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Rotational Diffusion of Membrane Proteins Optical Methods

  • Chapter
The Enzymes of Biological Membranes

Abstract

Optical methods for measurement of Brownian rotational diffusion depend upon the use of linearly polarized light. Furthermore, the molecule under study must be capable of being photoexcited to some state which can be detected separately from the non-excited state. The measurements of rotation depend upon photoselection, which briefly works as follows. An isotropic (random) array of molecules is partially converted to the excited state by a flash of polarized light of appropriate wavelength. Because of the relationship between molecular orientation and the probability of absorbing linearly polarized light, the population of excited molecules is anisotropic. This anisotropy can be detected optically in various ways: by polarization of light emitted from the excited state, e.g., prompt and delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence, by polarized absorption measurements of the excited state absorption bands, i.e., linear dichroism, or of the remaining and also anisotropic ground-state absorption bands. Rotational diffusion will abolish the flash-established anisotropy in a time-dependent fashion. Conversely, measurements of the decay of flash-induced anisotropy enable rotational diffusion coefficients to be calculated. These concepts were established more than half a century ago (Perrin, 1926, 1929) and have been extensively reviewed (Albrecht, 1961, 1970).

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK

    Peter B. Garland & Pauline Johnson

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  1. State University of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA

    Anthony N. Martonosi

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Garland, P.B., Johnson, P. (1985). Rotational Diffusion of Membrane Proteins Optical Methods. In: Martonosi, A.N. (eds) The Enzymes of Biological Membranes. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4598-5_13

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