Abstract
The majority of the reports concerning tolerance to the effects of cannabis, describe a rather rapidly developing tolerance. Already Loewe (1950) mentioned a weakening of the Cannabis ataxia after a few administrations. Later on, tolerance was found by Carlini (1968) and Silva c.s.(1968), using cannabis extract, and by McMillan (1970 a,b), Moreton (1970) and Ten Ham (1972), using tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Brodle, B.B., Axelrod, J.: The fate of aminopyrine in man and methods for the estimation of aminopyrine and its metabolites in biological materials. J.Pharmacol.Exptl.Therap. 99, 171 (1950).
Burstein, S.H., Kupfer, D.: Hydroxylation of trans-Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol by a hepatic microsomal monooxygénase. Chem.-Biol. Interactions 3, 316 (1971).
Carlini, E.A.: Tolerance to chronic administration of Cannabis sativa (marihuana) in rats. Pharmacology 1, 135–142 (1968).
Chari-Briton, A., Brino, T.: Effect of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol on ATP-ase activity of rat liver mitochondria. Biochem.Pharmacol. 20, 473–475 (1971).
Cohen, G.M., Peterson, D.W., Mannering, G.J.: Interactions of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol with the hepatic, microsomal drug metabolizing system. Life Sci. 10, 1207–1215 (1971).
Gariott, J.C., King, J.L., Forney, L.B., Hughes, F.W.: Effects of some tetrahydrocannabinols on hexobarbital sleeping time and amphetamine induced hyperactivity in mice. Life Sci. 6, 2119–2128 (1967).
Ham, M.ten: Dierexperimenteel onderzoek van twee bestanddelen van Cannabis Sativa L.:Δ8-en Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Thesis, Utrecht, pag. 55-59 (1972).
Kew, M.C., Behrson, J., Lieuw, S.: Possible hepatotoxicity of Cannabis. Lancet I, 578–579 (1969).
Lemberger, L., Axelrod, J., Kopin, I.J.: Metabolism and deposition of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in man. Pharmacol.Rev. 23, 371–380 (1971).
Lipparini, F., Scotti di Carolis, A., Longo, V.G.: A neuropharmacial investigation of some trans-tetrahydrocannabinol derivates. Physiol. Behav. 4, 527–532 (1969).
Loewe, S.: Cannabis-Wirkstoffe und Pharmakologie der Cannabinole. Arch.Exptl.Path.Pharmakol. 211, 175–193 (1950).
McMillan, D.E., Harris, L.S., Frankenheim, J.M., Kennedy, J.S.: l-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in pigeons: tolerance to behavioural effects. Science 169, 501–503 (1970a).
McMillan, D.E., Harris, L.S., Turk, R.F., Kennedy, J.S.: Development of marked behavioural tolerance to 1Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cross tolerance to Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) in the pigeon. Pharmacologist 12, 322 (1970b).
Moreton, J.E., Davis, W.M.: Effects of Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol on locomotor activity and on phases of sleep. Pharmacologist 12, 258 (1970).
Nakazawa, K., Costa, E.: Metabolism of Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol by lung and liver homogenates of rats treated with methylcholanthrene. Nature 234, 48–49 (1971).
Nilsson, I.M., Agurell, S., Nilsson, J.L.G., Ohlson, A., Sandberg, F., Wahlquist, M.: Δ1-te trahydrocannabinol: structure of a major metabolite. Science 168, 1228–1229 (1970).
Phillips, R.N., Brown, D.J., Marty, R., Hubbard, J.D., Forney, R.B.: Subacute toxicity of aqueous-suspended Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 22, 45–49 (1972).
Silva, M.T.A., Carlini, E.A., Claussen, U., Körte, F.: Lack of cross tolerance in rats among (−)Δ9trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), Cannabis extract, mescaline and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25). Psychopharmacologia 13, 332–340 (1968).
Tonkelaar, E.M.den, Klap-van Dijk, A., Wit, S.L.: Determination of rat liver hexobarbital oxidase activity with a gaschromatographic method. Biochem.Pharmacol. 18, 262–265 (1969).
Tonkelaar, E.M.den, Kroes, R.: Onderzoek naar de subacute toxiciteit van tetrachloorkoolstof en dimethylnotrosamine met behulp van leverfunctieproeven. Berichten uit het Rijks Instituut voor de Volksgezondheid 33, 231–235 (1971).
Wall, M.E., Brine, D.R., Brine, G.A., Pitt, G.G., Freudenthal, R.I., Christensen, H.D.: Isolation, structure and biological activity of several metabolites of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. J.Am. Soc. 92, 3466–3468 (1970).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1973 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
ten Ham, M., den Tonkelaar, E.M., Koomen, J.M. (1973). Influence of Two Tetrahydrocannabinols (THC’s) on the Activity of Biotransformation Enzymes. In: Gross, M.M. (eds) Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal I. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 35. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3234-3_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3234-3_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-3236-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-3234-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive