Abstract
Myelomeningocele (or spina bifida), as a medical anomaly, has a long past. Brocklehurst (1976) cites its description by Nicholas Tulp in his Observations Medicae of 1652. Effective medical treatment for myelomeningocele has a short history. It begins with the development in the 1950s of new shunting techniques for the hydrocephalus which often accompanies the disorder. Attention to the psychosocial problems of the growing number of persons with myelomeningocele is even more recent. These are problems which become apparent only when a high level of broadly accessible medical care is available, to give an appreciable survival rate beyond infancy.
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Lindemann, J.E., Boyd, R.D. (1981). Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida). In: Psychological and Behavioral Aspects of Physical Disability. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4004-1_9
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