Skip to main content

The Regulation of Yeast Gene Expression by Multiple Control Elements

  • Chapter
Genetic Engineering of Microorganisms for Chemicals

Part of the book series: Basic Life Sciences ((BLSC))

Abstract

The effective employment of biological systems for production of commercially useful chemicals often requires a thorough understanding of how the desired system is regulated. In the past we have looked to procaryotic systems for models of how control is exerted; they have served us well. However, it is becoming abundantly clear that the procaryotic paradigm does not extend to eucaryotic systems. For these, new models must be developed and new paradigms constructed. My purpose is the development of such a model in the simple eucaryotic microorganism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This yeast is perhaps the oldest commercially cultured organism in existence. It is also one of the most well studied genetic systems available. Our model is the metabolism of two main nitrogen sources, allantoin and arginine. We selected two systems instead of one to gain some insight into the spectrum of regulatory mechanisms that operate in eucaryotic cells. Our choice also presents the added opportunity of assessing the means used to integrate the expression of separately controlled, but functionally related genes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bechet, J., M. Grenson and J. M. Wiame, Mutations affecting the repressibility of arginine biosynthetic enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Eur. J. Biochem., 12: 31–39 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bossinger, J. and T. G. Cooper, Molecular events associated with induction of arginase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Bacteriol. 131: 163–173 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cooper, T. G. Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae possessing fully induced levels of urea amido-lyase in the absence of added incucer, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 82: 1258–1263 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Cooper, T. G., Selective gene expression and metabolite compartmentation: two means of regulating nitrogen metabolism in yeast, Trends in Biochem. Sci., 5: 332–334 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cooper, T. G., M. Gorski, and V. Turoscy, A cluster of 3 genes responsible for allantoin degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gen. 92: 383–396 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cooper, T. G., C. Lam and V. Turoscy, Structural analysis of the dur loci in S. cerevisiae: two domains of a single multifunctional gene, Gen. 94: 555–580 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cooper, T. G. and R. P. Lawther, Induction of the allantoin degradative enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the last intermediate of the pathway, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70: 2340–2344 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Cooper, T. G., G. Marcelli, and R. Sumrada, Factors influencing the observed half lives of specific synthetic capacities in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 517: 464–472 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dubois, E., D. Hiernaux, M. Grenson and J.M. Wiame, Specific induction of catabolism and its relation to repression of biosynthesis in arginine metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Mol. Biol., 122: 383–406 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Errede, B., T.S. Cardillo, F. Sherman, E. Dubois, J. Deschamps and J. M. Wiame, Mating signals control expression of mutations from insertion of a transposable repetitive element adjacent to diverse yeast genes, Cell 22: 427–436 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Gaudy, E.T., R. Bojanowski, R. C. Valentine and R. S. Wolfe, Ureidoglycollate synthetase of Streptococcus allantoicus I Measurement of glyoxylate and enzyme purification, J. Bacteriol. 90: 1525–1530 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hutchinson, H.T., L.H. Hartwell and C.S. McLaughlin, Temperature-sensitive yeast mutant defective in ribinucleic acid production, J. Bacteriol. 99: 807–814 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kuo, S.C., F.R. Cano and J.O. Lampen, Lomofungin, an inhibitor of ribonucleic acis synthesis in yeast protoplasts: its effect on enzyme formation, Antimicrob. Agents Chemoth. 3: 716–722 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lawther, R.P. and T.G. Cooper. Effects of inducer addition and removal upon the level of allophanate hydrolase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 55: 1100–1104 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Lawther, R.P. and T.G. Cooper, Kinetics of induced and repressed enzyme synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Bacteriol. 121: 1064–1073 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lawther, R.P., S.L. Phillips and T.G. Cooper, Lomofungin Inhibition of allophanate hydrolase synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Molec. Gen. Genet. 137: 89–99 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lawther, R.P., E. Riemer, B. Chojnacki, and T.G. Cooper, Clustering of the genes for allantoin degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Bacteriol. 119: 461–469 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lee, K.W. and A.H. Roush (1964) Allantoinase assays and their application to yeast and soybean allantoinases. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 108: 460–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Messenguy, F. and T.G. Cooper, Evidence that specific and general control of ornithine carbamoyltransferase production occurs at the level of transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Bacteriol. 130: 1253–1261 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Middlehoven, W.J., The pathway of arginine breakdown in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 93: 650–652 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Mortimer, R.K. and D. Schild, Genetic map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Microbiol. Rev. 44: 519–571 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Roon, R.J. and B. Levenberg, An adenosine triphosphate-dependent avidin-sensitive enzymatic cleavage of urea in yeast and green algae, J. Biol. Chem. 243: 5213–5215 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Roush, A.H., Allantoinase assays and their application to yeast and soybean allantoinases, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 108: 460–467 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sumrada, R. and T.G. Cooper, Oxaluric acid: a non-metabolizable inducer of the allantoin degradative enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Bacteriol. 117: 1240–1247 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Sumrada, R. and T.G. Cooper, Urea transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Bacteriol. 121: 571–576 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sumrada, R., M.K. Gorski and T.G. Cooper, Urea transport defective strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Bacteriol. 125: 1048–1056 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Sumrada, R., C. Zacharski, V. Turoscy and T.G. Cooper, Induction and inhibition of the allantoin permease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Bacteriol. 135: 498–510 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Tonnesen, T., and J.D. Friesen, Inhibitors of ribonucleic acid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: decay rate of messenger ribonucleic acid, J. Bacteriol. 115: 889–896 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Trijbels, R. and G.D. Vogels, Allantoate and ureidoglycolate degradation by Pseudomonas acidovorans, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 132: 115–126 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Turoscy, V. and T.G. Cooper, Allantoate transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Bacteriol. 140: 971–979 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Van der Drift, C., F.E. DeWindt, and G.D. Vogels, Allantoate hydrolysis by allantoate amidohydrolase, Arch. Biochem. Biophs. 136: 273–279 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Waheed, A. and P.A. Castric, Purification and properties of the urea amidolyase from Candida utilis, J. Biol. Chem. 252: 1628–1632 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Whitney, P.A. and T.G. Cooper, Requirement for HCO3by ATP:Urea amidolyase in yeast, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 40: 814–819 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Whitney, P.A. and T.G. Cooper, Urea carboxylase and allophanate hydrolase: two components of a multienzyme complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 49: 45–51 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Whitney, P.A. and T.G. Cooper, Urea carboxylase and allophanate hydrolase: two components of adenosine triphosphate:urea amidolyase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Biol. Chem. 247: 1349–1353.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Whitney, P.A. and T.G. Cooper, Urea carboxylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence for a minimal two-step reaction sequence, J. Biol. Chem. 248: 325–330 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Whitney, P.A., T.G. Cooper and B. Magasanik, Allophanate, the inducer of urea carboxylase and allophanate hydrolase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Biol. Chem. 248: 6203–6209 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Whiteny, P.A. and B. Magasanik, The induction of arginase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Biol. Chem. 248: 6197–6202 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Wiame, J.M. The regulation of arginine metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: exclusion mechanisms in: Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Vol. 4, B.L. Horecker and E.R. Stadtman Eds., Academic Press, New York (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Williamson, V.M., E.T. Young and M. Ciriacy, Transposable elements associated with constitutive expression of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase II, Cell 23: 605–614 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cooper, T.G. (1982). The Regulation of Yeast Gene Expression by Multiple Control Elements. In: Hollaender, A., DeMoss, R.D., Kaplan, S., Konisky, J., Savage, D., Wolfe, R.S. (eds) Genetic Engineering of Microorganisms for Chemicals. Basic Life Sciences. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4142-0_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4142-0_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4144-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4142-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics