Abstract
The temporal-lobe-like seizures produced by local anesthetics (deJong and Walts, 1966) have at least two possibly important contributions to human pathological conditions: 1) they may help explain the mechanisms underlying temporal lobe epilepsy and/or psychosis occasionally associated with this condition; 2) they may help elucidate the intervening links between the association of the overactivity of the limbic spindle and limbic discharges, with hyperarousal and hyperactive behaviors noted in animal models of chronic stimulant psychosis (see Ellinwood, 1974a for review). Chronic high-dose amphetamine (25–35 mg/kg) administration, or self-administration, in the cat results in bizarre hyperreactive behavior and associated high voltage limbic spindles that may precede tonic-clonic seizures. Furthermore, in chronic high dose amphetamine-intoxicated animals, specific hyperreactive behaviors (at times the animal appears to be reacting to non-existent stimuli) are often immediately preceded by a high voltage spindle and/or discharge in the amygdala, accumbens, and olfactory tubercle (Ellinwood, 1974a; Ellinwood, Sudilovsky, and Nelson, 1974). Much lower doses of amphetamine (10 mg/kg) when administered concomitantly with disulfiram (a dopamine beta hydroxylase inhibitor blocking norepinephrine [NE] synthesis) for only two to three days produces bizarre hyperreactive behavior with hyperspindling leading to tonicclonic seizures (Ellinwood, Sudilovsky, and Grabowy, 1973).
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Ellinwood, E.H., Kilbey, M.M., Castellani, S., Khoury, C. (1977). Amygdala Hyperspindling and Seizures Induced by Cocaine. In: Ellinwood, E.H., Kilbey, M.M. (eds) Cocaine and Other Stimulants. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 21. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3087-5_16
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