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The Science and Technology of Coal and Coal Utilization pp 381–488Cite as

Catalysis and Catalytic Deactivation

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Abstract

This chapter is divided into three sections that summarize current understanding of the catalysis of coal liquefaction. The first section, Instrumental Analysis of Coal Liquefaction Catalysts, focuses on instrumental techniques that are useful for describing the chemical and physical properties of catalysts. Over 15 techniques are discussed by dividing them into four groups defined by their “sampling depth.” Recent noteworthy research using these techniques is referenced and material is discussed that describes advances in the correlation of catalytic performance with chemical-physical properties of catalysts. Metal speciation on and in zeolite materials, notably ZSM-5, is discussed as an application of instrumental analysis to the investigation of catalysts potentially useful for the indirect liquefaction of coal. Catalysts useful in direct liquefaction processes are then examined with a variety of techniques. These studies are used to suggest changes in metal speciation that occur as a function of catalyst synthesis and activation procedures and to propose mechanisms of catalyst deactivation.

We regret to inform the reader that Dr. Leon M. Polinski passed away after the writing of the chapter was completed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center, U.S. Department of Energy, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15236, USA

    Leon M. Polinski, V. Udaya S. Rao & John M. Stencel

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  1. Leon M. Polinski
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  2. V. Udaya S. Rao
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  1. West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA

    Bernard R. Cooper

  2. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA

    William A. Ellingson

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Polinski, L.M., Rao, V.U.S., Stencel, J.M. (1984). Catalysis and Catalytic Deactivation. In: Cooper, B.R., Ellingson, W.A. (eds) The Science and Technology of Coal and Coal Utilization. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4580-0_10

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