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Ultrastructure of Smooth Muscle

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Book cover Smooth Muscle

Abstract

Identification of the anatomical sources of the increased intracellular free calcium that activates contraction in smooth muscle has been a major objective of cell pharmacology. The extracellular fluid, the space between the basement membrane and the plasma membrane, the plasma membrane itself, and intracellular organelles each has been considered as a possible source and sink of calcium during, respectively, excitation and inhibition (for reviews see Bohr, 1964; Daniel, 1965; Goodford, 1965; A. P. Somlyo and Somlyo, 1968; 1970; Hurwitz and Suria, 1971; Johansson, 1971). In the striated (twitch skeletal) muscles the sarcosplasmic reticulum is the intracellular “site” that accumulates calcium during relaxation and from which the calcium that activates contraction is released by the action potential (for reviews see Bianchi, 1968; A. F. Huxley, 1971). Recent studies have shown that some smooth muscles can be stimulated to contract even if the extracellular calcium concentration is reduced below the levels that can activate contraction (Bozler, 1969; A. P. Somlyo and Somlyo, 1970; A. P. Somlyo et al., 1971b; Devine, Somlyo, and Somlyo, 1972; Keatinge, 1972), indicating the existence of an intracellular source of activator calcium. Recent electron microscopic studies have therefore been directed toward determining whether there is in smooth muscles a sarcoplasmic reticulum that may serve as an intracellular calcium storage site.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Presbyterian University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    A. P. Somlyo & Avril V. Somlyo

  2. Departments of Physiology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA

    A. P. Somlyo & Avril V. Somlyo

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  1. A. P. Somlyo
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  1. Department of Pharmacology, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

    Edwin E. Daniel  & David M. Paton  & 

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Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A.V. (1975). Ultrastructure of Smooth Muscle. In: Daniel, E.E., Paton, D.M. (eds) Smooth Muscle. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2751-6_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2751-6_1

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