Abstract
Fibers are unique units(1) of biological tissues, mineral habits, and spinning processes. Examples are muscle and nerve fibers, wool, cotton, linen, natural silk, natural and regenerated cellulose, asbestos, fine wire, spun silicate glass, and man-made polymeric fibers. While they vary widely in chemical nature, fibers are physically alike in being very much longer than they are wide,(2) very strong for their small cross sections, and optically anisotropic. The kind and extent of optical anisot-ropy vary greatly among species of fibers according to the five classes defined in Section 5.2: single or spherulitic crystals, molecular birefringence, form birefringence, and photoelastic effect. Consequently the optical properties of fibers(3,4) are discussed separately from crystals.(5,6) Fibers do not display crystal faces, so there are fewer optical properties to be observed. Furthermore, variations in composition and treatment(7) produce variations in the optical values of a given species of fiber,(3) whereas constant values are the rule for a definite species of crystal.(5,6)
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© 1978 Plenum Press, New York
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Rochow, T.G., Rochow, E.G. (1978). The Microscopical Properties of Fibers. In: An Introduction to Microscopy by Means of Light, Electrons, X-Rays, or Ultrasound. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2454-6_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2454-6_6
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