Abstract
In 1967 the General Conference on Weights and Measures adopted the cesium resonance frequency for the definition of the second. Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) has used a close approximation to the atomic second since 1972 (1). Time scales which refer to the rotation of the earth such as UTC are generated by inserting or leaving out seconds (leap seconds) at certain specified dates during the year, as necessary. This process is coordinated worldwide by the Bureau International de l’Heure (BIH). UTC is the de-facto basis for civil or legal time in most countries of the world (2). In addition to cesium beam standards, the atomic hydrogen maser has found use as primary frequency reference and clock.
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Hellwig, H., Allan, D.W., Walls, F.L. (1976). Time and Frequency. In: Sanders, J.H., Wapstra, A.H. (eds) Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants 5. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2682-3_45
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2682-3_45
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