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Electroencephalographic Correlates of Nerve Agent Poisoning

  • Chapter
Neurobiology of Acetylcholine

Abstract

Convulsions and seizure activity are major signs of central nervous system (CNS) toxicity induced by organophosphorus (OP) anticholinesterases. Descriptions of the electroencephalographic (EEG) phenomena that accompany anticholinesterase (antiChE) poisoning can be traced back to the early 1940fs. Using the then relatively new technique for recording brain activity by electroencephalography, Miller et al. (1940) described the effect of direct application of several cholinergic drugs to cerebral cortex in anesthetized cats and rabbits. Although the EEG techniques utilized might be considered crude by contemporary standards, results from this early EEG study are consistent with our current understanding of the effects of antiChE drugs on the CNS. Three basic classes of EEG waves were described in this study: slow (1.3–10 Hz), fast (11–40 Hz) and “dot” waves (50–100 Hz). The so-called “dot” waves were named because of their appearance as slight discontinuities in the oscilloscope sweeps; apparently the electronic equipment of the time was too slow to accurately follow 50–100 Hz activity. The antiChE agent eserine sulfate (1% solution) produced three major effects on the EEG when applied directly to the cortex: 1) a decrease in amplitude of the slow waves, 2) a decrease in high amplitude fast waves, and 3) an apparent increase in smaller amplitude fast and “dot” wave activities. The description of these effects is generally consistent with the modern-day definition of EEG desynchronization or arousal.

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  1. Neurotoxicology Branch Physiology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA

    J. F. Glenn, D. J. Hinman & S. B. McMaster

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  1. J. F. Glenn
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  1. Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA

    Nae J. Dun

  2. University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Robert L. Perlman

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Glenn, J.F., Hinman, D.J., McMaster, S.B. (1987). Electroencephalographic Correlates of Nerve Agent Poisoning. In: Dun, N.J., Perlman, R.L. (eds) Neurobiology of Acetylcholine. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5266-2_41

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