Abstract
Leishmanias are protozoan parasites transmitted to mammalian hosts by the bite of sandflies. After injection into the skin, the flagellate forms (promastigotes) are taken up by macrophages, where they transform into the aflagellate form (amastigotes). Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by parasites belonging to the L. tropica (Old World), L. mexicana and L. brasiliensis complex (New World) Mucocutaneous forms of the disease usually result from infection with L. brasiliensis and visceral leishmaniasis, commonly named kala-azar, is caused by L. donovani The clinical manifestations observed in patients infected with these parasites form a spectrum of diseases similar to that described in leprosy. The types of pathologic changes observed in infected human subjects appear to be dependent on factors related to both the parasite and the host response. Furthermore, observations that the development of parasite-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses are often concommitant with the resolution of cutaneous human lesions point to a major role played by cell-mediated immunity in the healing of cutaneous lesions (Alder, 1964). The absence of specific DTH reactions during the active phase of visceral leishmaniasis support this hypothesis.
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Louis, J.A., Lima, G., Pestel, J., Titus, R., Engers, H.D. (1984). Murine T-Cell Responses to Protozoan and Metazoan Parasites: Functional Analysis of T-Cell Lines and Clones Specific for Leishmania tropica and Schistosoma mansoni. In: Marchalonis, J.J. (eds) Immunobiology of Parasites and Parasitic Infections. Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology, vol 12. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4571-8_6
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