Abstract
The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: glycose phosphotransferase system, or PTS, plays a key role in several important physiological processes. Those PTS functions thus far identified include transport of PTS sugar substrates across the cytoplasmic membrane coupled with their phosphorylation, chemotaxis toward PTS sugar substrates, and regulation of the synthesis of enzymes and permeases required for the catabolism of certain non-PTS sugars. The latter function is achieved primarily by regulating both adenylate cyclase and the respective non-PTS sugar permeases.
The authors were supported by Program Project Grant CA21901 from the National Cancer Institute of the NIH. Contribution 1247 from the McCollum—Pratt Institute.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, B., Weigel, N., Kundig, W., and Roseman, S., 1971, Sugar transport. III. Purification and properties of a phosphocarrier protein (HPr) of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli, J. Biol. Chem. 246:7023–7033.
Bachmann, B. J., 1983, Linkage map of Escherichia coli K-12, Edition 7, Microbiol. Rev. 47:180–230.
Bayreuther, K., Raufuss, H., Schrecker, C., and Hengstenberg, H., 1977, The phosphoenolpyruvatedependent phosphotransferase system of Staphylococcus aureus. I. Amino acid sequence of phosphocarrier protein HPr, Eur. J. Biochem. 75:275–286.
Begley, G. S., Hansen, D. E., Jacobson, G. R., and Knowles, J. R., 1982, Stereochemical course of the reactions catalyzed by the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:glucose phosphotransferase system, Biochemistry 21:5552–5556.
Beneski, D. A., Misko, T. P., and Roseman, S., 1982a, Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Preparation and characterization of membrane vesicles from mutant and wild type Salmonella ryphimurium, J. Biol. Chem. 257:14565–14575.
Beneski, D. A., Nakazawa, A., Weigel, N., Hartman, P. E., and Roseman, S., 1982b, Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Isolation and characterization of a phosphocarrier protein HPr from wild type and mutants of Salmonella typhimurium,J. Biol. Chem. 257:14492–14498.
Boniface, J., and Koch, A. L., 1967, The interaction between permeases as a tool to find their relationship on the membrane, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 135:756–770.
Bourd, G. I., Bol’shakova, T. N., Saprykina, T. P., Klyucheva, V. V., and Gershanovitch, V. N., 1971, Reduction in biosynthesis rate for RNA and protein in a thermosensitive E. coli K12 mutant defective in the Roseman phosphotransferase system, Mol. Biol. 5:384–389.
Britton, P., Boronat, A., Hartley, D. A., Jones-Mortimer, M. C., Kornberg, H. L., and Pana, F., 1983, Phosphotransferase-mediated regulation of carbohydrate utilization in Escherichia coli K12. Location of the gsr (tgs) and iex (crr) genes by specialized transduction, J. Gen. Microbiol. 129:349–358.
Brouwer, M., Elferink, M. G. L., and Robillard, G. T., 1982, Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent fructose phosphotransferase system of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: Purification and physicochemical and immunochemical characterization of a membrane-associated Enzyme I, Biochemistry 21:82–88.
Chrambach, A., and Rodbard, D., 1971, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Science 172:440–451.
Cordaro, C., 1976, Genetics of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system, Annu. Rev. Genet. 10:341–359.
Cordaro, J. C., and Roseman, S., 1972, Deletion mapping of the genes coding for HPr and Enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system in Salmonella typhimurium,J. Bacteriol. 112:17–29.
Cordaro, J. C., Anderson, R. P., Grogan, E. W., Jr., Wenzel, D. J., Engler, M., and Roseman, S., 1974, Promoter-like mutation affecting HPr and Enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system in Salmonella typhimurium, J. Bacteriol. 120:245–252.
Curtis, S. J., and Epstein, W., 1975, Phosphorylation of D-glucose in Escherichia coli mutants defective in glucosephosphotransferase, mannosephosphotransferase, and glucokinase, J. Bacteriol. 122:1189–1199.
del Campo, F. F., Hernandez-Asensio, M., and Ramirez, J. M., 1975, Transport of a-methyl glucoside in mutants of Escherichia coli K12 deficient in Ca2+, Mg2+ -activated adenosine triphosphatase, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 63:1099–1105.
Dills, S. S., Apperson, A., Schmidt, M. R., and Saier, M. H., Jr., 1980, Carbohydrate transport in bacteria, Microbiol. Rev. 44:385–418.
Dills, S. S., Schmidt, M. R., and Saier, M. H., Jr., 1982, Regulation of lactose transport by the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system in membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli, J. Cell. Biochem. 18:239–244.
Dooijewaard, G., Roossien, F. F., and Robillard, G. T., 1979, Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate dependent phosphotransferase system. Copurification of HPr and al-6 glucan, Biochemistry 18:2990–2996.
Egan, J. B., and Morse, M. L., 1966, Carbohydrate transport in Staphylococcus aureus III. Studies of the transport process, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 112:63–73.
Emi, B., Trachsel, H., Postma, P. W., and Rosenbusch, J. P., 1982, Bacterial phosphotransferase system. Solubilization and purification of the glucose-specific enzyme II from membranes of Salmonella typhimurium, J. Biol. Chem. 257:13726–13730.
Feucht, B. U., and Saier, M. H., Jr., 1980, Fine control of adenylate cyclase by the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase systems in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, J. Bacteriol. 141:603–610.
Fox, D. K., 1983, The purification and characterization of acetate kinase from Salmonella typhimurium,Ph.D. dissertation, The Johns Hopkins University, University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Fox, D. K., and Roseman, S., 1983, Interaction between the PEP:glycose phosphotransferase system (PTS) and acetate kinase of Salmonella typhimurium, Fed. Proc. 42:1942.
Fox, C. F., and Wilson, G., 1968, The role of a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent kinase system in 3-glucoside catabolism in Escherichia coli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 59:988–995.
Gachelin, G., 1970, Studies on the a-methylglucoside permease of Escherichia coli. A two step mechanism for the accumulation of a-methylglucoside 6-phosphate, Eur. J. Biochem. 16:342–357.
Gershanovitch, V. N., Bourd, G. I., Jorovitzkaya, N. V., Skavronskaya, A. G., Klyucheva, V. V., and Shabolenko, V. P., 1967, β-Galactosidase induction in cells of Escherichia coli not utilizing glucose, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 134:188–190.
Grill, H., Weigel, N., Gaffney, B. J., and Roseman, S., 1982, Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Radioactive and electron paramagnetic resonance labeling of the Salmonella typhimurium phosphocarrier protein (HPr) at the N112-terminal methionine, J. Biol. Chem. 257:14510–14517.
Guyer, M. S., 1978, The yS sequence of F is an insertion sequence, J. Mol. Biol. 126:347–365.
Hagihira, H., Wilson, T. H., and Lin, E. C. C., 1963, Studies on the glucose-transport system in Escherichia coli with a-methylglucoside as substrate, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 78:505–515.
Haguenauer-Tsapis, R., and Kepes, A., 1973, Changes in accessibility of the membrane bound transport enzyme glucose phosphotransferase of E. coli to protein group reagents in presence of substrate or absence of substrate or absence of energy source, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 54:1335–1341.
Haguenauer-Tsapis, R., and Kepes, A., 1977a, Unmasking of an essential thiol during function of the membrane bound enzyme II of the phosphoenolpyruvate glucose phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 465:118–130.
Haguenauer-Tsapis, R., and Kepes, A., 1977b, The role of enzyme I in the unmasking of an essential thiol of the membrane-bound enzyme II of the phosphoenolpyruvate-glucose phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 469:211–215.
Haguenauer-Tsapis, R., and Kepes, A., 1980, Different sidedness of functionally homologous essential thiols in two membrane-bound phosphotransferase enzymes of Escherichia coli detected by permeant and nonpermeant thiol reagents, J. Biol. Chem. 255:5075–5081.
Harwood, J. P., Gazdar, C., Prasad, C., and Peterkofsky, A., 1976, Involvement of the glucose Enzymes II of the sugar phosphotransferase system in the regulation of adenylate cyclase by glucose in Escherichia coli, J. Biol. Chem. 251:2462–2468.
Hays, J. B., Simoni, R. D., and Roseman, S., 1973, Sugar transport. V. A trimeric lactose-specific phosphocarrier protein of the Staphylococcus aureus phosphotransferase system, J. Biol. Chem. 248:941–956.
Hildenbrand, K., Brand, L., and Roseman, S., 1982, Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Nanosecond fluorescence studies of the phosphocarrier protein (HPr) labeled at the NH2terminal methionine, J. Biol. Chem. 257:14518–14525.
Hoffee, P., Englesberg, E., and Lamy, F., 1964, The glucose permease system in bacteria, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 79:337–350.
Hoving, H., Lolkema, J. S., and Robillard, G. T., 1981, Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system: Equilibrium kinetics and mechanism of enzyme I phosphorylation, Biochemistry 20:87–93.
Hoving, H., Koning, J. H., and Robillard, G. T., 1982, Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system: Role of divalent metals in the dimerization and phosphorylation of enzyme I, Biochemistry 21:3128–3135.
Hoving, H., Nowak, T., and Robillard, G. T., 1983, Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system: Stereospecificity of proton transfer in the phosphorylation of enzyme I from (Z)-phosphoenolbutyrate, Biochemistry 22:2832–2838.
Hüdig, H., and Hengstenberg, W., 1980, The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS). Solubilisation and kinetic parameters of the glucose-specific membrane bound enzyme II component of Streptococcus faecalis, FEBS Lett. 114:103–106.
Jablonski, E. G., Brand, L., and Roseman, S., 1983, Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Preparation of a fluorescein derivative of the glucose-specific phosphocarrier protein III61c and its binding to the phosphocarrier protein HPr, J. Biol. Chem. 258:9690–9699.
Jacobson, G. R., Lee, C. A., and Saier, M. H., Jr., 1979, Purification of the mannitol-specific enzyme II of the Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system, J. Biol. Chem. 254: 249–252.
Jacobson, G. R., Lee, C. A., Leonard, J. E., and Saier, M. H., Jr., 1983, Mannitol-specific enzyme II of the bacterial phosphotransferase system. I. Properties of the purified permease, J. Biol. Chem. 258:10748–10756.
Kornberg, H. L., and Riordan, C.. 1976, Uptake of galactose into Escherichia coli by facilitated diffusion, J. Gen. Microbiol. 94:75–89.
Komberg, H. L., and Watts, P. D., 1979, tgs and crr genes involved in catabolite inhibition and inducer exclusion in Escherichia coli, FEBS Lett. 104:313–316.
Kornberg, H. L., Watts, P. D., and Brown, K., 1980, Mechanism of “inducer exclusion” by glucose, FEBS Lett. 117 (Suppl.):K28–K36.
Kukuruzinska, M. A., Harrington, W. F., and Roseman, S., 1982, Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Studies on the molecular weight and association of enzyme I, J. Biol. Chem. 257:14470–14476.
Kundig, W., 1974, Molecular interactions in the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system (PTS), J. Supramol. Struct. 2:695–714.
Kundig, W., and Roseman, S., 1971, Sugar transport. II. Characterization of constitutive membrane-bound Enzymes II of the Escherichia coli phosphotransferase system, J. Biol. Chem. 246:1407–1418.
Kundig, W., Ghosh, S., and Roseman, S., 1964, Phosphate bound to histidine as an intermediate in a novel phospho-transferase system, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 52:1067–1074.
Lee, C. A., and Saier, M. H., Jr., 1983, Mannitol-specific enzyme II of the bacterial phosphotransferase system. III. The nucleotide sequence of the permease gene, J. Biol. Chem. 258:10761–10767.
Lee, C. A., Jacobson, G. R., and Saier, M. H., Jr., 1981, Plasmid-directed synthesis of enzymes required for D-mannitol transport and utilization in Escherichia coli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:7336–7340.
Leonard, J. E., and Saier, M. H., Jr., 1981, Genetic dissection of catalytic activities of the Salmonella typhimurium mannitol enzyme II, J. Bacteriol. 145:1106–1109.
Leonard, J. E., and Saier, M. H., Jr., 1983, Mannitol-specific Enzyme II of the bacterial phosphotransferase system. II. Reconstitution of vectorial transphosphorylation in phospholipid vesicles, J. Biol. Chem. 258:10757–10760.
Levine, R. L., and Federici, M. M., 1982, Quantitation of aromatic residues in proteins: Model compounds for second-derivative spectroscopy, Biochemistry 21:2600–2606.
Lipmann, F., 1944, Enzymatic synthesis of acetyl phosphate, J. Biol. Chem. 155:55–70.
Liu, K. D. F., and Roseman, S., 1983a, Kinetic properties and regulation of methyl a-glucoside uptake by Salmonella typhimurium membrane vesicles, Fed. Proc. 42:1941.
Liu, K. D. F., and Roseman, S., 1983b, Kinetic characterization and regulation of phosphoenolpyruvatedependent methyl a-D-glucopyranoside transport by Salmonella typhimurium membrane vesicles, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80:7142–7145.
Magasanik, B., 1970, Glucose effects: Inducer exclusion and repression, in: The Lactose Operon (J. R. Beckwith and D. Zipser, eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, pp. 189–219.
Makman, R. S., and Sutherland, E. W., 1965, Adenosine 3’,5’-phosphate in Escherichia coli, J. Biol. Chem. 240:1309–1314.
Marquet, M., Creignou, M., and Dedoner, R., 1976, The phosphoenolpyruvate:methyl a-D-glucoside phosphotransferase system in Bacillus subtilis Marburg 168: Purification and identification of the phosphocarrier protein (HPr), Biochimie 58:435–441.
Mason, P. W., Carbone, D. P., Cushman, R. A., and Waggoner, A. S., 1981, The importance of inorganic phosphate in regulation of energy metabolism of Streptococcus lactis, J. Biol. Chem. 256:1861–1866.
Mattoo, R. L., and Waygood, E. B., 1983, Determination of the levels of HPr and enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium,Can. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 61:29–37.
Meadow, N. D., and Roseman, S., 1982, Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Isolation and characterization of a glucose-specific phosphocarrier protein (III’) from Salmonella typhimurium, J. Biol. Chem. 257:14526–14537.
Meadow, N. D., and Roseman, S., 1983, A protease in S. typhimurium membranes which processes III’, a protein of the phosphotransferase system, Fed. Proc. 42:1813.
Meadow, N. D., Rosenberg, J. M., Pinkert, H. M., and Roseman, S., 1982a, Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Evidence that crr is the structural gene for the Salmonella typhimurium glucose-specific phosphocarrier protein III’, J. Biol. Chem. 257:14538–14542.
Meadow, N. D., Saffen, D. W., Dottin, R. P., and Roseman, S., 1982b, Molecular cloning of the crr gene and evidence that it is the structural gene for III’, a phosphocarrier protein of the bacterial phosphotransferase system, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:2528–2532.
Misko, T. P., 1983, Studies on the transport and regulatory functions of the phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system in Salmonella typhimurium,Ph.D. dissertation, The Johns Hopkins University, University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Misset, O., and Robillard, G. T., 1982, Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system: Mechanism of phosphoryl-group transfer from phosphoenolpyruvate to HPr, Biochemistry 21:3136–3142.
Misset, O., Brouwer, M., and Robillard, G. T„ 1980, Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. Evidence that the dimer is the active form of enzyme I, Biochemistry 19:883–890.
Mitchell, W. J., Misko, T. P., and Roseman, S., 1982, Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Regulation of other transport systems (lactose and melibiose), J. Biol. Chem. 257:14553–14564.
Nelson, S. O., Scholte, B. J., and Postma, P. W., 1982, Phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system-mediated regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in Salmonella typhimurium,J. Bacteriol. 150:604–615.
Nelson, S. O., Wright, J. K., and Postma, P. W., 1983, The mechanism of inducer exclusion. Direct interaction between purified III61c of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system and the lactose carrier of Escherichia coli, Eur. Mol. Biol. Org. J. 2:715–720.
Osumi, T., and Saier, M. H., Jr., 1982, Regulation of lactose permease activity by the phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system: Evidence for direct binding of the glucose-specific enzyme III to the lactose permease, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:1457–1461.
Parra, F., Jones-Mortimer, M. C., and Kornberg, H. L., 1983, Phosphotransferase mediated regulation of carbohydrate utilization in Escherichia coli K12. The nature of the iex (crr) and gsr (tgs) mutations, J. Gen. Microbiol. 129:337–348.
Pastan, I., and Perlman, R., 1970, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate in bacteria, Science 169:339–344.
Perret, J., and Gay, P., 1979, Kinetic study of a phosphoryl exchange reaction between fructose and fructose 1-phosphate catalyzed by the membrane-bound enzyme II of the phosphoenolpyruvate-fructose 1phosphotransferase system of Bacillus subtilis, Eur. J. Biochem. 102:237–246.
Peterkofsky, A., and Gazdar, C., 1975, Interaction of Enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system with adenylate cyclase of Escherichia coli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:2920–2924.
Peterkofsky, A., and Gazdar, C., 1978, The Escherichia coil adenylate cyclase complex: Activation by phosphoenolpyruvate, J. Supramol. Struct. 9:219–230.
Postma, P. W., 1976, Involvement of phosphotransferase system in galactose transport in Salmonella typhimurium, FEBS Lett. 61:49–53.
Postma, P. W., 1981, Defective enzyme II-BOIc of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system leading to uncoupling of transport and phosphorylation in Salmonella typhimurium, J. Bacteriol. 147:382–389.
Postma, P. W., 1982, Regulation of sugar in Salmonella typhimurium, Ann. Microbiol. (Inst. Pasteur) 133A:261–267.
Postma, P. W., and Roseman, S., 1976, The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 457:213–257.
Postma, P. W., and Stock, J. B., 1980, Enzymes II of the phosphotransferase system do not catalyze sugar transport in the absence of phosphorylation, J. Bacteriol. 141:476–484.
Reider, E., Wagner, E. F., and Schweiger, M., 1979, Control of phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase-mediated sugar transport in Escherichia coli by energization of the cell membrane, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:5529–5533.
Rephaeli, A. W., and Saler, M. H., Jr., 1978, Kinetic analyses of the sugar phosphate:sugar transphosphorylation reaction catalyzed by the glucose enzyme II complex of the bacterial phosphotransferase system, J. Biol. Chem. 253:7595–7597.
Rephaeli, A. W., and Saier, M. H., Jr., 1980, Substrate specificity and kinetic characterization of sugar uptake and phosphorylation, catalyzed by the mannose enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system in Salmonella typhimurium, J. Biol. Chem. 255:8585–8591.
Roberts, R. B., Cowie, D. B., Abelson, P. H., Bolton, E. T., and Britten, R. J., 1963, Studies of biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 607, Washington, D.C., pp. 515.
Robillard, G. T., and Konings, W. N., 1981, Physical mechanism for regulation of phosphoenolpyruvatedependent glucose transport activity in Escherichia coli, Biochemistry 20:5025–5032.
Robillard, G. T., and Lageveen, R. G., 1982, Non-vectorial phosphorylation by the bacterial PEP-dependent phosphotransferase system is an artifact of spheroplast and membrane vesicle preparation procedures, FEBS Lett. 147:143–148.
Robillard, G. T., Dooijewaard, G., and Lolkema, J., 1979, Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate dependent phosphotransferase system. Complete purification of Enzyme I by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, Biochemistry 18:2984–2989.
Roossien, F. F., Dooijewaard, G., and Robillard, G. T., 1979, The Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvatedependent phosphotransferase system: Observation of heterogeneity in the amino acid composition of HPr, Biochemistry 18:5793–5797.
Rose, S. P., and Fox, C. F., 1971, The 13-glucoside system of Escherichia coli. II. Kinetic evidence for a phosphoryl-enzyme II intermediate, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 45:376–380.
Roseman, S., 1972, Carbohydrate transport in bacterial cells, in: Metabolic Transport, Vol. VI (L. E. Hokin, ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 41–89.
Roseman, S., 1977, The transport of sugars across bacterial membranes, in: Biochemistry of Membrane Transport,FEBS-Symposium No. 42 (G. Semenza and E. Carafoli, eds.), Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 582–597.
Saier, M. H., Jr., 1977, Bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase systems: Structural, functional, and evolutionary interrelationships, Bacteriol. Rev. 41:856–871.
Saier, M. H., Jr., and Feucht, B. U., 1980, Regulation of carbohydrate transport activities in Salmonella typhimurium: Use of the phosphoglycerate transport system to energize solute uptake, J. Bacteriol. 141:611–617.
Saier, M. H., Jr., and Moczydlowski, E. G., 1978, The regulation of carbohydrate transport in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, in: Bacterial Transport (B. P. Rosen, ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 103–125.
Saier, M. H., Jr., and Newman, M. J., 1976, Direct transfer of the phosphoryl moiety of mannitol 1-phosphate to [14C]mannitol catalyzed by the enzyme II complexes of the phosphoenolpyruvate:mannitol phosphotransferase systems in Spirochaeta aurantia and Salmonella typhimurium, J. Biol. Chem. 251:3834–3837.
Saier, M. H., Jr., and Roseman, S., 1976a, Sugar transport. The crr mutation: Its effect on repression of enzyme synthesis, J. Biol. Chem. 251:6598–6605.
Saier, M. H., Jr., and Roseman, S., 1976b, Sugar transport. Inducer exclusion and regulation of the melibiose, maltose, glycerol, and lactose transport systems by the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system, J. Biol. Chem. 251:6606–6615.
Saier, M. H., Jr., and Schmidt, M. R., 1981, Vectorial and nonvectorial transphosphorylation catalyzed by enzymes II of the bacterial phosphotransferase system, J. Bacteriol. 145:391–397.
Saier, M. H., Jr., Bromberg, F. G., and Roseman, S., 1973, Characterization of constitutive galactose permease mutants in Salmonella typhimurium, J. Bacteriol. 113:512–514.
Saier, M. H., Jr., Simoni, R. D., and Roseman, S., 1976, Sugar transport. Properties of mutant bacteria defective in proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system, J. Biol. Chem. 251:6584–6597.
Saier, M. H., Jr., Cox, D. F., and Moczydlowski, E. G., 1977a, Sugar phosphate:sugar transphosphorylation coupled to exchange group translocation catalyzed by the enzyme II complexes of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system in membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli, J. Biol. Chem. 252:8908–8916.
Saier, M. H., Jr., Feucht, B. U., and Mora, W. K., 1977b, Sugar phosphate:sugar transphosphorylation and exchange group translocation catalyzed by the enzyme II complexes of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system, J. Biol. Chem. 252:8899–8907.
Saier, M. H., Jr., Newman, M. J., and Rephaeli, A. W., 1977c, Properties of a phosphoenolpyru- vate:mannitol phosphotransferase system in Spirochaeta aurantia, J. Biol. Chem. 252:8890–8898.
Saier, M. H., Jr., Schmidt, M. R., and Lin, P., 1980, Phosphoryl exchange reaction catalyzed by enzyme I of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. Kinetic characterization, J. Biol. Chem. 255:8579–8584.
Saier, M. H., Jr., Keeler, D. K., and Feucht, B. U., 1982, Physiological desensitization of carbohydrate permeases and adenylate cyclase to regulation by the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Involvement of adenosine cyclic 3’,5’-phosphate and inducer, J. Biol. Chem. 257:2509–2517.
Sanderson, K. E., and Roth, J. R., 1983, Linkage map of Salmonella typhimurium, Edition VI, Microbiol. Rev. 47:410–453.
Schachter, H., 1973, On the interpretation of Michaelis constants for transport, J. Biol. Chem. 248:974–976.
Scholte, B. J., and Postma, P. W., 1980, Mutation in the crp gene of Salmonella typhimurium which interferes with inducer exclusion, J. Bacteriol. 141:751–757.
Scholte, B. J., and Postma, P. W., 1981, Competition between two pathways for sugar uptake by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system in Salmonella typhimurium, Eur. J. Biochem. 114:51–58.
Scholte, B. J., Schuitema, A. R., and Postma, P. W., 1981, Isolation of III’ of the phosphoenolpyruvatedependent glucose phosphotransferase system of Salmonella typhimurium, J. Bacteriol. 148:257–264.
Scholte, B. J., Schuitema, A. R. J., and Postma, P. W., 1982, Characterization of Factor III’ in catabolite repression-resistant (crr) mutants of Salmonella typhimurium, J. Bacteriol. 149:576–586.
Schrecker, O., Stein, R., Hengstenberg, W., Gassner, M., and Stehlik, D., 1975, The Staphylococcal PEP dependent phosphotransferase system, proton magnetic resonance (PMR) studies on the phosphoryl carrier protein HPr: Evidence for a phosphohistidine residue in the intact phospho-HPr molecule, FEBS Lett. 51:309–312.
Silhavy, T. J., Ferenci, T., and Boos, W., 1978, Sugar transport systems in Escherichia coli, in: Bacterial Transport (B. P. Rosen, ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 127–169.
Simoni, R. D., and Roseman, S., 1973, Sugar transport. VII. Lactose transport in staphylococcus aureus, J. Biol. Chem. 248:966–976.
Simoni, R. D., Levinthal, M., Kundig, F. D., Kundig, W., Anderson, B., Hartman, P. E., and Roseman, S., 1967, Genetic evidence for the role of a bacterial phosphotransferase system in sugar transport, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 58:1963–1970.
Simoni, R. D., Smith, M., and Roseman, S., 1968, Resolution of a Staphylococcal phosphotransferase system into four protein components and its relation to sugar transport, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 31:804–811.
Simoni, R. D., Hays, J. B., Nakazawa, T., and Roseman, S., 1973a, Sugar transport. VI. Phosphoryl transfer in the lactose phosphotransferase system of Staphylococcus aureus, J. Biol. Chem. 248:957–965.
Simoni, R. D., Nakazawa, T., Hays, J. B., and Roseman, S., 1973b, Sugar transport. IV. Isolation and characterization of the lactose phosphotransferase system in Staphylococcus aureus, J. Biol. Chem. 248:932–940.
Solomon, E., Miyai, K., and Lin, E. C. C., 1973, Membrane translocation of mannitol in Escherichia coli without phosphorylation, J. Bacteriol. 114:723–728.
Stein, R., Schrecker, O., Lauppe, H. F., and Hengstenberg, H., 1974, The Staphylococcal PEP dependent phosphotransferase system: Demonstration of a phosphorylated intermediate of the enzyme I component, FEBS Lett. 42:98–100.
Stock, J. B., Waygood, E. B., Meadow, N. D., Postma, P. W., and Roseman, S., 1982, Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. The glucose receptors of the Salmonella typhimurium phosphotransferase system, J. Biol. Chem. 257:14543–14552.
Tyler, B., and Magasanik, B., 1970, Physiological basis of transient repression of catabolic enzymes in Escherichia coli, J. Bacterial. 102:411–422.
Ullah, A., and Cirillo, V., 1976, Mycoplasma phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system: Purification and characterization of the phosphocarrier protein, J. Bacteriol. 127:1298–1306.
Valdes, R., Jr., and Ackers, G. K., 1979, Study of protein subunit association equilibria by elution gelchromatography, Meth. Enzymol. 61:125–142.
Wang, R. J., and Morse, M. L., 1968, Carbohydrate accumulation and metabolism in Escherichia coli I. Description of pleiotropic mutants. J. Mol. Biol. 32:59–66.
Waygood, E. B., and Steeves, T., 1980, Enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferasesystem of Escherichia coli. Purification to homogeneity and some properties, Can. J. Biochem. 58:40–48.
Waygood, E. B., Cordaro, J. C., and Roseman, S., 1975, Pseudo-HPr, a substitute for HPr in the PEP:sugar phosphotransferase system, Proc. Can. Fed. Biol. Soc. 18:115.
Waygood, E. B., Weigel, N., Nakazawa, A., Kukuruzinska, M., and Roseman, S., 1977, Purification and properties of Enzyme I of the PEP:glycose phosphotransferase system (PTS), Proc. Can. Fed. Biol. Soc. 20:54.
Waygood, E. B., Meadow, N. D., and Roseman, S., 1979, Modified assay procedures for the phosphotransferase system in enteric bacteria, Anal. Biochem. 95:293–304.
Weigel, N., Kukuruzinska, M. A., Nakazawa, A., Waygood, E. B., and Roseman, S., 1982a, Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Phosphoryl transfer reactions catalyzed by enzyme I of Salmonella typhimurium, J. Biol. Chem. 257:14477–14491.
Weigel, N., Powers, D. A., and Roseman, S., 1982b, Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Primary structure and active site of a general phosphocarrier protein (HPr) from Salmonella typhimurium, J. Biol. Chem. 257:14499–14509.
Weigel, N., Waygood, E. B., Kukuruzinska, M. A., Nakazawa, A., and Roseman, S., 1982c, Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Isolation and characterization of enzyme I from Salmonella typhimurium, J. Biol. Chem. 257:14461–14469.
Winkler, H. H., and Wilson, T. H., 1967, Inhibition of 3-galactoside transport by substrates of the glucose transport system in Escherichia coli, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 135:1030–1051.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Meadow, N.D., Kukuruzinska, M.A., Roseman, S. (1985). The Bacterial Phosphoenolpyruvate:Sugar Phosphotransferase System. In: Martonosi, A.N. (eds) The Enzymes of Biological Membranes. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4601-2_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4601-2_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4603-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4601-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive