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Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis Mechanisms pp 45–59Cite as

Cancer and Free Radicals

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Part of the Basic Life Sciences book series (BLSC,volume 39)

Abstract

It is now clear that free radical Intermediates often are involved in the activation of many types of procarcinogens and promutagens to their active forms as well as in the binding of these activated species to DNA. In this chapter, a general introduction to free radical chemistry is presented, with some discussion of radical lifetimes and reactivities. Potential biological targets of radical attack include lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and the reactions of all three of these target molecules with radicals are discussed. Finally, the evidence linking free radical reactions with chemical carcinogenesis is reviewed. A mechanistic scheme that divides the mechanisms for activating procarcinogens into 5 types is suggested; of these, 3 types of mechanisms involve free radicals, either in the activation of the carcinogen or in its binding to DNA or both. It also is suggested that a “reverse binding” can occur in which radicals produced on the DNA backbone attack and bond to unactivated substrates, rather than activated substrates (such as radicals) attacking unactivated DNA. It is known that systems that produce superoxide can lead to the production of hydroxyl radicals and that these HO· radicals form radical sites on DNA; thus, reverse binding could occur when any species that can add to a free radical is in the vicinity of the radical-damaged DNA.

Keywords

  • Free Radical
  • Linoleic Acid
  • Peroxyl Radical
  • Free Radical Reaction
  • Hydroxyl Radical Scavenger

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biodynamics Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803

    William A. Pryor

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA

    Delbert M. Shankel

  2. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Philip E. Hartman

  3. National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan

    Tsuneo Kada

  4. Council for Research Planning in Biological Sciences, Inc., Washington, D.C., USA

    Alexander Hollaender, Claire M. Wilson & Gregory Kuny,  & 

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Pryor, W.A. (1986). Cancer and Free Radicals. In: Shankel, D.M., Hartman, P.E., Kada, T., Hollaender, A., Wilson, C.M., Kuny, G. (eds) Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis Mechanisms. Basic Life Sciences, vol 39. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5182-5_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5182-5_4

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