Abstract
The largest number of genes in the genetic system of the most complex viruses is not more than 100, and such a system can be represented by a single polycistron DNA macromolecule. In bacteria, more than 1000 genes may be present and their genetic apparatus consists of a new structure, a special type of chromosome consisting of a small or large number of DNA molecules connected into a circular (occasionally linear) system. With the transition to multicellular organisms, the volume of genetic information and the way in which it is translated into action during reproduction differ considerably and a number of fundamentally new genetic problems concerned with differentiation and morphogenesis arise. The number of genes of different types controlling development and providing for differentiation and protein synthesis increases from several thousands in the simplest members of this group of living organisms to several hundreds of thousands or, according to some highly arbitrary calculations, to values exceeding a million (Vogel, 1964) in man. Information equivalent to a million genes can be coded in polynucleotides having a total length equivalent to one billion nucleotides (with a molecular weight of about 600 billions if calculated as double-helical DNA).
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Medvedev, Z.A. (1970). Molecular-Genetic Systems Controlling Morphogenesis and Differentiation in Multicellular Organisms. Molecular Structure of Chromosomes of the Cell Nucleus and Structural and Biochemical Features of Genetic and Functional Differentiation of Chromosomes. In: Molecular-Genetic Mechanisms of Development. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1764-7_4
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