Abstract
Clinicians have been long aware that depressed patients have strongly negative thoughts. Guilt, suicidal ideation, and hopelessness have been described in most, if not all, theoretical formulations of depression (e.g., psychoanalysis, existential therapy, behavior therapy). However, the cognitive model differs from previous approaches by emphasizing cognitive distortion as one of the most important factors involved in the etiology and maintenance of depressive disorders.1–4 Cognitive therapy, a psychotherapeutic approach based upon this theory, has been shown to be an effective treatment for depression.3–8 A series of outcome studies, the most recent of which was reported by Murphy and co-workers at this Congress, has found cognitive therapy to be at least as effective as pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depression.5–8 The purpose of this paper will be to describe the basic cognitive paradigm and its relationship to cognitive disorder in depression. Comments will also be made on the possible relevance of cognitive research to other paradigms of psychotherapy.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
A. T. Beck, I. Idiosyncratic content and cognitive distortions, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 9: 36–45 (1963).
A. T. Beck, Thinking and depression I. Theory and therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 10: 561–571 (1964).
A. T. Beck, A. J. Rush, B. F. Shaw, G. Emery,“Cognitive Therapy of Depression,” Guilford Press, New York (1979).
J. H. Wright and A. T. Beck, Cognitive therapy of depression: theory and practice, Hospital and Community Psychiatry, in press.
A. J. Rush, A. T. Beck, M. Kovacs, S. D. Hollon, Comparative efficacy of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depressed outpatients, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1 (1): 17–37 (1977).
I. M. Blackburn, S. Bishop, A. I. M. Glen, L. J. Whalley, J. E. Christie, The efficacy of cognitive therapy in depression: a treatment trial using cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy, each alone and in combination, Br J Psychiatry, 139: 181–189 (1981).
P. D. McLean and A. R. Hakstian, Clinical depression: comparative efficacy of outpatient treatments. J Consult Clin Psycho., 47 (5): 818–836 (1979).
G. E. Murphy, Cognitive therapy versus TCA in major depression. Presented at the Seventh World Congress of Psychiatry. Vienna, Austria, 1983.
A. J. Rush, A. T. Beck, M. Kovacs, J. Weissenburger, S. D. Hollon, Comparison of the effects of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy on hopelessness and self-concept, Am J Psychiatry, 139 (7): 862–866 (1982).
M. F. LeFebvre, Cognitive distortion and cognitive errors in depressed psychiatric and low back pain patients, J Consult Clin Psychol., 49 (4): 517–525 (1981).
S. D. Hollon and P. C. Kendall, Cognitive self-statements in depression: development of an automatic thoughts questionnaire, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 4(4):383395 (1980).
A. Loeb, A. T. Beck, J. Diggory, Differential effects of success and failure on depressed and nondepressed patients, Nery Ment Dis., 152 (2): 106–114 (1971).
R. Rizley, Depression and distortion in the attribution of causality, J Abnorm Psychol., 87 (1): 32–48 (1978).
B. G. DeMonbreun and W. E. Craighead, Distortion of perception and recall of positive and neutral feedback in depression, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1(4):311329 (1977).
D. L. Braff and A. T. Beck, Thinking disorder in depression, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 31: 456–459 (1974).
H. Weingartner, R. M. Cohen, D. L. Murphy, J. Martello, C. Gerdt, Cognitive processes in depression, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 38: 42–47 (1981).
J. Cutting, Memory in functional psychosis, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 42: 1031–1037 (1979).
R. Breslow, J. Kocsis, B. Belkin, Memory deficits in depression: evidence utilizing the Wechsler Memory Scale, Percept Mot Skills, 54: 541–542 (1980).
A. Raskin, A. S. Friedman, and A. DiMascio, Cognitive and performance deficits in depression, Psychopharmacol Bull., 4: 196–202 (1982).
H. Weingartner, B. Hall, D. Murphy, W. Weinstein, Imagery, affective arousal and memory consolidation, Nature, 263: 311–312 (1976).
R. Cohen, Antidepressant treatment of patients with cognitive dysfunction. Presented at the Seventh World Congress of Psychiatry. Vienna, Austria, 1983.
H. Weingartner, Specifity of cognitive changes following psychotropic drug treatment. Presented at the Seventh World Congress of Psychiatry. Vienna, Austria, 1983.
P. Selmi, Personal communication.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wright, J.H. (1985). The Cognitive Paradigm for Treatment of Depression. In: Pichot, P., Berner, P., Wolf, R., Thau, K. (eds) Psychiatry the State of the Art. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4697-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4697-5_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4699-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4697-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive