Abstract
The urinary excretion of free dopamine in 37 untreated parkinsonian patients correlated negatively with the severity of rigidity and akinesia (p<0.025) and with total neurologic deficit (p<0.05). In a parallel study of psychiatric patients, those with the lowest levels of urinary free dopamine before treatment were the most vul nerable to, and developed the most severe, secondary parkinsonian rigidity (p<0.005), akinesia (p<0.05), and total deficit (p<0.01) when they were subsequently treated for two weeks with trifluoperazine. In neither study was there a significant correlation between free urinary dopamine and tremor.
These studies directly associate the level of free dopamine in the urine with the severity of the parkinsonian syndrome. Therefore, although many peripheral sources contribute to urinary free dopamine, a small decrease in the level may actually reflect the severity of the disturbance of central dopamine metabolism and the known deficiency of dopamine in the neurons of the parkinsonian brain.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abramsky, O., Carmon, A. and Lavy, S. (1971). Combined treatment with propranolol and levodopa. J. NeuroZ. Sci. 14 ,491–494.
Barbeau, A. (1969a). Parkinson’s disease as a systemic disorder. In Third Symposium on Parkinson’s Disease (Gillingham, F.J. and Donaldson, I.M.L., Eds.) pp. 66–73. E.S. Livingstone Ltd., Edinburgh and London.
Barbeau, A. (1969b). L-dopa therapy in Parkinson’s disease: A crit ical review of nine years’ experience. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 101 ,791–800.
Barbeau, A., Murphy, G.F. and Sourkes, T.L. (1961a). Excretion of dopamine in diseases of the basal ganglia. Science (Wash.) 133 ,1706–1707.
Barbeau, A., Sourkes, T.L. and Murphy, G.F. (1961b). Les catecholamines dans la maladie de Parkinson. In Monoamines et Systeme Neryeux CentraZ (de Ajuriaguerra, J., Ed.) pp. 247–262. Georg + Cie S.A., Geneva.
Bernheimer, H. Birkmayer, O., Hornykiewicz, O., Jellinger, K. and Seitelberger, F. (1973). Brain dopamine and the syndromes of parkinsonism and Huntington’s chorea. Clinical, morphological and neurochemical correlations. J. NeuroZ. Sci. 20 ,415–455.
Birkmayer, W. and Hornykiewicz, O. (1961). Der L-3,4-Dioxyphenylalanin (= Dopa) - Effekt bei der Parkinson - Akinese. Weiner Klin. Wochenschr. 73 ,787–788.
Bischoff, F. and Torres, A. (1962). Determination of urine dopamine. Clin. Chem. 8 ,370–377.
Bozzi, R., Bruno, A. and Allegranza, A. (1965). Urinary metabolites of some monoamines and clinical effects under reserpine and chlorpromazine. Brit. J. Psychiat. 111 ,176–182.
Bruno, A. and Allegranza, A. (1965), The effect of haloperidol on the urinary excretion of dopamine, homovanillic and vanilmandelic acids in schizophrenics. Psychopharmacologia (Bert.) 8 ,60–66.
Carlsson, A. (1959) . The occurrence, distribution, and physiological role of catecholamines in the nervous system. Pharm. Rev. 11 ,490–493.
Chase, T.N., Ng, L.K.Y. and Watanabe, A.M. (1972). Parkinson’s disease: Modification by 5-hydroxytryptophan. Neurology (Minneap.) 22 ,479–484.
Cotzias, G.C., Papavasiliou, P.S. and Gellene, R. (1969). Modifica tion of parkinsonism - Chronic treatment with L-dopa. New Eng. J. Med. 280 ,337–345.
Crane, G.E. (1974). Factors predisposing to drug-induced neurologic effects. In The Phenothiazines and Structurally Related Drugs (Forrest, I.S., Carr, C.J. and Usdin, E., Eds.) pp. 269–279. Raven Press, New York.
Crowley, T.J., Rutledge, C.O., Hoehn, M.M., Stallings, M.A. and Sundell, S. (1976). Low urinary dopamine and prediction of phenothiazine-induced parkinsonism: A preliminary report. Am. J. Psychiat. 133 ,703–706.
Ehringer, H. and Hornykiewicz, O. (1960). Verteilung von Noradrenalin und Dopamin (3-Hydroxytyramin) im Gehirn des Menschen und ihr Verhalten bei Erkrankungen des extrapyramidalen Systems. Klin. Wochenschr. 38 ,1236–1239.
Godwin-Austen, R.B., Tomlinson, E.B., Frears, C.C. and Kok, H.W.L. (1969). Effects of L-dopa in Parkinson’s disease. Lancet ii ,165–168.
Hoehn, M.M., Crowley, T.J. and Rutledge, C.O. (1976). Dopamine correlates of neurologic and psychiatric status in untreated parkinsonism. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych. 39 ,941–951.
Hoeldtke, R., Rogawski, M. and Wurtman, R.J. (1974). Effect of selective destruction of central and peripheral catecholaminecontaining neurones with 6-hydroxydopamine on catecholamine excretion in the rat. Br. J. Pharm. 50 ,265–270.
Hornykiewicz, 0. (1971). Histochemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology of brain catecholamines in extrapyramidal syndromes in man. In Monoamines Noyaux Gris Centraux et Syndrome de Parkinson (de Ajuriaguerra, J. and Gauthier, G., Eds.) pp. 143–157. Georg -I- Cie S.A., Geneva.
Hornykiewicz, O. (1974). Metabolism of dopamine and L-dopa in human brain. Biochem. Pharmacol. 23 (Suppl.) ,917–923.
Klett, C.J. and Caffey, E. (1972). Evaluating the long-term need for antiparkinson drugs by schizophrenic patients. Arch. Gen. Psy chiat. 26 ,374–379.
Kott, E., Bornstein, B. and Eichhorn, F. (1971). Excretion of dopa metabolites. New Eng. J. Med. 284 ,395.
Lloyd, K.G., Davidson, L. and Hornykiewicz, O. (1973). Metabolism of levodopa in the human brain. In Advances in Neurology. (Calne, D.B., Ed.) 3 ,pp. 173–188. Raven Press, New York.
Owen, D.A.L. and Marsden, C.D. (1965). Effect of adrenergic ß block ade on parkinsonian tremor. Lancet ii ,1259–1262.
Post, R.M., Kotin, J., Goodwin, F.K. and Gordon, E.K. (1973). Psychomotor activity and cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites in affective illness. Amer. J. Psychiat. 130 ,67–72.
Prien, R.F., Levin, J. and Cole, J.O. (1969). High dose trifluoperazine therapy in chronic schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiat. 126 ,305–313.
Rutledge, C.O. and Hoehn, M.M. (1973). Sulphate conjugation and L-dopa treatment of parkinsonian patients. Nature 244 ,447–450.
Stadlan, E.M., Duvoisin, R. and Yahr, M.D. (1965). The pathology of parkinsonism. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Neuropathology (Lüthy, F. and Bischoff, A., Eds.) pp. 569–571. International Congress Series No. 100, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam.
Strian, F., Micheler, E. and Benkert, O. (1972), Tremor inhibition in parkinson syndrome after apomorphine administration under L-dopa and decarboxylase inhibitor basic therapy. Pharmakopsych. Neuro-Psychopharmakol. 5 ,198–205.
Weil-Malherbe, H. and Van Buren, J.M. (1969). The excretion of dopamine and metabolites in Parkinson’s disease and the effect of diet thereon. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 74 ,305–318.
Yahr, M.D., Duvoisin, R.C., Hoehn, M.M., Schear, M.J. and Barrett, R.E. (1968). L-dopa - its clinical effects in parkinsonism. Trans. Amer. Neurol. Assoc. 93 ,56–63.
Yahr, M.D., Duvoisin, R.C., Schear, M.J., Barrett, R.E., and Hoehn, M.M. (1969). The treatment of parkinsonism with levodopa. Arch. Neurol. 21 ,343–354.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1977 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hoehn, M.M., Crowley, T.J., Rutledge, C.O. (1977). The Parkinsonian Syndrome and its Dopamine Correlates. In: Messiha, F.S., Kenny, A.D. (eds) Parkinson’s Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 90. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2511-6_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2511-6_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2513-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2511-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive