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Regulation of Messenger RNA Translation at the Elongation Step during Estradiol-Induced Vitellogenin Synthesis in Avian Liver

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Book cover Translational Regulation of Gene Expression

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Abstract

Translation of all internal messenger RNA (mRNA) codons is described as polypeptide chain elongation, a process that requires aminoacylated transfer RNAs (tRNAs) (excluding tRNA-Metf), GTP, and elongation factors in addition to mRNA and ribosomes. The two major steps in polypeptide chain elongation are, first, the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes at the ribosomal A site, followed by peptidyltransferase, and, second, translocation of the newly formed peptidyl-tRNA from the A position to the ribosomal P site. The structures of ribosomal particles, initiator tRNAs, and termination factors are somewhat different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; however, their basic roles in translation are quitter similar, especially in terms of polypeptide elongation. Eukaryotic systems will be emphasized in this discussion. The purpose of this chapter is to first summarize in Section 2 current information regarding polypeptide elongation by(1) citing representative examples of systems in which the parameter has been analyzed experimentally, (2) describing methodology used to measure the elongation parameter, and (3) describing in some detail the apparent nonuniform rates of polypeptide elongation in avian liver that occur after administration of 17α-estradiol. Section 3 focuses on the regulatory mechanisms thay may be involved in modulating the elongation step. Section 4 closes with comments on the role of regulation at the level of polypeptide chain elongation in overall gene regulation. A recent review addresses the more global aspects of eukaryonic protein synthesis.1

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard-M.I.T. Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA

    Lee Gehrke

  2. Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA

    Lee Gehrke

  3. Department of Developmental Genetics and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA

    Joseph Ilan

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  1. Lee Gehrke
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  2. Joseph Ilan
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Developmental Genetics and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA

    Joseph Ilan

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© 1987 Plenum Press, New York

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Gehrke, L., Ilan, J. (1987). Regulation of Messenger RNA Translation at the Elongation Step during Estradiol-Induced Vitellogenin Synthesis in Avian Liver. In: Ilan, J. (eds) Translational Regulation of Gene Expression. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5365-2_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5365-2_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5367-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5365-2

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