Abstract
Morphologically the endometrium is one of the most spectacular and dynamic target tissues in the human body, in which structural changes occur in a rhythmic fashion throughout the reproductive life of women. The various stages of cyclic endometrial alterations including proliferation, secretory differentiation, regression, degeneration, and regeneration have been extensively investigated by means of light microscopy (Dallenbach–Hellweg, 1971), electron microscopy (Cavazos and Lucas, 1973; Ferenczy and Richart, 1974a; Ferenczy, 1976), histochemistry (Boutselis, 1973), ultracytochemistry (Henzlet al 1972), microspectrophotometry (Wagner et al 1968), and biochemistry (Hughes et al 1974) (see Chapter 11). These studies in conjunction with steroid biochemistry (Hertz, 1974) and recent knowledge of the molecular biology of hormone–specific binding proteins (Gorski and Raker, 1974; O’Malley and Means, 1974) have led to the concept that cyclic morphological modifications of the endometrium reflect changes in metabolic functions, and that both are under the regulatory actions of ovarian estradiol–17ß and progesterone. Because of this interplay among structure, function, and ovarian hormonal stimuli, the endometrium is currently considered one of the most sensitive indicators of the hypothalamo–pituitary–ovarian hormonal axis, and thus serves as means for diagnostic evaluation of patients.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ancla, M., and De Brüx, J., 1965, Occurrence of intranuclear tubular structures in the human endometrium during the secretory phase, and of annulate lamellae in hyperestrogenic states, Obstet. Gynecol 26: 23–33.
Anderson, D. G., 1972, The possible mechanisms of action of progestins on endometrial adenocarcinoma, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol 113: 195–208.
Anderson, R. G. W., 1972, The three dimensional structure of the basal body from the rhesus monkey oviduct, J. Cell Biol. 54: 246–265.
Boutselis, J. G., 1973, Histochemistry of the normal endometrium, in: The Uterus ( H. J. Norris, A. T. Hertig, and M. R. Abell, eds.), pp. 175–184, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.
Cavazos, F., and Lucas, F. V., 1973, Ultrastructure of the endometrium, in: The Uterus ( H. J. Norris, A. T. Hertig, and M. R. Abell, eds.), pp. 136–174, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.
Dallenbach–Hellweg, G., 1971, Histopathology of the Endometrium, Springer–Verlag, New York.
Evans, L H., Martin, J. D., and Hähnel, R., 1974, Estrogen receptor concentration in normal and pathological human uterine tissues, J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 38: 23–32.
Fasske, E., Morgenroth, K., Themann, H., and Verhagen, A., 1965, Vergleichende elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen von Proliferationsphase, glandulär–cystischer Hyperplasie und Adenocarcinom der Schleimhaut des Corpus Uteri, Arch. Gynaekol 200: 473–499.
Ferenczy, A., 1974, The surface ultrastructure of the human fallopian tube: A comparative
morphophysiologic study, in: Advances in Biomedical Applications of the SEM (O. Johari, ed.), pp. 613–622, I.I.T. Research Institute, Chicago.
Ferenczy, A., 1975, Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of endometrial adenocarcinoma and its presumed precursors, Lab. Invest. 32: 7–8 (abst.).
Ferenczy, A., 1976, Studies on the cytodynamics of human endometrial regeneration. I. Scanning electron microscopy, Am. Obstet. Gynecol 124: 64–74.
Ferenczy, A., and Richart, R. M., 1973a, Scanning electron microscopy of hyperplastic and neoplastic endometria, in: Scanning Electron Microscopy in Pathology (O. Johari, ed.), pp. 613– 620, I.I.T. Research Institute, Chicago.
Ferenczy, A., and Richart, R. M., 19736, Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the human endometrial surface epithelium, J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 36: 999–1008.
Ferenczy, A., and Richart, R. M., 1974, Female Reproductive System: Dynamics of Scan and Transmission Electron Microscopy, Wiley, New York.
Ferenczy, A., and Richart, R. M., 19746, Scanning electron microscopy of human female genital tract, N.Y. State f. Med. 74: 794–802.
Ferenczy, A., Richart, R. M., Agate, F. J., Jr., Purkerson, M. L, and Dempsey, E. W., 1972, Scanning electron microscopy of the human endometrial surface epithelium, Fertil Steril 23: 515–521.
Gompel, C., 1971, Ultrastructure of endometrial carcinoma, Cancer 28: 745–754.
Gorski, J., and Raker, B., 1974, Estrogen action in the uterus: The requisite for sustained estrogen binding in the nucleus, Gynecol Oncol 2: 249–258.
Gusberg, S. M., 1975, A strategy for the control of endometrial cancer, Proc. R. Soc. Med. 68:163– 168.
Hameed, K., and Morgan, D. A., 1972, Papillary adenocarcinoma of endometrium with psam– moma bodies: Histology and fine structure, Cancer 29: 1326–1335.
Hando, T., Okada, D. M., and Zamboni, L, 1968, Atypical cilia in human endometrium, Cell Biol. 39: 475–481.
Haukkamaa, M., Kajalainen, O., and Luukkainen, T., 1971, In vitro binding of progesterone by the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle and by hyperplastic, atrophic, and carcinomatous endometrium, Am. f. Obstet. Gynecol 111: 205–210.
Hausknecht, R. V., and Gusberg, S. B., 1969, Estrogen metabolism in patients at high risk for endometrial carcinoma, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol 105: 1161–1167.
Hayakawa, K., 1969, Effects of dimethisterone on endometrial adenocarcinoma: Electron microscopic study, Acta Obstet. Gynaecol Japon. 16: 285–300.
Henzl, M. R., Smith, R. E., Boost, G., and Tyler, E. T., 1972, Lysosomal concept of menstrual bleeding in humans, Clin. Metab. 34: 860–875.
Hertz, R., 1974, Pharmacology of the endometrium, Gynecol Oncol 2: 264–271.
Hughes, E. C., Csermely, T. B., Jacobs, R. D., and OHern, P. A., 1974, Biochemical parameters of abnormal endometrium, Gynecol Oncol 2: 205–220.
Kerr, J. F. R., and Searle, J., 1972, The digestion of cellular fragments within phagolysosomes in carcinoma cells, J. Pathol. 108: 55–58.
Kohorn, E. I., and Tchao, R., 1968, Endometrial carcinoma in organ culture, J. Obstet. Gynaecol Br. Commonw. 75: 1262–1267.
MacDonald, P. C., and Siiteri, P. K., 1974, The relationship between the extraglandular production of estrone and the occurrence of endometrial neoplasia, Gynecol Oncol 2: 250–263.
McKay, D. G., Hertig, A. T., Bardawil, W. A., annd Velardo, J. T., 1956, Histochemical observations on the endometrium. II. Abnormal endometrium, Obstet. Gynecol. 8: 140–159.
Meissner, W. A., Sommers, S. C., and Sherman, G., 1957, Endometrial carcinoma and endometriosis produced experimentally by estrogens, Cancer 10: 500–509.
Nilsson, O. Kottmeier, H. L, and Fellinger, K. G., 1963, Some differences in the ultrastructure of normal and cancerous human uterine epithelium, Acta Obstet. Gynaecol Scand. 42: 73–84.
Nordqvist, S. R. B., 1969, Hormonal responsiveness of human endometrial carcinoma studied in vitro and in vivo, Thesis, Studentlitteratur AB, Lund, Sweden.
Malley, B. S., and Means, A. R., 1974, Female steroid hormones and target cell nuclei, Science 183: 610–620.
Pollow, K., Liibbert, H., Buquoi, E., Kreuzer, G., and Pollow, B., 1975, Characterization and comparison of receptors for 17ß–estradiol and progesterone in human proliferative endometrium and endometrial carcinoma, Endocrinology 26: 319–328.
Reifenstein, E. C., Jr., 1974, The treatment of advanced endometrial cancer with hydroxyprogesterone caproate, Gynecol Oncol 2:377–414. Richart, R. M., and Ferenczy, A., 1974, Endometrial morphologic response to hormonal Environment, Gynecol Oncol 2: 180–197.
Rorat, E., Ferenczy, A., and Richart, R. M., 1974, The ultrastructure of endometrial clear cell adenocarcinoma, Cancer 33: 880–887.
Sachs, H., Wamtach, E. V., and Wiirthner, K., 1974, DNA content of normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrium, determined cytophotometrically, Arch. Gynaekol 217: 349–365.
Satir, P., 1974, How cilia move, Sci. Am. 231: 44–52.
Scarpelli, D. G., and Trump, B. F., 1971, Cell Injury, Upjohn, Kalamazoo, Mich.
Schindler, A. E., Ebert, A., and Friedrich, E., 1972, Conversion of androstenedione to estrone by human fat tissue, J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 35: 627–630.
Searle, J., Collins, D. J., Harmon, B., and Kerr, J. F. R., 1973, The spontaneous occurrence of apoptosis in squamous carcinomas of the uterine cervix, J. Pathol. 5: 163–169.
Siiteri, P. K., Schwarz, B. E., and MacDonald, P. C., 1974, Estrogen receptors and the estrone hypothesis in relation to endometrial and breast cancer, Gynecol Oncol 2: 228–238.
Smith, R. E., and Henzl, M. R., 1969, Role of mucopolysaccharides and lysosomal hydrolases in endometrial regression following withdrawal of estradiol and chlormadinone acetate. I. Epithelium and stroma, J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 85: 50–66.
Spring–Mills, E., and Elias, J. J., 1975, Cell surface differences in ducts from cancerous and noncancerous human breasts, Science 188: 947–949.
Staprans, I., and Dirksen, E. R., 1974, Microtubule protein during ciliogenesis in the mouse oviduct, J. Cell Biol. 62: 164–174.
Taylor, R. W., Brush, M. G., Persson, B. H., and Witt, M., 1971, The uptake of oestrogen by endometrial carcinoma, Proc. R. Soc. Med. 64: 407–408.
Terenius, L, Lindell, A., and Persson, B. H., 1971, Binding of estradiol–17ß to human cancer tissue of the female genital tract, Cancer Res. 31: 1895–1898.
Thrasher, T. W., and Richart, R. M., 1972, An ultrastructural comparison of endometrial adenocarcinoma and normal endometrium, Cancer 29: 1713–1723.
Wagner, D., Richart, R. M., and Turner, J. Y., 1967, Deoxyribonucleic acid content of presumed precursors of endometrial carcinoma, Cancer 20: 2067–2077.
Wagner, D., Richart, R. M., and Turner, J. Y., 1968, DNA content of human endometrial gland cells during the menstrual cycle, Am. Obstet. Gynecol 100: 90–97.
Weissmann, G., 1964, Labilization and stabilization of lysosomes, Fed. Proc. 23: 1038–1044.
Wessel, W., 1961, Did glandular–cystische Hyperplasie des menschlichen Endometriums im elektronenmikroskopischen Bild, Virchows Arch. Pathol Anat. 334: 181–194.
Wessel, W., 1965, Endometriale Adenocarcinome verschiedener Differenzierungsgrade und ihr Stroma im electronenmikroskopischen Bild, Arch. Krebsforsch. 66: 421–437.
White, A. J., and Buchsbaum, H. J. 1974, Scanning electron microscopy of the human endometrium. II. Hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma, Gynecol Oncol 2: 1–8.
Wienke, E. C., Cavazos, F., Hall, D. G., and Lucas, F. V., 1969, Ultrastructural effects of norethynodrel and mestranol on human endometrial stroma cell, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol 102: 103–111.
Zhinkin, L N., and Samoshkina, N. A., 1967, DNA synthesis and cell proliferation during the formation of deciduomata in mice, J. Embryol Exp. Morphol 17: 598–601.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1977 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ferenczy, A. (1977). Ultrastructural Pathology of the Uterus. In: Wynn, R.M. (eds) Biology of the Uterus. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2271-9_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2271-9_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2273-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2271-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive