Skip to main content

Mapping Fossil Endocasts

  • Chapter

Abstract

One of the major themes of this volume is to underscore current efforts to synthesize the fields of comparative neurology and paleoneurology. In recent years, primate paleoneurologists have used cortical maps determined by neurophysiologists to interpret fossil endocasts (Falk, 1981; Gurche, this volume; Radinsky, 1972, 1975, 1979). As Galaburda and Pandya (this volume) point out, new information on architectonics and connections derived from comparative neurology should be incorporated into functional interpretations of fossil endocasts. The purpose of this paper is to review and, where necessary reinterpret, sulcal patterns of fossil primate endocasts in light of neurophysiological (Welker, 1976) and architectonic (Galaburda and Pandya, this volume) data.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ariens-Kappers, C.U., Huber, G.C., and Crosby, E.C., 1960. The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates, Including Man, Hafner, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connolly, C.J., 1950. External Morphology of the Primate Brain, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coxe, W.S., Hirsch, J.E., Benjamin, R.M., Welker, W.L., Thompson, R.F., and Woolsey, C.M., 1957. Precentral and supplementary motor areas of Ateles. Physiologist, 1:19 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Crosby, E.C., Humphrey, T., and Lauer, E., 1962. Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System, Macmillan, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dart, R.A., 1925, Australopithecus africanus: The man-ape of South Africa. Nature Lond., 115:195–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falk, D., 1978a, Cerebral asymmetry in Old World monkeys. Acta Anat., 101:334–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falk, D., 1978b, External neuroanatomy of Old World monkeys (Ceroco-pithecoidea). Contrib. Primat., 15:1–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falk, D., 1980a, A reanalysis of the South African australopithecine natural endocasts. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop., 53:525–539.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falk, D., 1980b. Comparative study of endocranial casts of New and Old World monkeys. In, Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift, R.L. Ciochon and B. Chiarelli, eds., Plenum, New York, pp. 275–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falk, D., 1980c, Language, handedness and primate brains: did the australopithecines sign? Am. Anthropol., 82:71–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falk, D., 1981. Sulcal patterns of fossil Theropithecus baboons: phylogenetic and functional implications. Int. J. Primatol., in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fulton, J.F., and DeBarenne, J.G.D., 1933, The representation of the tail in the motor cortex of primates, with special reference to spider monkeys. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol., 2:399–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galaburda, A.M., LeMay, M., Kemper, T.L., and Geschwind, N., 1978, Right-left asymmetries in the brain. Science, 199:852–856.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, J.F., and Coxe, W.S., 1958, Representation of cutaneous tactile sensibility in cerebral cortex of Cebus. J. Neurophysiol., 21:481–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holloway, R.L., 1972. Australopithecine endocasts, brain evolution in the Hominoidea, and a model of hominid evolution. In, The Functional and Evolutionary Biology of Primates, R. Tuttle, ed., Aldine, Chicago, pp. 185–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holloway, R.L., 1975. The Role of Human Social Behavior in the Evolution of the Brain. Forty-third 3ames Arthur Lecture on the Evolution of the Human Brain. The American Museum of Natural History, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.G. and Powell, T.P.S., 1970, An anatomical study of converging sensory pathways within the cerebral cortex of the monkey. Brain, 93:793–820.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kochetkova, V., 1978. Paleoneurology, Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, A., Sanides, F., and Welker, W.I., 1976, Microelectrode mapping of modality-specific somatic sensory cerebral neocortex in slow loris. Brain Behav. Evol., 13:267–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Gros Clark, W.E., Cooper, D.M., and Zuckerman, S., 1936, The endocranial cast of the chimpanzee. J.R. Anthrop. Inst., 66:249–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, M.R., Beecher, M.D., Zoloth, S.R., Moody, D.B., and Stebbins, W.C., 1978, Neural lateralization of species-specific vocalizations by Japenese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Science, 202:324–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pubols, B.H., and Pubols, L.M., 1971, Somatotopic organization of spider monkey somatic sensory cerebral cortex. J. Comp. Neurol., 141:63–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radinsky, L.B., 1972. Endocasts and studies of primate brain evolution. In, The Functional and Evolutionary Biology of Primates, Aldine, Chicago, pp. 175-184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radinsky, L.B., 1973, Aegyptopithecus endocasts: oldest record of a pongid brain. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 39:239–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radinsky, L.B., 1975, Primate brain evolution. Am. Sci., 63:656–663.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radinsky, L.B., 1979. The Fossil Record of Primate Brain Evolution. Fortyninth James Arthur Lecture on the Evolution of the Human Brain. The American Museum of Natural History, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanides, F., and Krishnamurti, A., 1967, Cytoarchitectonic subdivisions of sensorimotor and pref rontal regions and of bordering insular and limbic fields in slow loris (Nycticebus coucang coucang). J. Hirnforsch., 9:225–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, O., and Vogt, O., 1919, Allgemeine Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. J. Psychol. Neurol., 25:279–462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, A.E., 1940, A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey. J. Comp. Neurol., 73:59–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welker, W.I., 1976, Mapping the brain. Historical trends in functional localization. Brain Behav. Evol., 13:327–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welker, W.I., and Campos, G.B., 1963, Physiological significance of sulci in somatic sensory cerebral cortex in mammals of the family Procyonidae. J. Comp. Neurol., 120:19–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Werner, G., and Whitsel, B.L., 1968, Topology of the body representation in somatosensory area I of primatess. J. Neurophysiol., 31:856–869.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolsey, C.N., 1958. Organization of somatic sensory and motor areas of the cerebral cortex. In, Biological and Biochemical Bases of Behavior, H. Harlow, and C.N. Woolsey, eds., University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, pp. 63–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolsey, C.N., 1964. Cortical localization as defined by evoked potiential and electrical stimulation studies. In, Cerebral Localization and Organization, G. Schaltenbrand and C.N. Woolsey, eds., University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, pp. 17–26.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Falk, D. (1982). Mapping Fossil Endocasts. In: Armstrong, E., Falk, D. (eds) Primate Brain Evolution. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4148-2_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4148-2_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4150-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4148-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics