Abstract
The ideal aqueous solution for use in cryobiology would be one which was completely non-toxic and which could be cooled to liquid nitrogen temperatures and returned to room temperature without the formation of ice or any other crystalline phase. Unfortunately requirements of non-toxicity and non-freezing are rarely compatible and the cryobiological techniques which have been developed represent a variety of compromises. On one extreme is the technique known as cryopreservation by vitrification (1,2,3). In this technique large weight fractions of solute are added to the cryopreservation solution and the solution forms a glass on cooling, but the solutes are usually toxic to some extent at the high concentrations involved. Given the toxicity problem, the concentration of solutes is usually kept to the minimum needed for glass formation and as a result the glass usually forms ice briefly during warming. Hence ice is not totally avoided. At the other extreme (4), the solutions are loaded with only relatively minor amounts of solute and the solution inevitably forms a large, approaching equilibrium, quantity of ice during the cooling and heating excursion.
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MacFarlane, D.R., Forsyth, M. (1987). Devitrification and Recrystallization of Glass Forming Aqueous Solutions. In: Pegg, D.E., Karow, A.M. (eds) The Biophysics of Organ Cryopreservation. NATO ASI Series, vol 147. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5469-7_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5469-7_12
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