Abstract
A computer based pulsed Doppler imaging system designed for the noninvasive assessment of coronary and cardiac dynamics has been constructed. A multigate pulsed Doppler of the moving target indicator type is implemented using CCD delay lines. Doppler sector scan images of flow, gated on the ECG, allow on-line direct imaging of flow in blood vessels within the body. Our display is gated on the electrocardiogram so that the heart cycle is divided into 16 time segments. Information is recorded and displayed in real time along the direction of current interrogation along with previously recorded information along other sector lines during the same portion of the heart cycle. In addition, a real time Doppler M-mode display at 210 lines per second provides a method for displaying Doppler flow information with better time resolution. A simultaneous echo image of surrounding tissues is also possible. Experimental trials on flow-through phantoms and human volunteers indicates the ability to directly image flow in the vessels as small as 3 mm diameter. It is anticipated the device will be used to image flow in coronary bypass grafts, followed by real time spectrum analysis of a conventional single gate pulsed Doppler in order to quantify the velocity of flow in such vessels.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Kolata, G: Some bypass surgery unnecessary, Science, 605 (1983)
Fabian, J, Vojacek, J, Eng., AG, Prerovsky, I, Belan, A, Hejhal, L: Noninvasive Doppler ultrasound evaluation of aortocoronary bypass, Jap Heart J, 20(6):823–830, Nov (1979).
Diebold, B, Theroux, P, Bourassa, MG, Peronneau, P, Guermonprez, JL: Noninvasive assessment of aortocoronary bypass graft patency using pulsed Doppler echocardiography, Amer J of Cardiology, 43:10–16, Jan (1979).
Gould, KL, Mozersky, DJ, Hokanson, DE, Baker, DW, Kennedy, JW, Sumner, DS, Strandness, DE: A noninvasive technique for determining patency of saphenous vein coronary bypass grafts, Circ 46:595–600, Sep (1972).
Theroux, P, Bourassa, MG, Diebold, B, Peronneau, P, Barbet, A, Guermonprez, JL: Noninvasive assessment of aortocoronary graft patency by pulsed Doppler flowmeter, Circ 55–56, Supl III, pp 25, Sep (1977).
Benchimol, A, Reyns, P, Alvarez, S, Desser, KB, McCoullough, K: Noninvasive assessment of left internal mammary-coronary bypass patency using the external Doppler probe, Am Heart J, 96(3):347–349, Sep (1978).
Weyman, A, Feigenbaum, H, Dillon JC, Johnston, KW, Eggleston, RC: Noninvasive visualization of the left main coronary artery by cross-sectional echocardiography, Circ 54(2):169–174 (1976).
Gramiak, R, Holen, J, Moss, AJ, Gatierrez, OH, Roe, SA: Coronary artery flow: noninvasive detection by Doppler Ultrasound, presented at RSNA (1984).
Hatle, L, Angelsen, B: Physical Principles and Clinical Applications
of Doppler Ultrasound in Cardiology, Lea & Febiger, Phila (1985), 2nd Ed.
Spencer, MP, ed: Cardiac Doppler Diagnosis, Vol 1, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht (1984).
Omoto, R, ed: Color Atlas of Real Time Two-Dimensional Doppler Echocardiography, Shindan-To-Chiryo, Tokyo (1984).
Kasai, C, Namekawa, K, Koyano, A, Omoto, R: Real time two-dimensional blood flow imaging using an auto correlation technique, IEEE Trans Sonics and Ultrasonics, 32(3):458–464 (1985).
Benchimol, A, and Dresser, K: Coronary artery blood flow velocity in man, in Cardiovascular Applications of Ultrasound, R. Reneman, ed. 193–200, North Holland, Amsterdam (1974).
Nowicki, A, and Reid, J.M.: An Infinite Gate Pulse Doppler, Ultrasound in Med and Biol, 7, 44–50 (1981).
Grandchamp, P.A: A novel pulsed directional Doppler velocimeter, Proc Second European Cong on Ultrasonics in Med (Kazner, E., ed), pp 122–132, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, Oxford (1975).
Brandestini, M: Topoflow—a digital full range Doppler velocity meter, IEEE Trans on Sonics and Ultrasonics, SU-25:287 (1978).
Hoeks, APG, Reneman, RS, Peronneau, PA: A multigate pulsed Doppler system with serial data processing, IEEE Trans on Sonics and Ultrasonics, SU-28: 242–247 (1981).
Nowicki, A, Klepper, JR, Reid, JM, Spencer, MP: An Imaging Gate Pulse Doppler for Examination of Coronary Bypass Graft Patency, in Cardiac Doppler Diagnosis, Vol 1, Spencer, MP, ed, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 51–60 (1984).
Miwa, H, Murakami, K, Reid, JM, Klepper, JR: Attenuation Extraction from Quadrature-Detected Phase of an Ultrasonic Echo in Bio-tissue Characterization. FUJITSU Scientific and Technical Journal, Vol 21 (2), 165–181 (1985).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Klepper, J.R., Ferraro, R., Davis, D.L., Nasca, R. (1987). An ECG-Gated Color Doppler Imaging System for Determination of Coronary Bypass Graft Patency. In: Jones, H.W. (eds) Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Symposium, July 14–6, 1986. Acoustical Imaging, vol 15. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5320-1_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5320-1_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5322-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5320-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive