Skip to main content

Recent Research on the Centromedian and Parafascicular Nuclei

  • Conference paper
The Basal Ganglia II

Part of the book series: Advances in Behavioral Biology ((ABBI,volume 32))

Abstract

The basal ganglia, by strict definition, are “large subcortical nuclear masses classically considered to be telencephalic derivatives” (Carpenter, 1983). However, there are other regions of the brain, such as the substantia nigra, that are closely related to the basal ganglia, but which lie outside of the telencephalon. It has been known for a long time that the centromedian (CM) and parafascicular (Pf) nuclei are intimately associated with the basal ganglia. These nuclei are part of the thalamus and represent the caudal group of intralaminar nuclei. The present paper will concentrate on recent evidence from other laboratories, as well as from data generated by my associates and I, about these nuclei in the cat.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Arikuni, T., and Kubota, K., 1986, The organization of prefrontocaudate projections and their laminar origin in the macaque monkey: a retrograde study using HRP-gel, J. Comp. Neurol., 244:492.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beckstead, R.M., 1984, The thalamostriatal projection in the cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 223:313.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beckstead, R.M., Domesick, V.B., and Nauta, W.J.H., 1979, Efferent connections of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the rat. Brain Res., 175:191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beckstead, R.M., and Kersey, K.S., 1985, Immunohistochemical demonstration of differential substance P-, met-enkephalin-, and glutamic-aciddecarboxylase-containing cell body and axon distributions in the corpus striatum of the cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 232:481.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bentivoglio, M., Macchi, G., and Albanese, A., 1981, The cortical projections of the thalamic intralaminar nuclei, as studied in cat and rat with the multiple fluorescent retrograde tracing technique, Neurosci. Letts. 26:5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berman, A.L., 1968, “The Brain Stem of the Cat. A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas with Stereotaxic Coordinates,” The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berman, A.L., and Jones, E.G., 1982, “The Thalamus and Basal Telencephalon of the Cat. A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas with Stereotaxic Coordinates,” The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, M.B., 1983, Interconnections between the corpus striatum and brain stem nuclei, in: “The Basal Ganglia: Structure and Function,” J.S. McKenzie, R.E. Kemm, and C.N. Wilcock, eds., Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, M.B., Nakano, K., and Kim, R., 1976, Nigrothalamic projections in the monkey demonstrated by autoradiographic techniques, J. Comp. Neurol., 165:401.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, M.B., and Peter, P., 1972, Nigrostriatal and nigrothalamic fibers in the rhesus monkey, J. Comp. Neurol., 144:93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clavier, R.M., Atmadja, S., and Fiberger, H.C., 1978, Nigrothalamic projections in the rat as demonstrated by orthograde and retrograde tracing techniques, Brain Res. Bull., 1:379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Comans, P.E., and Snow, P.J., 1981, Ascending projections to nucleus parafascicularis of the cat, Brain Res., 230:337.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeVito, J.L., and Anderson, M.E., 1982, An autoradiographic study of efferent connections of the globus pallidus in Macaca mulatta, Exp. Brain Res., 46:107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Divac, I., LaVail, J.H., Rakic, P., and Winston, K.R., 1977, Heterogeneous afferents to the inferior parietal lobule of the rhesus monkey revealed by the retrograde transport method, Brain Res., 123:197.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duggan, A.W., and Hall, J.G., 1977, Morphine, naloxone, and the responses of medial thalamic neurones of the cat, Brain Res., 122:49.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, S.B., 1972, The ascending and descending projection of the red nucleus in the cat: an experimental study using an autoradiographic tracing method, Brain Res., 48:45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerfen, C.R., Staines, W.A., Aubuthnott, G.W., and Fibiger, H.C., 1982, Crossed connections of the substantia nigra in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 207:283.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, J., 1977, An autoradiographic study of the efferent connections of the superior colliculus in the cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 173:629.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graybiel, A.M., and Hickey, T.L., 1982, Chemospecificity of ontogenetic units in the striatum: demonstration by combining [3H] thymidine neuronography and histochemical staining, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A., 79:198.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graybiel, A.M., Pickel, V.M., Joh, T.H., Reis, D.J., and Ragsdale, C.W., 1981, Direct demonstration of a correspondence between the dopamine islands and acetylcholinesterase patches in the developing striatum, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A., 78:5871.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graybiel, A.M., and Ragsdale, C.W., 1978a, Histochemically distinct compartments in the striatum of human, monkey, and cat demonstrated by acetylthiocholinesterase staining, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A., 75:5723.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graybiel, A.M., and Ragsdale, C.W., 1978b, Striosomal organization of the caudate nucleus: I. Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry of the striatum in the cat, rhesus monkey, and human being, Neurosci. Abstr., 4:44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graybiel, A.M., Ragsdale, C.W., and Moon Edley, S., 1979, Compartments in the striatum of the cat observed by retrograde cell labeling, Exp. Brain Res., 34:189.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graybiel, A.M., Ragsdale, C.W., Yoneoka, E.S., and Elde, R.P., 1981, An immunohistochemical study of enkephalins and other neuropeptides in the striatum of the cat with evidence that the opiate peptides are arranged in register with the striosomal compartments visible by acetylcholinesterase staining, Neuroscience, 6:377.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grofová, I., and Rinvik, E., 1974, Cortical and pallidal projections to the nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami, Anat. Embryol., 146:113.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guillery, R.W., 1966, A study of Golgi preparations from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the adult cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 128:21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harding, B.N., 1973a, An ultrastructural study of the centre median and ventrobasal thalamic nuclei of the monkey, Brain Res., 54:335.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harding, B.N., 1973b, An ultrastructural study of the termination of afferent fibres within the ventrolateral and centre median nuclei of the monkey thalamus, Brain Res., 54:341.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harnois, C., and Filion, M., 1982, Pallidofugal projections to thalamus and midbrain: a quantitative antidromic activation study in monkeys and cats, Exp. Brain Res., 47:277.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harting, J.K., Huerta, M.F., Frankfurter, A.J., Strominger, N.L., and Royce, G.J., 1980, Ascending pathways from the monkey superior colliculus: an autoradiographic analysis, J. Comp. Neurol., 192:853.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hazlett, J.C., Dutta, C.R., and Fox, C.A., 1976, The neurons in the centromedian-parafascicular complex of the monkey (Macaca mulatta): a Golgi study, J. Comp. Neurol., 168:41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendry, S.H.C., Jones, E.G., and Graham, J., 1979, Thalamic relay nuclei for cerebellar and certain related fiber systems in the cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 185:679.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herkenham, M., 1980, laminar organization of thalamic projections to the rat neocortex, Science, 207:532.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herkenham, M., and Nauta, W.J.H., 1977, Afferent connections of the habenular nuclei in the rat: a horseradish peroxidase study, with a note on the fiber-of-passage problem, J. Comp. Neurol., 173:123.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herkenham, M., and Pert, C.B., 1981, Mosaic distribution of opiate receptors, parafascicular projections, and acetylcholinesterase in rat striatum, Nature, 291:415.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holstege, G., and Collewijn, H., 1982, The efferent connections of the nucleus of the optic tract and the superior colliculus in the rabbit, J. Comp. Neurol., 209:139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, D.A., and Holstege, G., 1978, Amygdaloid projections to the mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata in the cat, Exp. Brain Res., 32:529.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, D.A., and Lawrence, D.G., 1975, On the absence of a rubrothalamic projection in the monkey with observations on some ascending mesencephalic projections, J. Comp. Neurol, 161:269.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huerta, M.F., and Harting, J.K., 1982, Tectal control of spinal cord activity: neuroanatomical demonstration of pathways connecting the superior colliculus with the cervical spinal cord grey, in: “Descending Pathways to the Spinal Cord,” Progress in Brain Res, Vol. 57, H.G.J.M. Kuypers and G.F. Martin, eds., Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ilinsky, I.A., and Kultas-Ilinsky, K., 1984, An autoradiographic study of topographical relationships between pallidal and cerebellar projections to the cat thalamus, Exp. Brain Res., 54:95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, W.R., Hannet, F.I., and Randon, S.W., 1932, The topography of the nuclei of the diencephalon of the cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 55:333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Itoh, K., and Mizuno, N., 1977, Topographical arrangement of thalamocortical neurons in the centrolateral nucleus (CL) of the cat, with special reference to a spino-thalamo-motor cortical path through the CL, Exp. Brain Res., 30:471.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jasper, H.H., and Ajmone-Marsan, C., 1954, “A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Diencephalon of the Cat,” National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayaraman, A., 1985, Organization of thalamic projections in the nucleus accumbens and the caudate nucleus in cats and its relation with hippocampal and other subcortical afferents, J. Comp. Neurol., 231:396.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.G., 1985, “The Thalamus,” Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.G., and Burton, H., 1974, Cytoarchitecture and somatic sensory connectivity of thalamic nuclei other than of ventrobasal complex in the cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 154: 395.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.G., and Leavitt, R.Y., 1974, Retrograde axonal transport and the demonstration of nonspecific projections to the cerebral cortex and striatum from thalamic intralaminar nuclei in the rat, cat, and monkey, J. Comp. Neurol., 154:349.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.G., Wise, S.P., and Coulter, J.D., 1979, Differential thalamic relationships of sensory-motor and parietal cortical fields in monkeys, J. Comp. Neurol., 183:833.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaelber, W.W., and Smith, T.B., 1979, Projections of the zona incerta in the cat, with stimulation controls, Exp. Neurol., 63:177.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalil, K., 1978, Patch-like termination of thalamic fibers in the putamen of the rhesus monkey: an autoradiographic study, Brain Res., 333:339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasdon, D.L., and Jacobson, S., 1978, The thalamic afferents to the inferior parietal lobule of the rhesus monkey, J. Comp. Neurol., 177:685.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, L.C., Burkhalter, A., and Dreyer, W.J., 1984, Fluorescent latex microspheres as a retrograde neuronal marker forin vivo and in vitro studies of visual cortex, Nature, 310:498.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kievet, J., and Kuypers, H.J.M., 1975, Subcortical afferents to the frontal lobe in the rhesus monkey studied by means of retrograde horseradish peroxidase transport, Brain Res., 85:261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, R., Nakano, K., Jayaraman, A., and Carpenter, M.B., 1976, Projections of the globus pallidus and adjacent structures: an autoradiographic study in the monkey, J. Comp. Neurol., 169:263.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitai, S.T., 1981, Electrophysiology of the corpus striatum and brain stem integrating system, in: “Handbook of Neurophysiology,” V.B. Brooks, ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitai, S.T., Kocsis, J.D., and Wood, J., 1976, Origin and characteristics of the cortico-caudate afferents: An anatomical and electrophysiological study, Brain Res., 118:137.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuo, J.S., and Carpenter, M.B., 1973, Organization of pallidothalamic projections in the rhesus monkey, J. Comp. Neurol., 151:201.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Künzle, H., 1976, Thalamic projections from the precentral motor cortex in Macaca fascicularis, Brain Res., 105:253.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Künzle, H., and Akert, K., 1977, Efferent connections of cortical area 8 (frontal eye field) in Macaca fascicularis: a reinvestigation using the autoradiographic technique, J. Comp. Neurol., 173:147.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leontovich, T.A., 1975, Quantitative analysis and classification of subcortical forebrain neurons,in: “Golgi Centennial Symposium,” M. Santini, ed., Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leontovich, T.A., and Zhukova, G.P., 1963, The specificity of the neuronal structure and topography of the reticular formation in the brain and spinal cord of Carnivora, J. Comp. Neurol., 121:347.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luys, J.B., 1865, Recherches sur le système nerveux cérébro-spinal: sa structure, ses fonctions, et ses maladies, J.B. Baillière, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuinness, C.M., and Krauthamer, G.M., 1980, The afferent projections to the centrum medianum of the cat as demonstrated by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase, Brain Res., 184:255.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehler, W.R., 1966, Further notes on the center median nucleus of Luys, in: “The Thalamus,” D.P. Purpura and M.D. Yahr, eds., Columbia University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesulam, M., 1978, Tetramethyl benzidine for horseradish peroxidase neurohistochemistry: a non-carcinogenic blue reaction-product with superior sensitivity for visualizing neural afferents and efferents, J. Histochern. Cytochem., 26: 106.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mesulam, M., 1982, Principles of horseradish peroxidase neurohistochemistry and their applications for tracing neural pathways-axonal transport, enzyme histochemistry, and light microscopic analysis, In: “Tracing Neural Connections with Horseradish Peroxidase,” M. Mesulam, ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesulam, M., Van Hoesen, G.W., Pandya, D.N., and Geschwind, T., 1977, Limbic and sensory connections of the inferior parietal lobule (area PG) in the rhesus monkey: a study with a new method for horseradish peroxidase histochemistry, Brain Res., 136:393.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moon Edley, S., and Graybiel, A.M., 1983, The afferent and efferent connections of the feline nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus, pars compacta, J. Comp. Neurol., 217:187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morán, A., Avendaño, C., and Reinoso-Suárez, F., 1982, Thalamic afferents to the motor cortex in the cat: a horseradish peroxidase study, Neurosci. Letts., 33:229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nauta, H.J.W., 1979, Projections of the pallidal complex: an autoradiographic study in the cat, Neuroscience, 4:1853.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nauta, W.J.H., and Mehler, W.R., 1966, Projections of the lentiform nucleus in the monkey, Brain Res., 1:3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nauta, W.J.H., and Whitlock, D.G., 1954, An anatomical analysis of the non-specific thalamic projection system, in: “Brain Mechanisms and Consciousness,” J.F. Delafresnaye, ed., Blackwell, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niimi, K., and Kuwahara, E., 1973, The dorsal thalamus of the cat and comparison with monkey and man, J. Hirnforsch., 14:303.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norita, M., and Kawamura, K., 1980, Subcortical afferents to the monkey amygdala: an HRP study, Brain Res., 190:225.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oka, H., 1980, Organization of the cortico-caudate projections: a horseradish peroxidase study in the cat, Exp. Brain Res., 40:203.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parent, A., and DeBellefeuille, L., 1983, The pallidointralaminar and pallidonigral projections in primate as studied by retrograde double-labeling method, Brain Res., 278:11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parent, A., Mackey, A., and DeBellefeuille, L., 1983, The subcortical afferents to caudate nucleus and putamen in primate: a fluorescence retrograde double labeling study, Neuroscience, 10:1137.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearl, G.S., and Anderson, K.V., 1980, Interactions between nucleus centrum medianum and gigantocellular nociceptive neurons, Brain Res. Bull., 5:203.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, J.C., Norris, J.R., and Phelps, C.H., 1984, The cytoarchitecture and some efferent projections of the centromedian-parafascicular complex in the lesser bushbaby (Galago senegalensis), J. Comp. Neurol., 225:554.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peschanski, M., and Besson, J.M., 1984, A spino-reticulo-thalamic pathway in the rat: an anatomical study with reference to pain transmission, Neuroscience, 12:165.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, T.P.S., and Cowan, W.M., 1956, A study of thalamo-striate relations in the monkey, Brain, 79:364.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Price, J.L., and Amaral, D.G., 1981, An autoradiographic study of the projections of the central nucleus of the monkey amygdala, Neuroscience, 1:1242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ragsdale, C.W., and Graybiel, A.M., 1981, The fronto-striatal projection in the cat and monkey, and its relationship to inhomogeneities established by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, Brain Res., 208:259.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramón y Cajal, S., 1904, Las fibras nerviosas de origen cerebral del tuberculo o cuadrigémino anterior y tálamo óptico, C.R. Congr. Intern. Med., Madrid, 14:36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramón y Cajal, S., 1911, “Histologie du Système Nerveux de l’Homme et des Vertèbrès,” Maloine, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramón-Moliner, E., 1962, An attempt at classifying nerve cells on the basis of their dendritic patterns, J. Comp. Neurol., 119:211.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramón-Moliner, E., 1975, Specialized and generalized dendritic patterns, in: “Golgi Centennial Symposium, Perspectives in Neurobiology,” M. Santini, ed., Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricardo, J.A., 1981, Efferent connections of the subthalamic region in the rat, II. The zona incerta, Brain Res. 214:43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rinvik, E., 1968, A re-evaluation of the cytoarchitecture of the ventral nuclear complex of the cat’s thalamus on the basis of corticothalamic connections, Brain Res., 8:237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rioch, D.M., 1929, Studies on the diencephalon of Carnivora: Part I, The nuclear configuration of the thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus of the dog and cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 49:1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rioch, D.M., 1931, A note on the centre mèdian nucleus of Luys, J. Anat. 65:324.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Royce, G.J., 1978a, Cells of origin of subcortical afferents to the caudate nucleus: a horseradish peroxidase study in the cat, Brain Res., 153:465.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Royce, G.J., 1978b, Autoradiographic evidence for a discontinuous projection to the caudate nucleus from the centromedian nucleus in the cat, Brain Res., 146:145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Royce, G.J., 1982, Laminar origin of cortical neurons which project upon the caudate nucleus : a horseradish peroxidase investigation in the cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 205:8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Royce, G.J., 1983a, Single thalamic neurons which project to both the rostral cortex and caudate nucleus studied with the fluorescent double labeling method, Exp. Neurol., 79:773.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Royce, G.J., 1983b, Cells of origin of corticothalamic projections upon the centromedian and parafascicular nuclei in the cat, Brain Res., 258:11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Royce, G.J., 1983c, Cortical neurons with collateral projections to both the caudate nucleus and the centromedian-parafascicular thalamic complex: a fluorescent retrograde double labeling study in the cat, Exp. Brain Res., 50:157.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Royce, G.J., and Harting, J.K., 1976, Projections of the superior colliculus to the intralaminar thalamic nuclei in the cat and rhesus monkey, Neurosci. Abstr., 2:1090.

    Google Scholar 

  • Royce, G.J., and Laine, E.J., 1984, Efferent projections of the caudate nucleus, including cortical projections of the striatum and other basal ganglia: an autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase investigation in the cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 226:28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Royce, G.J., and Mourey, R.J., 1985, Efferent connections of the centromedian and parafascicular thalamic nuclei: an autoradiographic investigation in the cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 235:277.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato, M., Ttoh, K., and Mizuno, N., 1979, Distribution of thalamo-caudate neurons in the cat as demonstrated by horseradish peroxidase, Exp. Brain Res., 34:143.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheibel, M.E., and Scheibel, A.B., 1966, Patterns of organization in specific and nonspecific thalamic fields, in: “The Thalamus,” D.P. Purpura and M.D. Yahr, eds., Columbia University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlag, J., and Schlag-Rey, M., 1970, Induction of oculomotor responses by electrical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex in the cat, Brain Res., 22:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwab, M., Agid, Y., Glowinski, L., and Thoenen, H., 1977, Retrograde axonal transport of 125I-tetanus toxin as a tool for tracing fiber connections in the central nervous system: connections of the rostral part of the rat neostriatum, Brain Res., 126:211.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simma, K., 1950, Zur Cytoarchitektonik des menschlichen Centrum medianum thalami, Monatsschr. Psychiatr. Neurol., 120:119.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steriade, M., Sakai, K., and Jouvet, M., 1984, Bulbo-thalamic neurons related to thalamocortical activation processes during paradoxical sleep, Exp. Brain Res., 54:463.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strick, P.L., 1970, Cortical projections of the feline thalamic nucleus ventralis lateralis, Brain Res., 20:130.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strick, P.L., 1973, Light microscopic analysis of the cortical projection of the thalamic ventrolateral nucleus in the cat, Brain Res., 55:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strick, P.L., 1975, Multiple sources of thalamic input to the primate motor cortex, Brain Res., 88:372.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strick, P.L., and Sterling, P., 1974, Synaptic termination of afferents from the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus in the cat motor cortex: a light and electron microscopic study, J. Comp. Neurol., 153:77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strominger, N.L., Truscott, T.C., Miller, R.A., and Royce, G.J., 1979, An autoradiographic study of the rubroolivary tract in the rhesus monkey, J. Comp. Neurol., 183:33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugimoto, T., and Hattori, T., 1983, Confirmation of thalamosubthalamic projections by electron microscopic autoradiography, Brain Res., 267:335.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugimoto, T., Hattori, T., Mizuno, N., Itoh, K., and Sato, M., 1983, Direct projections from the centre median-parafascicular complex to the subthalamic nucleus in the cat and rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 214:209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugimoto, T., Mizuno, N., and Itoh, K., 1981, An autoradiographic study of the terminal distribution of cerebellothalamic fibers in the cat, Brain Res., 215:29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tseng, G., and Royce, G.J., 1986, A Golgi and ultrastructural analysis of the centromedian nucleus of the cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 245:359.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsubokawa, T., and Moriyasu, N., 1975, Follow-up results of centre median thalamotomy for relief of intractable pain: a method of evaluating the effectiveness during operation, Confin. Neurol., 37:280.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • VanBuren, J.M., and Borke, R.C., 1972, “Variations and Connections of the Human Thalamus, I. The Nuclei and Cerebral Connections of the Human Thalamus,” Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vedovato, M., 1978, Identification of afferent connections to cortical area 6αβ of the cat by means of retrograde horseradish peroxidase transport, Neurosci. Letts., 9:303.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, B.A., Rosene, D.L., and Pandya, D.N., 1979, Thalamic and cortical afferents differentiate anterior from posterior cingulate cortex in the monkey, Science, 204:205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, C., and Vogt, O., 1941, Thalamusstudien I-III: I. Zur Einfuhrung, II. Homogenitat und Grenzgestaltung der Grisea des Thalamus, III. Das Griseum centrale (Centrum medianum Luys), J. Psychol. Neurol., 50:32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto, T., Samejima, A., and Oka, H., 1985, An intracellular analysis of the entopeduncular inputs on the centrum medianum-parafascicular nuclear complex in cats, Brain Res., 348:343.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe, K., and Kawana, E., 1982, The cells of origin of the incertofugal projections to the tectum, thalamus, tegmentum, and spinal cord in the rat: a study using the autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase methods, Neuroscience, 7:2389.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woolsey, C.N., 1958, Organization of somatic sensory and motor areas of the cerebral cortex,in: “Biological and Biochemical Bases of Behavior,” H.E. Harlow and C.N. Woolsey, eds., University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Plenum Press, New York

About this paper

Cite this paper

Royce, G.J. (1987). Recent Research on the Centromedian and Parafascicular Nuclei. In: Carpenter, M.B., Jayaraman, A. (eds) The Basal Ganglia II. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 32. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5347-8_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5347-8_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5349-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5347-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics