Abstract
Porosity, impurities, large grains, machining, and handling- induced flaws are recognized defects limiting ceramic strengths. This paper summarizes studies of the defect origins of room temperature fracture, and vividly illustrates that these origins are often (1) the actual sources of fracture and (2) the extremes of such defects that occur. Observations or plausible suggestions on the causes of such defects are given. Details of fractographic procedures are found elsewhere,1 as are other examples of fracture origins from processing defects.2-8 It should be noted that strengths in the absence of gross processing defects, i. e., strengths of the matrix of the laboratory test bars for the bodies considered in this paper containing only normal machining flaws are as follows: hot pressed A12O3 520–820 MPa (75–125 ksi), commercial lead zirconate titanate (PST) 140 MPa (20 ksi), and hot pressed Si3N4, 700–820 MPa (100–125 ksi). These are approximate guides for judging the impact of the grosser defects on strength.
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Rice, R.W. (1978). Processing Induced Sources of Mechanical Failure in Ceramics. In: Palmour, H., Davis, R.F., Hare, T.M. (eds) Processing of Crystalline Ceramics. Materials Science Research, vol 11. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3378-4_26
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3378-4_26
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