Abstract
The goal of this presentation is to describe an approach to teaching a comprehensive view of pain control that was developed over the past four years. The course “The Perception and Control of Pain” was taught as a four week elective during preclinical training to a combined group of medical and dental students. It represented for most students the only opportunity for formal instruction in a broad view of pain that included a behavioral perspective and behavioral techniques of control. It was both didactic and experiential to the extent allowable.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
American Dental Association, Council on Dental Education. Guidelines for teaching the comprehensive control of pain and anxiety in dentistry. Journal of Dental Education, 1972, XXXVI, 62–67.
Bandura, A., Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969.
Beecher, H.K. Pain: one mystery solved. Science, 1966, 151, 840–841.
Beecher, H.K. The placebo effect as a non-specific force surrounding disease and the treatment of disease. In R. Janzen, et al (Eds.) Pain: basic principles, pharmacology, therapy. Stuttgart, Germany: Georg Thieme, 1972, 175–180.
Blitz, B. and Dinnerstein, A.J. Role of attentional focus in pain perception: manipulation of response to noxious stimulation by instructions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1971, 77, 42–45.
Budzynski, T. and Stoyva, J. Biofeedback techniques in behavior therapy. In D. Shapiro et al (Eds.) Biofeedback and self-control 1972. Chicago; Aldine, 1973, Chapter 23.
Cohen, F. and Lazarus, R.S. Active coping processes, coping dispositions, and recovery from surgery. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1973, 35, 375–389.
Craig, K.D. and Weiss, S.M., Vicarious influences on painthreshold determinations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1971, 19, 53–59.
Dalessio, D.J. Wolff’s headache and other head pain. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972, 3rd edition.
Egbert, L.D., Battit, G.E., Welch, C.E. and Bartlett, M.D. Reduction of postoperative pain by encouragement and instruction of patients. The New England Journal of Medicine, 1964, 270, 825–827.
Fordyce, W.E., Fowler, R.S., Lehman, J.F., DeLateur, B. Some implications of learning in problems of chronic pain. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 1968, 21, 179–190.
Geldard, F.A., The human senses. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1972.
Gordon, W.H. Why people go to quacks. Proceeding Third National Congress on Medical Quackery, Chicago, American Medical Association, 1966.
Hardy, J.D., Wolff, H.G., and Goodell, H., Pain sensations and reactions. New York: Hafner, 1952.
Hartland, J. Medical and dental hypnosis. London, England: Baillere, Tindall, and Cassell, 1971.
Hilgard, E.R., A neodissociation interpretation of pain reduction in hypnosis. Psychological Review, 1973, 80, 396–411.
Jacobson, E. Progressive relaxation. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 1938.
Janis, I.L. Psychological stress. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1958.
Johnson, J.E. Effects of accurate expectations about sensations on the sensory and distress components of pain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1973, 27, 261–275.
Johnson, J.E. and Leventhal, H. Effects of accurate expectations and behavioral instructions on reactions during a noxious medical examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1974, 29, 710–718.
Kenshalo, D.R., The cutaneous senses, In J.W. Kling and L.A. Riggs (Eds.), Woodworth and Schlossberg’s experimental psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.
Linn, E.L., Role behaviors in two dental clinics: a trial of Nadel’s criterea. Human Organization, 1967, 26, 141–148.
Melzack, R. The puzzle of pain. New York: Basic Books, 1973.
Melzack, R. and Wall, P.D., Psychophysiology of pain. The International Anesthesiology Clinics, 1970, 8, 3–34.
Miller, N.E., Barber, T.X., DiCara, L.V., Kamiya, J., Shapiro, D., and Stoyva, J. Biofeedback and self-control 1973. Chicago: Aldine, 1974.
Mountcastle, V.B., Pain and temperature sensibilities. In V.B. Mountcastle, (Ed.) Medical physiology, Saint Louis: C.V. Mosby, 1974.
Neufeld, R.W.J. and Davidson, P.O. The effects of vicarious and cognitive rehearsal on pain tolerance. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1971, 15, 329–335.
Pilowsky, I. and Bond, M.R. Pain and its management in malignant disease. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1969, XXXI, 400–404.
Schurmann, K. Surgical treatment: fundamental principles of the surgical treatment of pain. In R. Janzen et al (Eds.). Pain: basic principles, pharmacology, therapy, Stuttgart, Germany: Georg Thieme, 1972, 181–193.
Spear, F.G. Pain in psychiatric patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1967, 11, 187–193.
Staub, E., Tursky, B., Schwartz, G.E., Self-control and predictability: their effects on reactions to aversive stimulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1971, 18, 157–162.
Sternbach, R.A. Pain: a psychophysiological analysis. New York: Academic Press, 1968.
Sternbach, R.A. Pain patients: traits and treatment. New York: Academic Press, 1974.
Thompson, K.F., The role of suggestion in pain and anxiety. In C.R. Bennett (Ed.), Conscious sedation in dental practice. St. Louis, Missouri: C.V. Mosby, 1974.
Weisenberg, M. Cultural and racial reactions to pain. In M. Weisenberg (Ed.) The control of pain. New York: Psychological Dimensions, Inc., 1976, Chapter 5.
Wolpe, J. The practice of behavior therapy. New York: Pergamon, 1973.
Zimbardo, P.G., Cohen, A.R., Weisenberg, M., Dworkin, L., and Firestone, I. Control of pain motivation by cognitive dissonance. Science, 1966, 151, 217–219.
Melzack, R. The Puzzle of Pain. New York: Basic Books, 1973.
Dalessio, D.J. Wolff’s Headache and Other Head Pain. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972, 3rd edition.
Sternbach, R.A. Pain: A Psychophysiological Analysis. New York: Academic Press, 1968.
Zborowski, M. People in Pain. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass, 1969.
Soulairac, A. et al (Eds.) Pain: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Pain, April 11–13, 1967. New York: Academic Press, 1968.
Janzen, R. et al (Eds.) Pain: Basic Principles Pharmacology Therapy. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 1972.
Erickson, M.H., Hershman, S., and Secter, I.I. The Practical Application of Medical and Dental Hypnosis. New York: The Julian Press, 1961.
Fross, G.H. Handbook of Hypnotic Techniques. Irvington, N.J.: Power Publishers, 1966.
Hartland, J. Medical and Dental Hypnosis. London: Bailliere, Tindall, and Cassell, 1966 or 1971 Second Edition.
Monday, May 6 Film: “Pain: Where Does It Hurt Most?” Dr. M. Weisenberg Neuroanatomical Theories of Pain, Dr. C. Loeser
Wednesday, May 8 Laboratory: Introduction to Hypnosis, Dr. M. Weisenberg, Dr. L. Daniels Techniques of Measuring Pain, Dr. M. Weisenberg
Friday, May 10 Laboratory: Eye-Roll Technique, Dr. M. Weisenberg, Dr. L. Daniels Reactions to Pain: Perceptual and Cognitive Factors, Dr. M. Weisenberg
Monday, May 13 Laboratory: Achieving Analgesia with Hypnosis, Dr. M. Weisenberg, Dr. L. Daniels Reactions to Pain: Psychiatric Considerations, Dr. H. Fiss
Wednesday, May 15 Laboratory: Use of Relaxation (Introduction) Dr. M. Weisenberg Stress, Anxiety and Pain, Dr. M. Weisenberg
Thursday, May 16 Laboratory: Introduction to Biofeedback, Dr. M. Weisenberg Facial Pain, Dr. M. Weisenberg
Monday, May 20 Laboratory: Biofeedback (Continued) Dr. M. Weisenberg Headache Pain, Dr. M. Weisenberg
Tuesday, May 21 Laboratory: To Be Announced Anesthesia Techniques, Dr. S. Woo
Wednesday, May 22 Laboratory: To Be Announced The Pharmacology of Analgesia, Dr. M. Feinstein
Friday, May 24 Laboratory: To Be Announced The Surgical Relief of Pain, Dr. G. Owens
Wednesday, May 29 Laboratory: Symptom Removal Through Hypnosis, Dr. M. Weisenberg Cultural Reactions to Pain, Dr. M. Weisenberg
Thursday, May 30 Acupuncture, Dr. M. Weisenberg
9–10 Introduction — Film “Pain: Where Does It Hurt Most?” Dr. M. Weisenberg
10–12 Neuroanatomical Theories of Pain, Dr. C. Loeser Truex and Carpenter. Human Neuroanatomy. William and Wilkins, 1969, 265–269, 364–371, 470–472, 558–562.
Casey, K.L. Pain - A current view of neural mechanisms. American Scientist, 1973, 61, 194–200.
Melzack, R. and Wall, P.D. Pain mechanisms: A new theory. Science, 1965, 150, 971–979.
Wall, P.D. and Dubner, R. Annual Review of Physiology, 1972, 34, 325–326.
DeJong, R. Report on international symposium on pain. Anesthesia, 1973, 39, 662–664.
9–10 Introduction to Hypnosis, Dr. M. Weisenberg, Dr. L. Daniels
Weitzenhoffer, A.M. and Hilgard, E.R. Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1959.
Erickson, et al., Chapter 4 or Fross, Chapter IV, or Hartland, Chapters 4–7.
Jacoby, J.D. Practical suggestions for dentists working with the patient in a trance. The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 1967, X, 39–43.
10–12 Techniques of Measuring Pain, Dr. M. Weisenberg
Hardy, J., Wolff, H.G., and Goodell, H. Pain Sensations and Reactions. New York: Hafner Publishing Co., 1967, Chapter III.
Beecher, H.K. Quantification of subjective pain experience. Proceedings of the American Psychopathological Association, 1963, 53, 111–128.
Bloomfield, S.S. and Hurwitz, H.N. Tourniquet and episiotomy pain as test models for aspirin-like analgesics. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1970, 10, 361–369.
Forgione, A.G. and Barber, T.X. A strain gauge pain stimulator. Psychophysiology, 1971, 8, 102–106.
Kast, E.C. Clinical measurement of pain. Medical Clinics of North America, 1968, 52, 23–32.
Tursky, B. and Watson, P.D. Controlled physical and subjective intensities of electric shock. Psychophysiology, 1964, 1, 151–162.
9–10 Laboratory: The Eye-Roll Technique, Dr. M. Weisenberg, Dr. L. Daniels
Spiegel, H. An eye-roll test for hypnotizability. The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 1972, 15, 25–28.
Spiegel, H. and Bridger, A.A. A Manual for Hypnotic Induction Profile. New York: Soni Medica, 1970.
10–12 Perceptual and Cognitive Factors, Dr. M. Weisenberg
Melzack, Chapters 1–4
Sternbach, Chapter V
Zimbardo, P.G., Cohen, A., Weisenberg, M., Dworkin, L., and Firestone, I. Control of pain motivation by cognitive dissonance, Science, 1966, 151, 217–219.
Fordyce, W.E., Fowler, R.S., Lehmann, J.F. and DeLateur, B. Some implications of learning in problems of chronic pain. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 1968, 21, 179–190.
Craig, K.D. and Weiss, S.M. Verbal reports of pain without noxious stimulation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1972, 34, 943–948.
9–10 Laboratory: Analgesia Through Hypnosis. Dr. M. Weisenberg, Dr. L. Daniels
Hartland, Chapter 12
Erickson, M.H. The interspersal hypnotic technique for symptom correction and pain control. The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 1966, VIII, 198–209.
Sacerdote, P. Theory and practice of pain control in malignancy and other protracted or recurring painful illnesses. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, XVIII, 160–180.
10–12 Psychiatric Considerations, Dr. Fiss Szasz, T.S. Language and Pain in S. Arieti (Ed.) American Handbook of Psychiatry, Basic Books, 1966, Vol. 1, Chapter 49.
Case History (To be handed out)
Soulairac 93–113
9–10 Laboratory: Introduction to Relaxation, Dr. M. Weisenberg
Wolpe, J. The Practice of Behavior Therapy. New York: Pergamon Press, 1969, 100–107.
Bonica, J.J. Principles and Practice of Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 1967, Vol. 1, Chapters 45–47.
Bernstein, D.A. and Bokovec, T.D. Progressive Relaxation Training. Champaign, I11.: Research Press, 1973.
10–12 Stress, Anxiety and Pain, Dr. M. Weisenberg
Sternbach, Chapter IV
Weisenberg, M., Kreindler, M.L., Schachat, R., and Werboff, J. Pain: Anxiety and attitudes in Black, White and Puerto Rican patients, Psychosomatic Medicine, 1974 in press.
Baldwin, D.C. An investigation of psychological and behavioral responses to dental extraction in children. Journal of Dental Research, 1966, 45, 1637–1651.
Abram, H.S. and Gill, B.F. Predictions of postoperative psychiatric complications. The New England Journal of Medicine, 1961, 265, 1123–1128.
Egbert, L.D., Battit, G.E., Welch, C.E. and Bartlett, M.K. Reduction of postoperative pain by encouragement and instruction of patients. The New England Journal of Medicine, 1964, 270, 825–827.
Johnson, J.E., Dabbs, J.M., and Leventhal, H. Psychosocial factors in the welfare of surgical patients. Nursing Research, 1970, 19, 18–29.
Janis, I.C. Some implications of recent research on the dynamics of fear and stress tolerance. Social Psychiatry, 1969, XLVII, 86–100.
Lazarus, R.S., Opton, E.M., Nomikos, M.S., and Rankin, N.O. The principle of short-circuiting of threat: further evidence. Journal of Personality, 1965, 33, 622–635.
9–10 Laboratory: Introduction to Biofeedback, Dr. M. Weisenberg
Budzynski, T. and Stoyva, J. Biofeedback techniques in behavior therapy, in D. Shapiro et al (Eds.) Biofeedback and Self-Control 1972. Chicago: Aldine, 1973, Chapter 33.
10–12 Facial Pain, Dr. M. Weisenberg
Dalessio, Chapters 15, 16
Ingle, J.I. Endodontics. Philadelphia: Lea and Febinger, 1965, Chapter 11.
Greene, C.S. A survey of current professional concepts and opinions about the myofacial pain-dysfunction syndrome. JADA, 1973, 86, 128–136.
Laskin, D.M. Etiology of the pain-dysfunction syndrome. JADA, 1969, 79, 147–153.
9–10 Laboratory: Biofeedback (Continued), Dr. M. Weisenberg
Budzynski, T. and Stoyva, J. An electromyographic feedback technique for teaching voluntary relaxation of the masseter muscle. Journal of Dental Research, 1973, 52, 116– 119.
10–12 Headache Pain
Dalessio, Chapter 8, 228–230; Chapters 11, 12 Tuesday, May 21
9–10 Laboratory: Practice of Hypnotic Induction and Deepening, Dr. M. Weisenberg, Dr. L. Daniels
10–12 Anesthesia Techniques, Dr. S. Woo
Covino, B.G. Local anesthesia. NEJM, 1972, 286, 975–983, 1035–1042.
Moore, D.C. and Bridenbaugh, L.D. Spinal (subarachnoid) block. JAMA, 1966, 195, 907– 912.
Shealy, C.N., Taslitz, N., Mortimer, J.T., and Becker, D.P. Electrical inhibition of pain. Anesth. Analg. Curr. Res., 1967, 46, 299–305.
Lloyd, J.W., Hughes, J.T., and Davies-Jones, G.A.B. Relief of severe intractable pain by barbotage of cerebro-spinal fluid. Lancet, 1972, 1, 354–355.
9–10 Laboratory: To Be Announced 10–12 The Pharmacology of Analgesia, Dr. M. Feinstein
Eddy, N.B. and May, E.L. The search for a better analgesic. Science, 1973, 181, 407–414.
Lim, R.K.S. and Guzman, F. Manifestations of pain in analgesic evaluation in animals and man. In Pain, Proc. Intl. Sympos. on Pain, (Eds.) Soulairac, Cahn and Charpentier, Academic Press, N.Y. 1968, 119–152.
Beecher, H.K. The measurement of pain in man. ibid. 201–213.
Eckenhoff, J.E. and Oech, S.R. The effects of narcotics and antagonists upon respiration and circulation in man. Clin. Pharmac. Ther. 1960, 1, 483–524.
Smith, G.M., Lowenstein, E., Hubbard, J.H., and Beecher, H.K. Experimental pain produced by the submaximum effort tourniquet technique: further evidence of validity. J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther., 1968, 163, 468–474.
Wolff, B.B., Kantor, T.G., Jarvik, M.E., and Laska, E. Response of experimental pain to analgesic drugs. I. Morphine, aspirin, and placebo. Clin. Pharmac. Ther., 1966, 7, 224– 238.
Response of experimental pain to analgesic drugs. III. Codeine, aspirin, secobarbital and placebo. ibid., 1969, 10, 217–228.
Jasinski, D.R., Martin, W.R., and Sapira, J.D. Antagonism of the subjective, behavioral, pupillary and respiratory depressant effects of cycazacine by naloxone. Clin. Pharmac. Ther., 1968, 9, 215–222.
Guzman, F. and Lim, R.K.S. The mechanism of action of the non-narcotic analgesics. Med. Clinics of North America, 1968, 52, 3–14.
Paton, W.D.M. In Scientific basis of drug dependence. (Ed.) H. Steinberg, London: Churchill, 31.
Collier, H.O.J. A general theory of the genesis of drug dependence by induction of receptors. Nature, 1965, 205, 181–182.
Kosterlitz, H.W. and Watt, A.J. Brit. J. Pharmacol., 1968, 33, 266.
9–11 The Surgical Relief of Pain, Dr. G. Owens Janzen, 181–222.
9–10 Laboratory: Symptom Removal Through Hypnosis, Dr. M. Weisenberg, Dr. L. Daniels
Read relevant sections of Erickson or Hartland on symptom removal.
10–12 Cultural Reactions to Pain, Dr. M. Weisenberg
Zborowski, M. People in Pain. San Francisco: Jossey-Boss, 1969.
Weisenberg, M. Cultural and racial reactions to pain. Paper deliver to AAAS, February, 1974.
Wolff, B.B. and Langley, S. Cultural factors and the response to pain: A review. American Anthropologist, 1968, 70, 494–501.
9–12 Acupuncture, Dr. M. Weisenberg
9–10 Films on acupuncture
10–12 Discussion Van Nghi, N., Fisch, G., and Kao, J. An introduction to classical acupuncture. American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 1973, 1, 75–83.
Melzack, R. How acupuncture can block pain. Impact of Science on Society, 1973, 65–75.
Chaves, J.F. and Barber, T.X. Acupuncture analgesia: six factors to help to explain the efficacy of acupuncture in attenuating surgical pain. Human Behavior, Los Angeles: Manson Western Corp., 1973.
Melzack, Chapters 6, 7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1976 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Weisenberg, M. (1976). Teaching Behavioral Pain Control to Health Professionals. In: Weisenberg, M., Tursky, B. (eds) Pain. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2304-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2304-4_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2306-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2304-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive