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Viral Structure and Composition

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Abstract

The influenza viruses comprise three types of viruses that are closely related in structure, chemical composition, and biological activity. These viruses, types A, B, and C, are pleomorphic enveloped viruses bearing surface projections (peplomers or spikes). Influenza A and B viruses contain four major structural proteins and three proteins with RNA replicase and transcriptase activity (Table 3–1). Eight segments of linear, single-stranded RNA are contained in separate nucleocapsids—rodlike structures of nucleoprotein (NP) (Heggeness et al., 1982)— with which the replicase and transcriptase proteins PB1, PB2, and PA are in close association in an RNP complex. The interior of the virus particle is delimited by repeating units of the matrix or membrane (M) protein in all three viral subtypes. The external spikes of influenza A and B viruses number 400 to 500 (Ruigrok et al., 1984) and comprise two different glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). In the case of influenza C virus, only seven RNA segments and a single external glycoprotein have been demonstrated.

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  1. Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA

    Edwin D. Kilbourne M.D. (Distinguished Service Professor)

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Kilbourne, E.D. (1987). Viral Structure and Composition. In: Influenza. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5239-6_3

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