Abstract
The ultimate success of micropropagation on commercial scale depends on the ability to transfer plants out of culture on a large-scale, at low cost and with high survival rates. Tissue culture conditions that promote rapid growth and multiplication of shoots often result in the formation of structurally and physiologically abnormal plants. The tissue culture plants are often characterised by abnormal leaf morphology and anatomy, poor photosynthetic efficiency, malfunctioning of stomata and a marked decrease in epicuticular waxes. Qualitatively also, the waxes present on the surface of the leaves of in vivo and in vitro raised plants may vary. The heterotrophic mode of nutrition and poor mechanism to control water loss render micropropagated plants vulnerable to the transplantation shocks. Although considerable efforts have been directed to optimise the conditions for the in vitro stages of micropropagation, scant attention has been paid to understand the process of acclimatisation of micropropagated plants to the soil environment. Consequently, the transplantation stage continues to be a major bottleneck in the micropropagation of many plants (Earle and Langhans, 1975; Broome and Zimmerman, 1978; Conner and Thomas, 1981; Ziv, 1986).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alderson, P.G. and Rice, R.D.,1986, Propagation of bulbs from floral stern tissue. In: Plant Tissue Culture and its Agricultural Applications (L.A. Withers and P.G. Alderson, eds.), pp. 91–97, Butterworths, London.
Ammirato, P.V., 1984, Yams. In: Handbook of Plant Cell Culture, Vol. 3. Crop Species (P.V. Ammirato, ed.) pp. 327–354., Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
Brainerd, K.E. and Fuchigami, L.H., 1981, Acclimatization of aseptically cultured apple plants to low relative humidity, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 106: 515–518.
Brainerd, K.E. and Fuchigami, L.H., 1982, Stomatal functioning of in vitro and greenhouse apple leaves in darkness, mannitol, ABA and CO2, J. Exp. Bot., 33: 388–392.
Brainerd, K.E., Fuchigami, L.H., Kwaitkowski, S. and Clark, C.S., 1981, Leaf anatomy and water stress of aseptically cultured `Pixy’ plum grown under different environments. Hortscience, 16: 173–175.
Broome, O.C. and Zimmerman, R.H., 1978, In vino propagation of blackberry, Hortscience, 13: 151–153.
Conner, A.J. and Thomas, M.B., 1981, Re-establishing plantlets from tissue culture: A review. Proc. hut. Plant Prop. Soc., 31: 342–357.
Conner, L.N. and Conner, A.J., 1984, Comparative water loss from leaves of Solarium laciniatum plants cultured in vitro and in vivo, Plant Sci. Lett., 36: 241–246.
Dantu, P.K. and Bhojwani, S.A., 1987, In vitro propagation and corm formation in Gladiolus, Gartenbauw•issenschaft, 2: 90–93.
Dhawan, V. and Bhojwani, S.S., 1987, Hardening in vitro and morpho-physiological changes in the leaves during acclimatization of micropropagated plants of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Plant Sci., 53: 65–72.
Donnelly, D.J. and Vidaver, W.E., 1984a, Pigment content and gas exchange of red raspberry in vitro and ex vitro, J. Am. Soc. Hortic Sci., 109: 177–181.
Donnelly, D.J. and Vidaver, W.E., 1984b, Leaf anatomy of red raspberry transferred from culture to soil, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 109: 172–176.
Earle, E.D. and Langhans, R.W., 1975, Carnation propagation from shoot tips cultured in liquid medium, Hortscience, 10: 608–610.
Fuchigami, L.H., Cheng, T.Y. and Soeldner, A., 1981, Abaxial transpiration and water loss in aseptically cultured plum, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 106: 519–522.
Grout, B. and Astron, M.J., 1977a, Transplanting of cauliflower plants regenerated from meristem culture, I. Water loss and water transfer related to changes in leaf wax and to xylem regeneration, Hortic. Res., 17: 1–7.
Grout, B. and Aston, M.J., 1977b, Transplanting of cauliflower plants regenerated from meristem culture, II. Carbon dioxide fixation and the development of photosynthetic ability, Hortic. Res., 17: 65–71.
Grout, B. and Aston, M.J., 1978, Modified leaf anatomy of cauliflower plantlets regenerated from meristem culture Ann. Bot. (Load.), 42: 993–995.
Grout, B.W.W. and Crisp, P., 1977, Practical aspects of the propagation of cauliflower by meristem culture, Acta Hortic. 79: 289–296.
Hussey, G., 1977, In vitro propagation of Gladiolus by precocious axillary shoot formation, Sci. Hortic., 6: 287–296.
Ng, S.Y.C., 1988, In vino tuberization in white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir), Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 14: 121–128.
Peck, D.E. and Cumming, B.G., 1986, Benificial effects of activated charcoal on bulblet production in tissue cultures of Muscari armeniacum, Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 6: 9–14.
Selvapandiyan, A., Subramani, J., Bhatt, P.N. and Mehta, A.R., 1988, A simple method for direct transplantation of cultured plants to the field, Plant Sci., 56: 81–83.
Sutter, E., 1984, Chemical composition of epicuticular wax in cabbage plants grown in vitro, Can. J. Bot., 62: 74–77.
Sutter, E.G., 1986, Micropropagation of Ria viridifolia and a Gladiolus x Homoglossum hybrid, Sci. Honk., 29: 181–189.
Sutter, E. and Langhans, R.W., 1979, Epicuticular wax formation on carnation plantlets regenerated from shoot tip culture, J. Am. Soc. Honk. Sci., 104: 493–496.
Sutter, E. and Langhans, R.W., 1982, Formation of epicuticular wax and its effect on water loss in cabbage plants regenerated from shoot tip culture, Can. J. Bot., 60: 2896–2902.
Uduebo, A.E., 1971, Effect of external supply of growth substances on axillary proliferation and development in Dioscorea bulbifera, Ann. Bot. (Lond.), 35: 159–163.
Wang, P.J. and Hu, C.Y., 1984, In vitro mass tuberization and virus-free seed potato production in Taiwan, Ann. Potato. J., 59: 33–37.
Wetzstein, H.Y. and Sommer, H.E., 1982, Leaf anatomy of tissuecultured Liquidambarsnraciflua (Hamamelidaceae) during acclimatization, Am. J. Bot., 69: 1579–1586.
Wetzstein, H.Y. and Sommer, H.E., 1983, Scanning electron microscopy of in vitro cultured Liquidambar styraciflua plantlets during acclimatization, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 108: 475–480.
Ziv, M., 1979, Transplanting Gladiolus plants propagated in vitro, Sci. Honk., 11: 257–260.
Ziv, M., 1986, In vitro hardening and acclimatization of tissue culture plants, In: Plant Tissue Culture and its Agricultural Applications (L.A. Withers and P.G. Alderson, eds.), pp. 187–196. Butterworths, London.
Ziv, M., Schwartz, A. and Fleminger, D., 1987, Malfunctioning stomata in vitreous leaves of carnation (Dianthus cmyophvllus) plants propagated in vitro; Implications for hardening, l’la,u Sci., 52: 127–134.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bhojwani, S.S., Dhawan, V. (1989). Acclimatization of Tissue Culture-Raised Plants for Transplantation to the Field. In: Dhawan, V. (eds) Applications of Biotechnology in Forestry and Horticulture. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1321-2_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1321-2_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-1323-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-1321-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive