Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Systems of Lymphocytes in Mouse and Man: An Interim Appraisal

  • Chapter
Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology

Abstract

Advances in immunology are taking place with an increasing tempo and on a broadening front. Progress has been particularly marked in the field of cellular immunology, where much effort is being directed toward identifying the origins of cells which take part in immune responses. The different contributions made by immunologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, biochemists, and pathologists are disclosing a situation of considerable complexity, and the occasional reviewer cannot hope to produce more than an interim account. In the present review, we shall concentrate mainly on current theories that deal with the origin, structure, and functional organization of the mammalian system of lymphocytes. Although the emphasis will be on the experimental animal rather than man, we are very conscious of the need to establish the wider relevance of results obtained from such experimental systems. We believe that these results are not (in W. H. Auden’s phrase) “abstract models of events, derived from dead experiments,” and we shall consider some of their clinical implications in the last section of this review.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ada, G. L., Parrish, C. R., Nossal, G. J. V., and Abbot, A., 1967. The tissue localization, immunogenic, and tolerance-inducing properties of antigens and antigen-fragments. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. BioL (Antibodies). 32: 381.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aisenberg, A. C., 1965. Studies of lymphocyte transfer reactions in Hodgkin’s disease. J. Clin. Invest. 44: 555.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aisenberg, A. C., 1966. Immunologic status of Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer (New York), 19: 385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Askonas, B. A., Williamson, A. R., and Wright, B. E. G., 1970. Selection of a single antibody-forming cell clone and its propagation in syngeneic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 67: 1398.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • August, C. S., Rosen, F. S., Filler, R. M., Janeway, C. A., Markowski, B., and Kay, H. E. M., 1968. Implantation of a foetal thymus, restoring immunological competence in a patient with thymic aplasia (DiGeorge’s syndrome). Lancet ii: 1210.

    Google Scholar 

  • August, C. S., Berkel, A. I., Levey, R. H., Rosen, F. S., and Kay, H. E. M., 1970. Establishment of immunological competence in a child with congenital thymic aplasia by a graft of fetal thymus. Lancet i: 1080.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bach, J.-F., Muller, J.-Y., and Dardenne, M., 1970. In vivo specific antigen recognition by rosette forming cells. Nature (London) 227: 1251.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baroni, C. D., Fabris, N., and Bertoli, G., 1969. Effects of hormones on development and function of lymphoid tissues. Synergistic action of thyroxin and somatotropic hormone in pituitary dwarf mice. Immunology 17: 303.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, H., 1968. Defence mechanisms in germ-free animals. Part II. Cellular defence mechanisms. In Coates, M. E., ed., The Germ-Free Animal in Research, Academic Press, New York, p. 210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borum, K., 1968. Pattern of cell production and cell migration in mouse thymus studied by autoradiography. Scand. J. Haematol. 5: 339.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyse, E. A., Lance, E. M., Carswell, E. A., Cooper, S., and Old, L. J., 1970. Rejection of skin allografts by radiation chimaeras: Selective gene action in the specification of cell surface structure. Nature (London) 227: 901.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brahim, F., and Osmond, D. G., 1970. Migration of bone-marrow lymphocytes demonstrated by selective bone marrow labelling with thymidine-H3. Anat. Rec. 168: 139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bullough, W. S., and Lawrence, E. B., 1970. The lymphocytic chalone and its antimitotic action on a mouse lymphoma in vitro. Europ. J. Cancer 6: 525.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burnet, M., 1970. Immunological Surveillance, Pergamon Press, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claman, H. N., Chaperon, E. A., and Triplett, R. F., 1966. Immunocompetence of transferred thymus-marrow cell combinations. J. Immunol. 97: 828.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cleveland, W. W., Fogel, B. J., Brown, W. T., and Kay, H. E. M., 1968. Foetal thymic transplant in a case of DiGeorge syndrome. Lancet ii: 1211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cone, L., and Uhr, J. W., 1964. Immunological deficiency disorders associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma. J. Clin. Invest. 43: 2241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cottier, H., Hess, M. W., and Stoner, R. D., 1967. Summary and closing remarks. In Cottier, H., Odartchenko, N., Schindler, R., and Congdon, C. C., eds., Germinal Centers in Immune Responses, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, p. 460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dameshek, W., 1967. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia-an accumulative disease of immunologically incompetent lymphocytes. Blood 29: 566.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, A. J. S., 1969. The thymus humoral factor under scrutiny. Agents and Actions 1: 1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, A. J. S., Leuchars, E., Wallis, V., and Koller, P. C., 1966. The mitotic response of thymus-derived cells to antigenic stimulus. Transplantation 4: 438.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, A. J. S., Leuchars, E., Wallis, V., Marchant, R., and Elliott, E. V., 1967. The failure of thymus-derived cells to produce antibody. Transplantation 5: 222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, A. J. S., Carter, R. L., Leuchars, E., and Wallis, V., 1969a. The morphology of immune reactions in normal, thymectomized and reconstituted mice. II. The response to oxazolone. Immunology 17: 111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, A. J. S., Carter, R. L., Leuchars, E., Wallis, V., and Koller, P. C., 1969b. The morphology of immune reactions in normal, thymectomized and reconstituted mice. I. The response to sheep erythrocytes. Immunology 16: 57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, A. J. S., Leuchars, E., Wallis, V., and Doenhoff, M. J., 1971. A system for lymphocytes in the mouse. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 176: 369.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doenhoff, M. J., and Davies, A. J. S., 1971. Reconstitution of the “T” cell pool following irradiation of mice. Cell. Immunol 2: 82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ernström, U., and Sandberg, G., 1970. Quantitative relationship between release and intrathymic death of lymphocytes. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand., Sect. A., 78: 362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairley, G. H., and Scott, R. B., 1961. Hypogammaglobulinaemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Brit. Med. J. 2: 920.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Florey, H., 1970. General Pathology, 4th ed., Lloyd-Luke (Medical Books) Ltd., London. Ford, C. E., and Micklem, H. S., 1963. The thymus and lymph-nodes in radiation chimaeras. Lancet 1:359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, C. E., Hamerton, J. L., Barnes, D. W. H., and Loutit, J. F., 1956. Cytological identification of radiation-chimaeras. Nature (London), 177: 452.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ford, W. L., 1969. The immunological and migratory properties of the lymphocytes recirculating through the rat spleen. Brit. J. Exptl. Pathol. 50: 257.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabrielson, A. E., Cooper, M. D., Peterson, R. D. A., and Good, R. A., 1969. The primary immunologic deficiency diseases. In Miescher, P. A., and Müller-Eberhard, H. J., eds., Textbook of Immunopathology, Vol. II, Grune and Stratton, New York, p. 385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gengozian, N., Urso, I. S., Congdon, C. C., Conger, A. D., and Makinodan, T., 1957. Thymus specificity in lethally irradiated mice treated with rat bone marrow. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 96: 714.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gesner, B. M., Woodruff, J. J., and McCluskey, R. T., 1969. An autoradiographic study of the effects of neuraminidase or trypsin on transfused lymphocytes. Am. J. Pathol 57: 215.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glick, B., Chang, T. S., and Jaap, R. G., 1956. The bursa of Fabricius and antibody production in the domestic fowl. Poultry Sci. 35: 224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Globerson, A., and Auerbach, R., 1966. Primary antibody response in organ cultures. J. Exptl. Med. 124: 1001.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Good, R. A., Kelly, W. D., Rötstein, J., and Varco, R. L., 1962. Immunological deficiency diseases. Agammaglobulinemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, Hodgkin’s disease, and sarcoidosis. Progr. Allergy, 6: 187.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gowans, J. L., 1959. The recirculation of lymphocytes from blood to lymph in the rat. J. PhysioL (London), 146: 54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. G., and Morris, B., 1964. Effect of X-irradiation of the popliteal lymph-node on its output of lymphocytes and immunological responsiveness. Lancet 1: 1077.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. G., and Morris, B., 1965. The origin of the cells in the efferent lymph from a single lymph node. J. Exptl. Med. 121: 901.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna, M. G., Jr., Szakal, R. K., and Walburg, H. E., Jr., 1969. The relation of antigen and virus localization in the development and growth of germinal centers. In Fiore-Donati, L., and Hanna, M. G., eds., Lymphatic Tissue and Germinal Centers in Immune Response, Plenum Press, New York, p. 149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hannig, K., and Zeiller, K., 1969. Zur Auftrennung und Characterizierung immunkompetente Zellung mit Hilfe des Trägerfreien Ablenkungselectrophorese. Z. Phys. Chem. 350: 467.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, J. E., and Sinkovics, J. G., 1970. The Immunology of Malignant Disease, Henry Kingston, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, T. N., Harris, S., and Farber, M. B., 1954. Transfer to X-irradiated rabbits of lymph node cells incubated in vitro with Shigella paradysenteriae. Proc. Soc. ExptL BioL Med. 86: 549.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hellström, I., Sjögren, H. O., Warner, G., and Hellström, K. E., 1971. Blocking of cell-mediated tumor immunity by sera from patients with growing neoplasms. Internat. J. Cancer 7: 226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hewson, W., 1777. In Falconer, M., ed., Experimental Inquiries into the Properties of the Blood, T. Cadell, London, p. 85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinrichsen, K., 1965. Zellteilungen und Zellwanderungen im Thymus der erwachsenen Maus. Z. Zellforsch. 68: 427.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, R. L., Wissler, R. W., and Fitch, F. W., 1969. Studies on the kinetics and radiation sensitivity of dendritic macrophages. In Fiore-Donati, L., and Hanna,“ M. G., eds., Lymphatic Tissue and Germinal Centers in Immune Response, Plenum Press, New York, p. 101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, S. M., Garrett, J. V., and Craig, A. W., 1970. Lymphocyte transformation changes during the clinical course of Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer (New York), 25: 843.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeejeebhoy, H. F., 1965. Immunological studies in the rat thymectomized in adult life. Immunology 9: 417.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jerne, N. K., and Nordin, A. A., 1963. Plaque formation in agar by single antibodyproducing cells. Science 140: 405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, H. S., and Smithers, D. W., 1959. Autoimmunity in man and homologous disease in mice in relation to the malignant lymphomas. Lancet ii: 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kay, H. E. M., 1971. Lymphocyte function. Brit. J. HaematoL 20: 139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A. R., Kaplan, H. S., Lukes, R. J., and Rappaport, H., 1968. Correlation of histopathology with other prognostic indicators in Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer (New York), 22: 487.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Köbberling, G., 1965. Autoradiographische Untersuchungen über Zellursprung und Zellwanderung in lymphatischen Organen fetaler und neugeborener Mäuse. Z. Zell-forsch. 68: 631.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koller, P. C., Davies, A. J. S., Leuchars, E., and Wallis, V., 1966. Mitotic activity of two chromosomally marked populations of cells in an immune response. In Germinal Centers in Immune Responses, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, p. 157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lance, E. M., Cooper, S., and Boyse, E. A., 1971. Antigenic change and cell maturation in murine thymocytes. Cell. Immunol. 1: 536.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leuchars, E., Morgan, A., Davies, A. J. S., and Wallis, V. J., 1967. Thymus grafts in thymectomized and normal mice. Nature (London), 214: 801.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lischner, H. W., and DiGeorge, A. M., 1969. Role of the thymus in humoral immunity. Lancet ii: 1044.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukes, R. J., and Butler, J. J., 1966. The pathology and nomenclature of Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer Res. 26: 1063.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marchesi, V. T., and Gowans, J. L., 1964. The migration of lymphocytes through the endothelium of venules in lymph nodes in an electron microscope study. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 159: 283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, W. C., Cope, W. A., Soothill, J. F., and Dudgeon, J. A., 1971. In vitro lymphocyte response in some immunity deficiency diseases and in intrauterine virus infections. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 63: 351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metcalf, D., 1965. Multiple thymus grafts in aged mice. Nature (London), 208: 87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalf, D., 1966. Recent results in cancer research. In The Thymus: Its Role in Immune Responses, Leukemia Development and Carcinogenesis, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. G., 1967. Immunological deficiency and malignant lymphoma. Cancer (New York), 20: 579.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. G., 1968. The immunologic capability of patients with lymphoma. Cancer Res. 28: 1441.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. G., Lizardo, J. G., and Synderman, R. K., 1961. Homologous and heterologous skin transplantation in patients with lymphomatous disease. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 26: 569.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. F. A. P., 1965. Effect of thymectomy in adult mice on immunological responsiveness. Nature (London), 208: 1337.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. F. A. P., and Brunner, K. T., 1970. Thymus-derived cells as killer cells in cell-mediated immunity. Third Internat. Congr. Transplantation Soc., The Hague, September 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. F. A. P., and Davies, A. J. S., 1964. Embryological development of the immune mechanism. Ann. Rev. Med. 15: 23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishell, R. I., and Dutton, R. W., 1967. Immunization of dissociated spleen cell cultures from normal mice. J. Exptl. Med. 126: 423.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, G. F., and Miller, J. F. A. P., 1968. Immunological activity of thymus and thoracic-duct lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 59: 296.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, M. A. S., and Owen, J. J. T., 1967. Stem-cell migration in developing myeloid and lymphoid systems. Lancet ii: 658.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, B., 1968. Migration intratissulaire des lymphocytes du mouton. Nouv. Rev. Française Hématol. 8: 525.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müftüoglu, A. U., and Balkuv, S., 1967. Passive transfer of tuberculin sensitivity to patients with Hodgkin’s disease. New Engl. J. Med. 277: 126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nossal, G. J. V., and Gorrie, J., 1964. Studies of the emigration of thymic cells in young guinea pigs. In Good, R. A., and Gabrielson, A. E., eds., The Thymus in Immunobiology, Harper and Row, New York, p. 288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowell, P. C., 1960. Phytohaemagglutinin: An initiator of mitosis in cultures of normal human leucocytes. Cancer Res. 20: 462.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, J. J. T., and Raff, M. C., 1970. Studies on the differentiation of thymus-derived lymphocytes. J. Exptl. Med. 132: 1216.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, J. J. T., and Ritter, M. A., 1969. Tissue interaction in the development of thymus lymphocytes. J. Exptl. Med. 129: 431.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozer, H., and Waksman, B. H., 1970. Appendix and 1M antibody formation. IV. Synergism of appendix and bone marrow cells in early antibody response to sheep erythrocytes. J. Immunol. 105: 791.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parrott, D. M. V., de Sousa, M. A. B., and East, J., 1966. Thymus-dependent areas in the lymphoid organs of neonatally thymectomized mice. J. Exptl. Med. 123: 191.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, R. D. H., Cooper, M. D., and Good, R. A., 1965. The pathogenesis of immunologic deficiency diseases. Am. J. Med. 38: 579.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierpaoli, W., and Sorkin, E., 1968. Hormones and immunologic capacity. I. Effect of heterologous anti-growth hormone (ASTH) antiserum on thymus and peripheral lymphatic tissue in mice. Induction of a wasting syndrome. J. Immunol. 101: 1036.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raff, M. C., 1969. Theta isoantigen as a marker of thymus-derived lymphocytes in mice. Nature (London), 224: 378.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raff, M. C., 1971. Evidence for a subpopulation of mature lymphocytes within mouse thymus. Nature (London), 229: 182.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raff, M. C., and Wortis, H. H., 1970. Thymus dependent e bearing cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues of mice. Immunology 18: 931.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raff, M. C., Nase, S., and Mitchison, N. A., 1971. Mouse specific bone marrow-derived lymphocyte antigen as a marker for thymus-independent lymphocytes. Nature (London), 230: 50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raidt, D. J., Mishell, R. I., and Dutton, R. W., 1968. Cellular events in the immune response. Analysis and in vitro response of mouse spleen cell populations separated by differential flotation in albumin gradients. J. Exptl. Med. 128: 681.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reif, A. E., and Allen, J. M. V., 1964. The AKR thymic antigen and its distribution in leukemias and nervous tissues. J. Exptl. Med. 120: 413.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roitt, I. M., Greaves, M. F., Torrigiani, G., Brostoff, J., and Playfair, J. H. L., 1969. The cellular basis of immunological responses. A synthesis of some current views. Lancet 2: 367.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slonecker, C. E., Sordat, E., and Hess, M. W., 1969. Lymphatic drainage of thymic lymphocytes in mice. In Fiore-Donati, L., and Hanna, M. G., eds., Lymphatic Tissue and Germinal Centers in Immune Response, Plenum Press, New York, p. 125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smithers, D. W., 1967. Hodgkin’s disease. Brit. Med. J. 2:263 and 337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soothill, J. F., 1968. Immune deficiency states. In Gell, P. G. H., and Coombs, R. R. A., eds., Clinical Aspects of Immunology, 2nd ed., Blackwell, Oxford, p. 540.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryckmans, P. A., Chanana, A. D., Cronkite, E. P., Greenberg, M. L., and Schiffer, L. M., 1968. Studies on lymphocytes. IX. The survival of autotransfused labelled lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Europ. J. Cancer 4: 241.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R. B., 1965. Decay of immunological responsiveness after thymectomy in adult life. Nature (London), 208: 1334.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trainin, N., and Small, M., 1970. Studies on some physicochemical properties of a thymus humoral factor conferring immunocompetence on lymphoid cells. J. Exptl. Med. 132: 885.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Bekkum, D. W., and Vos, O., 1957. Immunological aspects of homo-and heterologous bone marrow transplantation in irradiated animals. J. Cell Comp. PhysioL 50: Suppl. 1, 139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vincent, P. C., and Gunz, F. W., 1970. Control of lymphocyte level in the blood. Lancet ii: 342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warner, N. L., and Szenberg, A., 1964. Immunologic studies on hormonally bursectomized and surgically thymectomized chickens: Dissociation of immunologic responsiveness. In Good, R. A., and Gabrielson, A. E., eds., The Thymus in Immunobiology, Harper and Row, New York, p. 395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wigzell, H., and Andersson, B., 1969. Cell separation on antigen-coated columns. Eliminations of high rate antibody-forming cells and immunological memory cells. J. Exptl. Med. 129: 23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wostmann, B. S., Pleasants, J. R., Bealmear, P., and Kincade, P. W., 1970. Serum proteins and lymphoid tissues in germ-free mice fed a chemically defined, water soluble, low molecular weight diet. Immunology 19: 443.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yata, J., Klein, G., Kobayashi, N., Furukawa, T., and Yanagisawa, M., 1970. Human thymus-lymphoid tissue antigen and its presence in leukemia and lymphoma. Clin. Exptl. Immunol. 7: 781.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoffey, J. M., and Olson, I. A., 1966. Oligosynthetic and polysynthetic lymph nodes. In Yoffey, J. M., ed., The Lymphocyte in Immunology and Haemopoiesis, Edward Arnold Ltd., London, p. 358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaalberg, O. B., 1964. A simple method for detecting single antibody-forming cells. Nature (London), 202: 1231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chester Beatty Research Institute, Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital, London, England

    A. J. S. Davies & R. L. Carter

Authors
  1. A. J. S. Davies
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. L. Carter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

    M. G. Hanna Jr.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1972 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Davies, A.J.S., Carter, R.L. (1972). Systems of Lymphocytes in Mouse and Man: An Interim Appraisal. In: Hanna, M.G. (eds) Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3042-4_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3042-4_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-3044-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-3042-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation