydrogen peroxide formation and DNA base modification by tumor promoter activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Carcinogenesis 8: 455–460, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Fischer SM: Arachidonate cascade and skin tumor promotion, in Thaler-Dao H, Crostes de Paulet GA, Paoletti R (eds): Icosanoids and Cancer. New York, Raven, 1984, p 79.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Marnett LJ: Arachidonic acid and tumor initiation, in Marnett LJ (ed): Arachidonic Acid Metabo-lism and Tumor Initiation. Boston, Martinus Niljhoff, 1985, pp 39–82.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Dix TA, Marnett LA: Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives to ultimate carcinogens during lipid peroxidation. Science 221: 77–79, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Trush MA, Kensler TW, Seed JL: Activation of xenobiotics by human PMN via reactive oxygen dependent reactions, in Kocsis JJ, Jollow DJ, Witmer M, et al (eds): Biological Reactive Inter-mediates. New York, Plenum, 1986, vol III, p 311.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Trush MA, Seed JL, Kensler TA: Oxidant dependent metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by phorbol ester-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: Possible link between inflammation and cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 5194–5198, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Jerina DM, Daly JW: Oxidation at carbon, in Parke DV, Smith RL (eds): Drug Metabolism. London, Taylor & Francis, 1977, pp 15–33.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Jerina DM, Lehr RE, Yogi H, et al: Mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene derivatives and the description of a quantum mechanical model which predicts the ease of carbonium ion formation from diol epoxides, in de Serres FJ, Fouts JR (eds): In Vitro Metabolic Activation and Mutagenesis Testing. Amsterdam, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, 1976, pp 159–177.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Epe B, Schiffman D, Metzler M: Possible role of oxygen radicals in cell transformation by diethylstilbesterol and related compounds. Carcinogenesis 7: 1329–1334, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Eling T, Curtis J, Battista J, Marnett LJ: Oxidation of (+)-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-di- hydrobenzo[a]pyrene by mouse keratinocytes: Evidence for peroxyl radical—and monooxygenase dependent metabolism. Carcinogenesis 7: 1957–1963, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Ghoshol A, Rushmore IH, Ghazarian D, et al: Dietary choline deficiency as a new model to study the possible role of free radicals in acute cell injury and in carcinogenesis, in Second International Conference on Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation Protection, Gaithersburg, Maryland, March 8– 12, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Egner PA, Kensler TW: Effects of a biomimetic superoxide dismutase on complete and multistage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Carcinogenesis 6: 1167–1172, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Egner PA, Taffe BG, Kensler TW: Effects of copper complexes on multistage carcinogenesis, in Sorenson JRJ (ed): Medicinal Uses of Copper. Clifton, New Jersey, Human Press, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Cerutti P: Prooxidant states and tumor promotion. Science 227: 375–381, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Cerutti PA, Amstad P, Emerit I: Tumor promoter PMA induces membrane mediated chromosomal damage, in Nygaard OF, Simic MG (eds): Radioprotectors and Anticarcinogenesis. New York, Academic, 1983, pp 527–538.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Emerit I, Cerutti P: Icosanoids and chromosome damage, in Thaler-Dao H, Crostes de Paulet GA, Paoletti R: Icosanoids and Cancer. New York, Raven, 1984, pp 127–138. roxydeoxyguanosine, hydroxyl free

    Google Scholar 

  133. Kozumbo WJ, Muehlematter D, Jörg A, et al: Phorbol ester induced formation of a clastogenic factor from human monocytes. Carcinogenesis 8: 521–526, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Kinsella JR, St. C. Garner H, Butler J: Investigation of a possible role for superoxide anion production in tumor promotion. Carcinogenesis 4: 717–719, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Reddy JK, Reddy MK, Usman MI, et al: Comparison of hepatic peroxisome proliferative effect and its implications for hepatocarcinogenicity of pthalate esters di(2-ethylhexyl) pthalate and di(2- ethylhexyl) adipate with hypolipidemic drug. Environ Health Persp 65: 317–327, 1986.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Weitberg AB, Weitzman SA, Destremps M, et al: Stimulated human phagocytes produce cytoge-netic changes in cultured mammalian cells. N Engl J Med 308: 26–29, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Weitberg AB, Weitzman SA, Clark EP, Stossel TP: Effects of antioxidants on oxidant induced sister chromatid exchange formation. J Clin Invest 75: 1835–1841, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Slaga TJ, Klein-Szanto AJP, Triplett LC, et al: Skin tumor promoting activity of benzoyl peroxide, a widely used free radical generating compound. Science 213: 1023–1025, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Marks F, Fürstenberger G, Kownatzki E: Prostaglandin E-mediated mitogenic stimulation of mouse epidermis in vivo by divalent cation ionophore A23187 and by tumor promoter 12-0- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Cancer Res 41: 696–702, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. O’Connell JF, Klein-Szanto AJP, DiGiovanni DM, et al: Enhanced malignant progression of mouse skin tumors by the free radical generator benzoyl peroxide. Cancer Res 46: 2863–2865, 1986.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Bock FG, Burns R: Tumor-promoting properties of anthralin (1,8,9-anthratriol). J Natl Cancer Inst 30: 393–397, 1963.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Hirata F, Axelrod J: Phospholipid methylation and biological signal transmission. Science 209: 1082–1090, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Troll W, Frenkel K, Teebor G: Free oxygen radicals: Necessary contributors to tumor promotion and cocarcinogenesis, in Fukiki H, et al (eds): Cellular Interactions by Environmental Tumor Promoters. Utrecht, VNU Science Press, 1984, pp 207–218.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Troll W, Witz G, Goldstein B, Et Al: The role of free oxygen radicals in tumor promotion and carcinogenesis, in Hecker F, Fusening NE, Kunz W, Et Al (eds): Carcinogenesis—A Comprehen-sive Survey. New York, Raven, 1982, vol 7, pp 593–597.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Tauber, AI, Brettler DB, Kennington EA, Blumberg PM: Relation of human neutrophil phorbol ester receptor occupancy and NADPH-oxidase activity. Blood 60: 333, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Troll W, Wiesner R: Protease inhibitors as anticarcinogens and radioprotectors, in Nygaard OF, Simic MG (eds): Radioprotectors and Anticarcinogens. New York, Academic, 1983, p 567.

    Google Scholar 

  147. Troll W, Wiesner R: The role of oxygen radicals as a possible mechanism of tumor promotion. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 25: 509–528, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Freeman BA, Crapo JD: Biology of disease: Free radical and tissue injury. Lab Invest 82: 412, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Fischer SM, Adams LM: Supression of tumor promoter-induced chemiluminescence in mouse epidermal cells by several inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. Cancer Res 45: 3130–3136, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Fischer SM, Baldwin JK, Adams LM: Effects of anti-promoters and strain of mouse on tumor promoter-induced oxidants in murine epidermal cells. Carcinogenesis 7: 915–918, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Fisher SM, Baldwin JK, Adams LM: Phospholipase C mimics tumor promoter induced chem-iluminescence in murine epidermal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 131: 1103–1108, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  152. Jeng AY, Lichti U, Strickland JE, Blumberg PM: Similar effects of phospholipase C and phorbol ester tumor promoters on primary mouse epidermal cells. Cancer Res 45:5714–5721, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  153. Witz G, Goldstein BD, Amoruso M, Et Al: Retinoid inhibition of superoxide anion radical produc-tion by human PMN stimulated with tumor promoters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 97:883– 888, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  154. Goldstein BD, Witz G, Amoruso M, Troll W: Protease inhibitors antagonize the activation of PMN oxygen consumption. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 88: 854–860, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Goldstein B, Witz G, Zimmerman J, Gee C: Free radicals and reactive oxygen sp promotion, in Greenwald PA, Cohen G (eds): Oxyradicals and Their Scavenger Systems. New York, Elsevier, 1983, vol II: Cellular and Medical Aspects, pp 321–325.

    Google Scholar 

  156. Kozumbo WJ, Trush MA, Kensler TW: Are free radicals involved in tumor promotion? Chem Biol Interac 54: 199–207, 1985.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Kozumbo WJ, Seed JL, Kensler TW: Inhibition by 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and other antioxidants of epidermal ODC activity induced by TP A. Cancer Res 43: 2555–2559, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Kensler TW, Bush DM, Kozumbo WJ: Inhibition of tumor promotion by a biomimetic superoxide dismutase. Science 221: 75–77, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Perchellet JP, Owen MD, Posey TD, et al: Inhibitory effects of glutathione level-raising agents and D-tocopherol on ornithine decarboxylase induction and mouse skin tumor promotion by 12-0- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Carcinogenesis 6: 567–573, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Perchellet JP, Perchellet EM, Orten DK, Schneider BA: Decreased ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione in mouse epidermal cells treated with tumor promoters. Carcinogenesis 7: 503–506, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Schwartz F, Peres G, Kunz W, et al: On the role of superoxide anion radicals in skin tumor promotion. Carcinogenesis 5: 1663–1670, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Czerniecki B, Gad SC, Reilly C, et al: Phorbol diacetate inhibits superoxide anion radical production and tumor promotion by mezerein. Carcinogenesis 7: 1637–1641, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Kensler TW, Taffe BG: Free radicals in tumor promotion. Adv Free Radical Biol Med 2: 347–387, 1986.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Krinsky NI, Deneke SM: Interaction of oxygen and oxyradicals with carotenoids. J Natl Cancer Inst 69: 205–209, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Gschwendt M, Horn F, Kittstein W, et al: Calcium and phospholipid dependent protein kinase activity in mouse epidermis cytosol. Stimulation by complete and incomplete tumor promoters and inhibition by various compounds. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 124: 63–68, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Krinksy NI: Mechanisms of inactivation of oxygen species by carotenoids, in Second International Conference on Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation Protection, Gaithersburg, Maryland, March 8– 12, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  167. Burton GW, Ingold KU: Beta-carotene an unusual type of lipid antioxidant. Science 224: 569–573, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Marnett LJ: Peroxyl free radicals: Potential mediators of tumor initiation and promotion. Carcinogenesis 8: 1365–1373, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Cerutti PA: Multistep carcinogenesis, in Second International Conference on Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation Protection, Gaithersburg, Maryland, March 8–12, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology and the Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA

    Leo I. Gordon & Sigmund A. Weitzman

Authors
  1. Leo I. Gordon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sigmund A. Weitzman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. St. Margaret’s Hospital for Women, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Anthony J. Sbarra

  2. Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Anthony J. Sbarra

  3. Clinical Pathology Facility, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Robert R. Strauss

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gordon, L.I., Weitzman, S.A. (1988). The Respiratory Burst and Carcinogenesis. In: Sbarra, A.J., Strauss, R.R. (eds) The Respiratory Burst and Its Physiological Significance. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5496-3_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5496-3_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5498-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5496-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive