Abstract
Bacteria are surrounded by a rigid cell wall which is responsible for the shape and osmotic stability of the cell. When bacterial cells are examined in thin section under the electron microscope it can be seen that the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria consist of a single layer, in which little fine structure can be distinguished, lying outside the cytoplasmic membrane. Cell walls of gram-negative bacteria, on the other hand, appear more complex. At least three layers can be distinguished: (1) an outer membrane layer, (2) a middle structureless layer, and (3) an inner membrane layer corresponding to the cytoplasmic membrane.
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Hussey, H., Baddiley, J. (1976). Biosynthesis of Bacterial Cell Walls. In: Martonosi, A. (eds) The Enzymes of Bioligical Membranes. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2655-7_7
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