Skip to main content

Enhancement of Nonspecific Resistance to Tumor by Endotoxin

  • Chapter

Abstract

Since the late 1800s, bacterial products have been used as antitumor agents for the treatment of cancer patients. In spite of the fact that most patients treated with these products have been in advanced stages of the disease, the clinical results obtained have been generally encouraging and occasionally remarkable. Endotoxin has been shown to be one of the most potent antitumor components in these bacterial preparations. Therefore, endotoxin has been extensively studied in animal tumor models to determine the conditions under which it may be used most effectively against tumors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexander, P., and Evans, R., 1971, Endotoxin and double-stranded RNA render macrophages cytotoxic, Nature New Biol. 232:76.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arai, M., Nakahara, M., Hamano, K., and Okazaki, H., 1975, Isolation and characterization of antitumor lipopolysaccharide from Proteus mirabilis, Agnc. Biol. Chem. 39:1813.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beebe, S. P., and Tracy, M., 1907, The treatment of experimental tumors with bacterial toxins,J. Am. Med. Assoc. 49:1493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behling, U. H., and Nowotny, A., 1977, Immune adjuvancy of lipopolysaccharide and a nontoxic hydrolytic product demonstrating oscillating effects with time, J. Immunol. 118:1905.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bober, L. A., Kranepool, M. J., and Hollander, V. P., 1976, Inhibitory effect of endotoxin on the growth of plasma cell tumor, Cancer Res. 36:927.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, V., 1973, Immunologic and antineoplastic effects of endotoxin: Role of membranes and mediation by cyclic adenosine-3′, 5′-monophosphate, J. Infect. Dis. 128 (Suppl.):118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R. C., and Friedman, H., 1980a, Leukemia virus-induced immunosuppression: Reversal by subcellular factors, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 332:446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R. C., and Friedman, H., 1980b, Restoration of leukemia cell immune responses by bacterial products, in: Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Disease (J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, eds.), American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R. C., and Nowotny, A., 1976, Colony stimulating factor (CSF)-containing serum has anti-tumor effects, IRCS Med. Sci. 4:206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R. C., and Nowotny, A., 1979, Enhancement of nonspecific resistance to tumor by combinations of immunostimulatory bacterial products, Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 6:255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R. C., Nowotny, A., and Friedman, H., 1977, Stimulation of an in vitro antibody response by endotoxin-induced soluble factors, J. Reticuloendothelial Soc. 22:28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R. C., Abdelnoor, A. M., and Nowotny, A., 1978, Interrelationship between bone marrow colony-stimulating (CSF) and antitumor resistance (TUR) enhancing activities of post-endotoxin sera, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 75:2893.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R. C., Nowotny, A., and Friedman, H., 1980a, Macrophage factors that enhance the antibody response, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 332:564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R. C., Friedman, H., and Nowotny, A., 1980b, Restoration of depressed antibody responses of leukemic splenocytes treated with LPS-induced factors, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 121A:315.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, D. J., and Churchill, W. H., 1980, Cytotoxicity of human macrophages for tumor cells: Enhancement by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS),J. Immunol. 124:408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carswell, E. A., Old, L. J., Kassel, R. L., Green, S., Fiore, N., and Williamson, B., 1975, An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 72:3666.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, H., Thompson, J. J., and Nowotny, A., 1974, Release of colony stimulating factor (CSF) by non-endotoxic breakdown products of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, Immunol. Commun. 3:402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chedid, L., Parent, M., Parent, F., Gustafson, R. H., and Berger, F. M., 1972, Biological study of a nontoxic, water-soluble immunoadjuvant from mycobacterial cell walls, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 69:855.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coley, W. B., 1893, The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of erysipelas, with a report of original cases, Am. J. Med. Sci. 105:487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Copeland, M. M., 1967, Primary malignant tumors of bone: Evaluation of current diagnosis and treatment, Cancer 20:738.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coutinho, A., 1976, Genetic control of B-cell responses. II. Identification of the spleen B-cell defect in C3H JHeJ mice, Scand. J. Immunol. 123:61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duran-Reynals, F., 1935, Reaction of spontaneous mouse carcinomas to blood-carried bacterial toxins, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 32:1517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, R., and Alexander, P., 1972, Mechanism of immunologically specific killing of tumor cells by macrophages, Nature (London) 236:168.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Felton, L. D., Kauffman, C., and Stahl, H. T., 1935, The precipitation of bacterial polysaccharides with calcium phosphate,J. Bacterwl. 29:149.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fogg, L. C., 1936, Effect of certain bacterial products upon the growth of mouse tumor, Public Health Rep. 51:56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, G. A., 1969a, Enhancement of Natural Resistance to Malignant Melanoma with Special Reference to the Beneficial Effects of Concurrent Infections and Bacterial Toxin Therapy, Monograph No. 9, New York Cancer Research Institute, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, G. A., 1969b, Beneficiai Effects of Acute Bacterial Infections or Bacterial Toxin Therapy of Cancer of the Colon or Rectum, Monograph No. 10, New York Cancer Research Institute, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, H., and Butler, R. C., 1979, Immunomodulatory effects of endotoxin-induced factors, in: Microbiology 1979 (D. Schlessinger, ed.), American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R. E., Bailey, G. H., and Hyde, R. R., 1939, Hemorrhagic activity of toxic carbohydrate complexes from bacteria on a transplantable rat tumor, Am. J. Hyg. 29:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, M., Djeu, J. Y., Kirchner, H., and Herberman, R. B., 1976, Augmentation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity against syngeneic Gross virus-induced lymphoma in rats by phytohemagglutinin and endotoxin,J. Immunol. 116:1542.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gratia, A., and Linz, R., 1931, Le phénomène de Shwartzman dans la sarcome du cobaye, C. R. Soc. Bwl. 108:427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grohsman, J., and Nowotny, A., 1972, The immune recognition of TA3 tumors, its facilitation by endotoxin, and abrogation by ascites fluid,J. Immunol. 109:1090.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartwell, J. L., Shear, M. J., and Adams, J. R., 1943, Chemical treatment of tumors. VII. Nature of the hemorrhage-producing fraction from Serratia marcescens (Bacillus prodigwsus) culture filtrate,J.Nat. Cancer Inst. 4:107.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, J. S., Migliore, R. D., and Berbrayer, D., 1976, Interference by cortisone with endotoxin’s adjuvator action on transplantation of a mouse tumour, J. Cancer Res. 33: 203.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoshi, A., Kanzawa, F., Kuretani, K., Homma, J. Y., and Abe, C., 1972, Anti-tumor activity of protein moiety of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa endotoxin, Gann 63:503.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoshi, A., Kanzawa, F., Kuretani, K., Homma, J. Y., Abe, C., 1973, Anti-tumor activity of constituents of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gann 64:423.

    Google Scholar 

  • Männel, D. N., Farrar, J. J., and Mergenhagen, S. E., 1980, Separation of a serum-derived tumoricidal factor from a helper factor for plaque-forming cells, J. Immunol. 124: 1106.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, T. R., and Nicholson, J. T., 1971, End results in reticulum cell sarcoma of bone treated by bacterial toxin therapy alone or combined with surgery and Jor radiotherapy (47 cases) or with concurrent infection (5 cases), Cancer 27:524.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mita, A., 1972, Immunological evidences for proliferation and migration of lymphocytes induced by administration of potent antitumor phosphomucolipid in tumor-bearing mice, Rev. Eur. Etud. Clin. Biol. 17:860.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mizuno, D., Yoshioka, O., Akamatu, M., and Kataoka, T., 1968, Antitumor effect of intracutaneous injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, Cancer Res. 28:1531.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakahara, M., Kitahara, N., Hamano, K., Arai, M., and Okazaki, H., 1975, Antitumor lipopolysaccharide from heptoseless mutant of Proteus mirabilis, Agnc. Biol. Chem. 39: 1821.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nauts, H. C., Fowler, G. A., and Bogatko, F. H., 1953, A review of the influence of bacterial infection and of bacterial products (Coley’s toxins) on malignant tumors in man, Acta Med. Scand. 145(Suppl. 276): 103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, A. K., Butler, R. C., Chen, C.-L., and Nowotny, A., 1976, Relationship of structure to function in bacterial endotoxins. IX. Differences in the lipid moiety of endotoxic gly-colipids,J. Bacteriol. 126:511.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nigam, V. N., 1975, Effect of core lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella minnesota R mutants on the survival times of mice bearing Ehrlich tumor, Cancer Res. 35:628.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nowotny, A., and Butler, R. C., 1980, Studies on the endotoxin induced tumor resistance, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 121B:455.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nowotny, A., Golub, S., and Key, B., 1971, Fate and effect of endotoxin derivatives in tumor-bearing mice, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 136:66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nowotny, A., Behling, U. H., and Chang, H. L., 1975, Relation of structure to function in bacterial endotoxins. VIII. Biological activities in a polysaccharide-rich fraction, J. Immunol. 115:199.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Malley, W. E., Achinstcin, B., and Shear, M. J., 1962, Action of bacterial polysaccharide on tumors. II. Damage of sarcoma 37 by serum of mice treated with Serratia marcescens polysaccharide, and induced tolerance,J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 29:1169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parr, I., Wheeler, E., and Alexander, P., 1973, Similarities of the anti-tumour actions of endotoxin, lipid A and double-stranded RNA, Br. J. Cancer 27:370.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pimm, M. V., and Baldwin, R. W., 1974, BCG immunotherapy of rat tumours in athymic nude mice, Nature (London) 254:77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prigal, S. J., 1968, A new application of mineral oil emulsions: The induction in mice of prolonged resistance to a variety of lethal challenges, Ann. Allergy 26:374.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribi, E., Meyer, T. J., Azuma, I., and Abar, B., 1972, Mycobacterial cell wall components in tumor suppression and regression, Nat. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 39:115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribi, E., Granger, D. L., Milner, K. C., and Strain, S. M., 1975, Brief communication: Tumor regression caused by endotoxins and mycobacterial fractions, J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 55:1253.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribi, E., Takayama, K., Milner, K., Gray, G., Goren, M., Parker, R., McLaughlin, C., and Kelly, M., 1976, Regression of tumors by an endotoxin combined with trehalose mycolates of differing structure, Cancer Immunol. 1:265.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribi, E., Cantrell, J. L., Nowotny, A., Parker, R., Schwartzman, S. C., Von Eschen, K. B., and Wheat, R. W., 1979, Tumor regression caused by endotoxins combined with trehalose dimycolate, Toxicon 17:150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruff, M. R., and Gifford, G. E., 1980, Purification and physico-chemical characterization of rabbit tumor necrosis factor,J. Immunol. 125:1671.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, C. J., 1940, The effect of a toxic carbohydrate complex from S. ententidis on transplantable rat tumors in tissue cultures, Am. J. Hyg. 31:114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shear, M. J., and Andervont, H. B., 1936, Chemical treatment of tumors. III. Separation of hemorrhage-producing fraction of E. coll filtrate, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 34:323.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shwartzman, G., 1936, Reactivity of malignant neoplasms to bacterial filtrates. II. Relation of mortality to hemorrhagic necrosis and regression elicited by certain bacterial filtrates, Arch. Pathol. 21:509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shwartzman, G., and Michailovsky, N., 1932, Phenomenon of local skin reactivity to bacterial filtrates in the treatment of mouse sarcoma 180, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 29: 737.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, E. R., Hansen, G., Woodcock, J., and Metcalf, D., 1975, Colony stimulating factor and the regulation of granulopoiesis and macrophage production, Fed. Proc. 34: 2272.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strausser, H. R., and Bober, L. A., 1972, Inhibition of tumor growth and survival of aged mice inoculated with Moloney tumor transplants and treated with endotoxin, Cancer Res. 32:2156.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tripodi, D., Hollenbeck, L., and Pollack, W., 1970, The effect of endotoxin on the implantation of a mouse sarcoma, Int. Arch. Allergy 37:575.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wahl, S. M., 1974, Role of macrophages in inducing monocyte (MNL) chemotactic factor (CTF) production by guinea pig T and B lymphocytes, Fed. Proc. 33:744.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilton, J. L., Rosenstreich, D. L., and Oppenheim, J. J., 1975, Activation of guinea pig macrophages by bacterial lipopolysaccharide requires bone marrow derived lymphocytes,J. Immunol. 114:388.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, C., and Nowotny, A., 1974, Effect of endotoxin on tumor resistance in mice, Infect. Immun. 9:95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang-Ko, C., Grohsman, J., Rote, N., Jr., Nowotny, A., 1974, Non-specific resistance induced in allogeneic mice to the transplantable TA3-Ha tumor by endotoxin and its derivatives, 8th International Congress on Chemotherapy, Athens, pp. 193–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, T., Sonozaki, H., and Cohen, S., 1973, The production of migration inhibition factor by B and T cells of the guinea pig, J. Exp. Med. 138:784

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zahl, P. A., Hutner, S. H., Spitz, S., Sugiura, K., and Cooper, F. S., 1942, Action of bacterial toxins on tumors. I. Relationship of tumor-hemorrhagic agent to endotoxin antigens of gram-negative bacteria, Am. J. Hyg. 36:224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zbar, B., Bernstein, I. D., and Rapp, H. J., 1972, Suppression of tumor growth at the site of infection with living Bacillus Calmette & Guerin,J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 46:831–839.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Butler, R.C. (1983). Enhancement of Nonspecific Resistance to Tumor by Endotoxin. In: Nowotny, A. (eds) Beneficial Effects of Endotoxins. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4364-6_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4364-6_25

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4366-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4364-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics