Abstract
Zooxanthellae are photosynthetic unicellular marine algae endosymbiotic with marine invertebrates. The term is a vernacular derivation of the original genus Zooxantheila, coined by Brandt (1) to describe the dinoflagellate symbionts of the radiolarian Collozoum inerme Haeckel, but now used to describe almost any yellow-brown unicellular algal symbiont. Analysis of zooxanthellae taxonomy and the evidence for genetic diversity of zooxanthellae is reviewed elsewhere (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K. Brandt, Sitzungsberichte Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 9:140–146 (1881).
A. Hollande and D. Carre, Protistologica 10:573–601 (1975).
A.R. Loeblich, III and J.L. Sherley, J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 59:195–205 (1979).
D.A. Schoenberg and R.K. Trench, froc. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 207:405–427 (1980).
D.A. Schoenberg and R.K. Trench, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 207:429–444 (1980).
D.A. Schoenberg and R.K. Trench, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 207:445–460 (1980).
D.L. Taylor, J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 51:227–234 (1971).
D.L. Taylor, Annual Review of Microbiology 27:171–187 (1973).
D.L. Taylor, in: “Symbiosis in the Sea,” W.B. Vernberg, ed., Univ. S. Carolina Press (1974).
L. Muscatine, R.R. Pool, and R.K. Trench, Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 94:450–469 (1975).
D.L. Taylor, J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 48:349–366 (1968).
J.J.A. McLaughlin and P. Zahl, in: “Symbiosis,” S.M. Henry, ed., Academic Press, New York (1966).
E.A. Drew, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 9:71–75 (1972).
P. Dustan, Bull. Mar. Sci. 29:79–95 (1979).
S. Kawaguti and T. Nakayama, Biol. J. Okayama Univ. 16:67–71 (1973).
K.M. Kevin and R.C.L. Hudson, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 36:157–170 (1979).
H. Lasker, Proc. 3rd Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:607–613 (1977).
R.D. Steele, J. Zool. Lond. 179:387–405 (1976).
R.M. Smillie, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 3:133–139 (1976).
L. Muscatine, L.R. McCloskey, and R. Marian, manuscript submitted (1980).
R.S. Blanquet, J.C. Nevenzel, and A.A. Benson, Mar. Biol. 54:185–194 (1979).
J.S. Patton, S. Abraham, and A.A. Benson, Mar. Biol. 44:235–248 (1977).
S.V. Smith, Nature 273:225–226 (1978).
J.B. Lewis, Biol. Rev. 52:305–347 (1977).
D.H. Lewis, in: “Taxonomy and Ecology,” V.H. Heywood, ed., Academic Press, New York (1973).
D.H. Lewis, Biol. Rev. 48:261–278 (1973).
D. Taylor, J. Phycol. 3:238–240 (1967).
S.W. Jeffrey and F.T. Haxo, Biol. Bull. 135:149–165 (1968).
F.T. Haxo, in: “Comparative Biochemistry of Photoreactive Systems,” M.B. Allen, ed., Academic Press, New York (1960).
S. Jeffrey, Nature 220:1032 (1968).
S.W. Jeffrey and Kazuo Shibata, Biol. Bull. 136:54–62 (1969).
P. Halldal, Biol. Bull. 134:411–424 (1968).
B.D. Scott and H.R. Jitts, Mar. Biol. 41:307–315 (1977).
L.R. McCloskey, D.S. Wethey, and J.W. Porter, Monogr. Oceanogr. Methods (SCOR-UNESCO) 4:379–396 (1976).
L. Muscatine and J.W. Porter, Bioscience 27:454–460 (1977).
J.D.S. Strickland, Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 122:1–172 (1960).
E.A. Drew, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Eco1. 13:165–179 (1973).
D.L. Taylor, Helg. wiss. Meeresunters 24:276–283 (1973).
D.J. Barnes and D.L. Taylor, Helg. wiss. Meeresunters 24:284–291 (1973).
B.E. Chalker and D.L. Taylor, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 201:179–189 (1978).
C.J. Crossland and D.J. Barnes, Mar. Biol. 40:185–194 (1977).
P. Davies, Proc. 3rd Int. Coral Reef Symp. 2:392–396 (1977).
P.G. Falkowski and Z. Dubinsky, manuscript submitted (1980).
L. Franzisket, Forma et functio 1:153–158 (1969b).
E.H. Gladfelter and R.K. Monahan, Proc. 3rd Int. Coral Reef Symp. 2:390–394 (1977).
H. Mergner and A. Svoboda, Helg. wiss. Meeresunters 30:383–399 (1977).
A. Svoboda, in: “Physiology and Behavior of Marine Organisms,” D.S. McLusky and A.J. Berry, eds., Pergamon Press (1978).
D.S. Wethey and J.W. Porter, Nature 262:281–282 (1976).
D.S. Wethey and J.W. Porter, in: “Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior,” G.O. Mackie, ed., Plenum Press (1976).
S.W. Jeffrey and G.F. Humphrey, Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 167:191–194 (1975).
J. Bunt, in: “Primary Productivity of the Biosphere,” H. Lieth and R.H. Whittaker, eds., Springer Verlag, New York (1975).
D.F. Smith, Proc. 3rd Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:594–597 (1977).
W.J.S. Downton, D.G. Bishop, A.W.D. Larkum, and C.B. Osmond, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 3:73–79 (1976).
P.S. Davies, Biol. Bull. 158: (1980).
S.L. Coles and P.L. Jokiel, Mar. Biol. 49:187–195 (1978).
J.E. Maragos, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Hawaii, (1972).
R. Redalje, Pac. Sci. 30:212 (1976).
A.B. Foster, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 39:25–54 (1979).
R.R. Graus and I.G. Maclntyre, Science 193:895–897 (1976).
J. Jaubert, Proc. 3rd Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:483–488 (1977).
J.W. Porter, Amer. Nat. 110:731–742 (1976).
A.A. Benson, J.S. Patton, and S. Abraham, Atoll Res. Bull. 220:33–53 (1978).
I.P. Ting, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 3:121–127 (1976).
R.K. Trench, Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 30:485–531 (1979).
J. Beardall, D. Mukerji, H.E. Glover, and I. Morris, J. Ph.ycol. 12:409–417 (1976).
J. Burris, Mar. Biol. 39:371–379 (1977).
L. Muscatine and E. Cernichiari, Biol. Bull. 137:506–523 (1969).
K. Schmitz and B.P. Kremer, Mar. Biol. 42:305–313 (1977).
R.K. Trench, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 177:225–235 (1971).
R.K. Trench, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 177:237–250 (1971).
R.K. Trench, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 177:251–264 (1971).
R.K. Trench, Helg. wiss. Meeresunters 26:174–216 (1974).
C. von Holt and M. von Holt, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 24:73–81 (1968).
C. von Holt and M. von Holt, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 24:83–92 (1968).
C. von Holt, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 26:1071–1079 (1968).
W. Bergmann and D. Lester, J. Org. Chem. 6:120–122 (1941).
A.A. Benson and L. Muscatine, Limnol. Oceanogr. 19:810–814 (1974).
R.E. Johannes, S.L. Coles, and N.T. Kuenzel, Limnoi. Oceanogr. 15:579–586 (1970).
J.W. Porter, Proc. Second Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:111–125 (1974).
L. Franzisket, Die Naturwiss. 3:144 (1969).
L. Franzisket, Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. 55:1–12 (1970).
L. Muscatine, in: “Cellular Interactions in Symbiosis and Parasitism,” C.B. Cook, P.W. Pappas, and E.D. Rudolph, eds., Ohio State University Press, Columbus (1980).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Muscatine, L. (1980). Productivity of Zooxanthellae. In: Falkowski, P.G. (eds) Primary Productivity in the Sea. Environmental Science Research, vol 19. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3890-1_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3890-1_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-3892-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-3890-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive