Abstract
The complexity of the central nervous system makes investigation and elucidation of the factors involved in the establishment, regulation, and integration of neuronal function a formidable task. However, on the molecular level a variety of evidence indicates that the nucleotides cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP are involved in regulatory roles associated with neuronal function. Cyclic AMP regulates prime functions in many other tissues: gluconogenesis in liver, lipolysis in fat, secretion in endocrine glands. Definitive roles for cyclic GMP have as yet not been established (cf. Goldberg et al.,1973). These cyclic nucleotides are formed from intracellular ATP and GTP, respectively, by the action of cyclase enzymes. The cyclic nucleotides are degraded by phosphodiesterases to their respective 5′-phosphates. The diverse biological effects of cyclic nucleotides appear to be manifested through activation of protein kinases which specifically phosphorylate enzymes and other functional proteins and thus alter their properties. The specificity and nature of the effects of cyclic nucleotides presumably depend, therefore, not only on the intracellular site of generation of the cyclic nucleotide but also on the substrate specificity of the activated kinases and the accessibility of endogenous protein substrates. Termination of the physiological effects initiated by the cyclic nucleotides presumably occurs via the action of phosphoprotein phosphatases which hydrolyze the phosphorylated proteins. In certain instances, levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP appear to be interrelated; increases in one nucleotide are accompanied by decreases in the other, suggesting a functional interrelationship.
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Daly, J. (1975). Role of Cyclic Nucleotides in the Nervous System. In: Iversen, L.L., Iversen, S.D., Snyder, S.H. (eds) Synaptic Modulators. Handbook of Psychopharmacology, vol 5. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3177-3_2
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