Abstract
The complex function of the nervous system is made possible by its underlying chemistry. One aspect of this chemistry involves the primary mechanism by which neurons communicate with each other, chemical neurotransmission. It is likely that the neurons of the auditory system are organized chemically as well as structurally and functionally. We may therefore look for populations of neurons employing particular neurotransmitters. These neuronal populations may serve specific functions in the auditory system, just as specific functions are served by cholinergic spinal motoneurons or dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams, J. C., 1982, Collaterals of labyrinthine efferent axons, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 8:149.
Adams, J. C. and Mugnaini, E., 1984, GAD-like immunoreactivity in the ventral cochlear nucleus, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 10:393.
Adams, J. C. and Wenthold, R. J., 1987, Immunostaining of GABA-ergic and glycinergic inputs to the anteroventral cochlear nucleus, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 13:1259.
Altschuler, R. A., Betz, H., Parakkal, M. H., Reeks, K. A. and Wenthold, R. A., 1986, Identification of glycinergic synapses in the cochlear nucleus through immunocytochemical localization of the postsynaptic receptor, Brain Res., 369:316–320.
Baker, B. N., Glendenning, K. K. and Hodges, P., 1986, Acoustic chiasm: distribution of glycine and GABA receptors in the brainstem auditory nuclei of cat, Abstr. 9th Midwinter Res. Mtng., ARQ:7.
Bledsoe, S. C. Jr., Altschuler, R. A., Wenthold, R. J. and Prasad, V., 1987, Immunocytochemical localization of glycine in the guinea pig superior olivary complex: lesion studies, Abstr. 10th Midwinter Res. Mtng., ARO:157.
Brawer, J. R., Morest, D. K. and Kane, E. C., 1974, The neuronal architecture of the cochlear nucleus of the cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 155:251–300.
Cant, N. B., 1984, The fine structure of the lateral superior olivary nucleus of the cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 227:63–77.
Cant, N. B. and Gaston, K. C., 1982, Pathways connecting the right and left cochlear nuclei, J. Comp. Neurol., 212:313–326.
Caspary, D. M., Havey, D. C. and Faingold, C. L., 1979, Effects of micro- iontophoretically applied glycine and GABA on neuronal response patterns in the cochlear nuclei, Brain Res., 172:179–185.
Caspary, D. M., Rybak, L. P. and Faingold, C. L., 1985, The effects of inhibitory and excitatory amino-acid neurotransmitters on the response properties of brainstem auditory neurons, in: “Auditory Biochemistry”, Drescher, D. G., ed., Thomas, Springfield, 198–226.
Cooper, J. R., Bloom, F. E. and Roth, R. H., 1986, “The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology”, Oxford Univ., New York.
Cowan, W. M., 1970, Anterograde and retrograde transneuronal degeneration in the central and peripheral nervous system, in: “Contemporary Research Methods in Neuroanatomy”, Nauta, W. J. H. and Ebbesson, S. O. E., eds., Springer-Verlag, New York, 217–251.
Davies, W. E., 1977, GABAergic innervation of the mammalian cochlear nucleus, in: “Inner Ear Biology”, Portmann, M. and Aran, J.-M., eds., INSERM, Paris, 68:155–164.
Fisher, S. K. and Davies, W. E., 1976, GABA and its related enzymes in the lower auditory system of the guinea pig, J. Neurochem., 27:1145–1155.
Frostholm, A. and Rotter, A., 1986, Autoradiographic localization of receptors in the cochlear nucleus of the mouse, Brain Res. Bull., 16:189–203.
Godfrey, D. A. and Matschinsky, F. M., 1976, Approach to three-dimensional mapping of quantitative histochemical measurements applied to studies of the cochlear nucleus, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 24:697–712.
Godfrey, D. A., Carter, J. A., Berger, S. J., Lowry, O. H. and Matschinsky, F. M., 1977a, Quantitative histochemical mapping of candidate transmitter amino acids in the cat cochlear nucleus, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 25:417–431.
Godfrey, D. A., Williams, A. D. and Matschinsky, F. M., 1977b, Quantitative histochemical mapping of enzymes of the cholinergic system in cat cochlear nucleus, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 25:397–416.
Godfrey, D. A., Carter, J. A., Lowry, O. H. and Matschinsky, F. M., 1978, Distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, glutamate and aspartate in the cochlear nucleus of the rat, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 26:118–126.
Godfrey, D. A., Park, J. L., Rabe, J. R., Dunn, J. D. and Ross, C. D., 1983, Effects of large brain stem lesions on the cholinergic system in the rat cochlear nucleus, Hearing Res., 11:133–156.
Godfrey, D. A., Beranek, K. L., Carlson, L., Dunn, J. D. and Ross, C. D., 1985a, Centrifugal cholinergic projections to subregions of cat cochlear nucleus, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 11:1052.
Godfrey, D. A., Park, J. L., Dunn, J. D. and Ross, C. D., 1985b, Cholinergic neurotransmission in the cochlear nucleus, in: “Auditory Biochemistry”, Drescher, D. G., ed., Thomas, Springfield, 163–183.
Godfrey, D. A., Park-Hellendall, J. L., Dunn, J. D. and Ross, C. D., 1987a, Effect of olivocochlear bundle transection on choline acetyl- transferase activity in the rat cochlear nucleus, Hearing Res., 28:237–251.
Godfrey, D. A., Park-Hellendall, J. L., Dunn, J. D. and Ross, C. D., 1987b, Effects of trapezoid body and superior olive lesions on choline acetyltransferase activity in the rat cochlear nucleus, Hearing Res., 28:253–270.
Hill, D. W., Walters, F. H., Wilson, T. D. and Stuart, J. D., 1979, High performance liquid chromatographic determination of amino acids in the picomole range, Analyt. Chem., 51:1338–1341.
Kromer, L. F. and Moore, R. Y., 1980, Norepinephrine innervation of the cochlear nuclei by locus coeruleus neurons in the rat, Anat. Embryol., 158:227–244.
Liberman, M. C. and Brown, M. C., 1986, Physiology and anatomy of single olivocochlear neurons in the cat, Hearing Res., 24:17–36.
Lorente de Nó, R., 1981, “The Primary Acoustic Nuclei”, Raven, New York.
Lowry, O. H. and Passonneau, J. V., 1972, “A Flexible System of Enzymatic Analysis”, Academic, New York.
Martin, M. R., 1985, The pharmacology of amino acid receptors and synaptic transmission in the cochlear nucleus, in: “Auditory Biochemistry”, Drescher, D. G., ed., Thomas, Springfield, 184–197.
Moore, J. K. and Moore, R. Y., 1984, GAD-like immunoreactivity in the cochlear nuclei and superior olivary complex, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 10:843.
Moore, M. J. and Caspary, D. M., 1983, Strychnine blocks binaural inhibition in lateral superior olivary neurons, J. Neurosci., 3:237–242.
Mugnaini, E., 1985, GABA neurons in the superficial layers of the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus: light and electron microscopic immunocyto- chemistry, J. Comp. Neurol., 235:61–81.
Oertel, D., 1984, Cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus are insensitive to L-glutamate and L-aspartate; excitatory synaptic responses are not blocked by D-alpha-aminoadipate, Brain Res., 302:213–220.
Orkand, R. K., 1977, Glial cells, in: “Handbook of Physiology. Section 1. The Nervous System”, Brookhart, J. M. and Mountcastle, V. B., eds., Am. Physiol. Soc., Bethesda, 855–875.
Ostapoff, E. M., Morest, D. K. and Potashner, S. J., 1985, Retrograde transport of 3H-GABA from the cochlear nucleus to the superior olive in guinea pig, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 11:1051.
Parli, J. A., Schemenaur, J. E., Godfrey, D. A. and Ross, C. D., 1987, Amino acid concentrations in rat auditory, olfactory and visual structures, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 13:1288.
Patel, A. J. and Hunt, A., 1985, Concentration of free amino acids in primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes, J. Neurochem., 44:1816–1821.
Peyret, D., Geffard, M. and Aran, J.-M., 1986, GABA immunoreactivity iń the primary nuclei of the auditory central nervous system, Hearing Res., 23:115–121.
Potashner, S. J., Lindberg, N. and Morest, D. K., 1985a, Uptake and release of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the guinea pig cochlear nucleus after axotomy of cochlear and centrifugal fibers, J. Neurochem., 45:1558–1566.
Potashner, S. J., Morest, D. K., Oliver, D. L. and Jones, D. R., 1985b, Identification of glutamatergic and aspartatergic pathways in the auditory system, in:“Auditory Biochemistry”, Drescher, D. G., ed., Thomas, Springfield, 141–162.
Roberts, R. C. and Ribak, C. E., 1987, GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the brainstem auditory nuclei of the gerbil, J. Comp. Neurol., 258:267–280.
Saint Marie, L., Ostapoff, E. M. and Morest, D. K., 1986, Co-localization of H GABA and GABA-like immunoreactivity in superior olivary neurons retrogradely labeled from guinea pig cochlear nucleus, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 12:1269.
Sanes, D. H., Geary, W. A. II. and Wooten, G. F., 1985, The quantitative distribution of 3H-strychnine binding in the lateral superior olivary nucleus of the gerbil, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 11:1051.
Schwartz, I. R., 1985, Autoradiographic studies of amino acid labeling of neural elements in the auditory brainstem, in: “Auditory Biochemistry”, Drescher, D. G., ed., Thomas, Springfield, 258–277.
Schwartz, I. R. and Yu, S.-M., 1986, An anti-GABA antibody labels subpopulations of axonal terminals and neurons in the gerbil dorsal cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 12:128–137.
Staatz-Benson, C. and Potashner, S. J., 1987, Uptake and release of glycine in the guinea pig cochlear nucleus, J. Neurochem., 49:128–137.
Tachibana, M. and Kuriyama, K., 1974, Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the lower auditory pathway of the guinea pig, Brain Res., 69:370–374.
Thompson, G. C., Cortez, A. M. and Lam, D. M. K., 1985, Localization of GABA immunoreactivity in the auditory brainstem of guinea pigs., Brain Res., 339:119–122.
Warr, W. B., 1975, Olivocochlear and vestibular efferent neurons of the feline brain stem: their location, morphology and number determined by retrograde axonal transport and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, J. Comp. Neurol., 161:159–182.
Warr, W. B., 1982, Parallel ascending pathways from the cochlear nucleus: neuroanatomical evidence of functional specialization, Contrib. Sens. Physiol., 7:1–38.
Wenthold, R. J., 1978, Glutamic acid and aspartic acid in subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus after auditory nerve lesion, Brain Res., 143: 544–548.
Wenthold, R. J., 1985, Glutamate and aspartate as neurotransmitters of the auditory nerve, in: “Auditory Biochemistry”, Drescher, D. G., ed., Thomas, Springfield, 125–140.
Wenthold, R. J., 1987, Evidence for a glycinergic pathway connecting the two cochlear nuclei:an immunocytochemical and retrograde transport study, Brain Res., 415:183–187.
Wenthold, R. J. and Gulley, R. L., 1977, Aspartic acid and glutamic acid levels in the cochlear nucleus after auditory nerve lesion, Brain Res., 138:111–123.
Wenthold, R. J. and Morest, D. K., 1976, Transmitter related enzymes in the guinea pig cochlear nucleus, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 2:28.
Wenthold, R. J., Altschuler, R. A., Huie, D., Parakkal, M. H. and Reeks, K. A., 1986a, Immunocytochemical localization of glycine in the cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex of the guinea pig, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 12:1265.
Wenthold, R. J., Zemple, J. M., Parakkal, M. H., Reeks, K. A. and Altschuler, R. A., 1986b, Immunocytochemical localization of GABA in the cochlear nucleus of the guinea pig, Brain Res., 380:7–18.
Werman, R., 1966, Criteria for identification of a central nervous system transmitter, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 18:745–766.
White, J. S. and Warr, W. B., 1983, The dual origins of olivocochlear neurons in the albino rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 219:203–214.
Wu, S. H. and Oertel, D., 1986, Inhibitory circuitry in the ventral cochlear nucleus is probably mediated by glycine, J. Neurosci., 6:2691–2706.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Godfrey, D.A., Parli, J.A., Dunn, J.D., Ross, C.D. (1988). Neurotransmitter Microchemistry of the Cochlear Nucleus and Superior Olivary Complex. In: Syka, J., Masterton, R.B. (eds) Auditory Pathway. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1300-7_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1300-7_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-1302-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-1300-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive