Skip to main content

Neurotransmitter Microchemistry of the Cochlear Nucleus and Superior Olivary Complex

  • Chapter
Auditory Pathway

Abstract

The complex function of the nervous system is made possible by its underlying chemistry. One aspect of this chemistry involves the primary mechanism by which neurons communicate with each other, chemical neurotransmission. It is likely that the neurons of the auditory system are organized chemically as well as structurally and functionally. We may therefore look for populations of neurons employing particular neurotransmitters. These neuronal populations may serve specific functions in the auditory system, just as specific functions are served by cholinergic spinal motoneurons or dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, J. C., 1982, Collaterals of labyrinthine efferent axons, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 8:149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J. C. and Mugnaini, E., 1984, GAD-like immunoreactivity in the ventral cochlear nucleus, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 10:393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J. C. and Wenthold, R. J., 1987, Immunostaining of GABA-ergic and glycinergic inputs to the anteroventral cochlear nucleus, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 13:1259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altschuler, R. A., Betz, H., Parakkal, M. H., Reeks, K. A. and Wenthold, R. A., 1986, Identification of glycinergic synapses in the cochlear nucleus through immunocytochemical localization of the postsynaptic receptor, Brain Res., 369:316–320.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, B. N., Glendenning, K. K. and Hodges, P., 1986, Acoustic chiasm: distribution of glycine and GABA receptors in the brainstem auditory nuclei of cat, Abstr. 9th Midwinter Res. Mtng., ARQ:7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bledsoe, S. C. Jr., Altschuler, R. A., Wenthold, R. J. and Prasad, V., 1987, Immunocytochemical localization of glycine in the guinea pig superior olivary complex: lesion studies, Abstr. 10th Midwinter Res. Mtng., ARO:157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brawer, J. R., Morest, D. K. and Kane, E. C., 1974, The neuronal architecture of the cochlear nucleus of the cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 155:251–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cant, N. B., 1984, The fine structure of the lateral superior olivary nucleus of the cat, J. Comp. Neurol., 227:63–77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cant, N. B. and Gaston, K. C., 1982, Pathways connecting the right and left cochlear nuclei, J. Comp. Neurol., 212:313–326.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caspary, D. M., Havey, D. C. and Faingold, C. L., 1979, Effects of micro- iontophoretically applied glycine and GABA on neuronal response patterns in the cochlear nuclei, Brain Res., 172:179–185.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caspary, D. M., Rybak, L. P. and Faingold, C. L., 1985, The effects of inhibitory and excitatory amino-acid neurotransmitters on the response properties of brainstem auditory neurons, in: “Auditory Biochemistry”, Drescher, D. G., ed., Thomas, Springfield, 198–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, J. R., Bloom, F. E. and Roth, R. H., 1986, “The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology”, Oxford Univ., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowan, W. M., 1970, Anterograde and retrograde transneuronal degeneration in the central and peripheral nervous system, in: “Contemporary Research Methods in Neuroanatomy”, Nauta, W. J. H. and Ebbesson, S. O. E., eds., Springer-Verlag, New York, 217–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, W. E., 1977, GABAergic innervation of the mammalian cochlear nucleus, in: “Inner Ear Biology”, Portmann, M. and Aran, J.-M., eds., INSERM, Paris, 68:155–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, S. K. and Davies, W. E., 1976, GABA and its related enzymes in the lower auditory system of the guinea pig, J. Neurochem., 27:1145–1155.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frostholm, A. and Rotter, A., 1986, Autoradiographic localization of receptors in the cochlear nucleus of the mouse, Brain Res. Bull., 16:189–203.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, D. A. and Matschinsky, F. M., 1976, Approach to three-dimensional mapping of quantitative histochemical measurements applied to studies of the cochlear nucleus, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 24:697–712.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, D. A., Carter, J. A., Berger, S. J., Lowry, O. H. and Matschinsky, F. M., 1977a, Quantitative histochemical mapping of candidate transmitter amino acids in the cat cochlear nucleus, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 25:417–431.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, D. A., Williams, A. D. and Matschinsky, F. M., 1977b, Quantitative histochemical mapping of enzymes of the cholinergic system in cat cochlear nucleus, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 25:397–416.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, D. A., Carter, J. A., Lowry, O. H. and Matschinsky, F. M., 1978, Distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, glutamate and aspartate in the cochlear nucleus of the rat, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 26:118–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, D. A., Park, J. L., Rabe, J. R., Dunn, J. D. and Ross, C. D., 1983, Effects of large brain stem lesions on the cholinergic system in the rat cochlear nucleus, Hearing Res., 11:133–156.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, D. A., Beranek, K. L., Carlson, L., Dunn, J. D. and Ross, C. D., 1985a, Centrifugal cholinergic projections to subregions of cat cochlear nucleus, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 11:1052.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, D. A., Park, J. L., Dunn, J. D. and Ross, C. D., 1985b, Cholinergic neurotransmission in the cochlear nucleus, in: “Auditory Biochemistry”, Drescher, D. G., ed., Thomas, Springfield, 163–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, D. A., Park-Hellendall, J. L., Dunn, J. D. and Ross, C. D., 1987a, Effect of olivocochlear bundle transection on choline acetyl- transferase activity in the rat cochlear nucleus, Hearing Res., 28:237–251.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, D. A., Park-Hellendall, J. L., Dunn, J. D. and Ross, C. D., 1987b, Effects of trapezoid body and superior olive lesions on choline acetyltransferase activity in the rat cochlear nucleus, Hearing Res., 28:253–270.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, D. W., Walters, F. H., Wilson, T. D. and Stuart, J. D., 1979, High performance liquid chromatographic determination of amino acids in the picomole range, Analyt. Chem., 51:1338–1341.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kromer, L. F. and Moore, R. Y., 1980, Norepinephrine innervation of the cochlear nuclei by locus coeruleus neurons in the rat, Anat. Embryol., 158:227–244.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liberman, M. C. and Brown, M. C., 1986, Physiology and anatomy of single olivocochlear neurons in the cat, Hearing Res., 24:17–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorente de Nó, R., 1981, “The Primary Acoustic Nuclei”, Raven, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, O. H. and Passonneau, J. V., 1972, “A Flexible System of Enzymatic Analysis”, Academic, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, M. R., 1985, The pharmacology of amino acid receptors and synaptic transmission in the cochlear nucleus, in: “Auditory Biochemistry”, Drescher, D. G., ed., Thomas, Springfield, 184–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. K. and Moore, R. Y., 1984, GAD-like immunoreactivity in the cochlear nuclei and superior olivary complex, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 10:843.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, M. J. and Caspary, D. M., 1983, Strychnine blocks binaural inhibition in lateral superior olivary neurons, J. Neurosci., 3:237–242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mugnaini, E., 1985, GABA neurons in the superficial layers of the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus: light and electron microscopic immunocyto- chemistry, J. Comp. Neurol., 235:61–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oertel, D., 1984, Cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus are insensitive to L-glutamate and L-aspartate; excitatory synaptic responses are not blocked by D-alpha-aminoadipate, Brain Res., 302:213–220.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orkand, R. K., 1977, Glial cells, in: “Handbook of Physiology. Section 1. The Nervous System”, Brookhart, J. M. and Mountcastle, V. B., eds., Am. Physiol. Soc., Bethesda, 855–875.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostapoff, E. M., Morest, D. K. and Potashner, S. J., 1985, Retrograde transport of 3H-GABA from the cochlear nucleus to the superior olive in guinea pig, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 11:1051.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parli, J. A., Schemenaur, J. E., Godfrey, D. A. and Ross, C. D., 1987, Amino acid concentrations in rat auditory, olfactory and visual structures, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 13:1288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel, A. J. and Hunt, A., 1985, Concentration of free amino acids in primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes, J. Neurochem., 44:1816–1821.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peyret, D., Geffard, M. and Aran, J.-M., 1986, GABA immunoreactivity iń the primary nuclei of the auditory central nervous system, Hearing Res., 23:115–121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potashner, S. J., Lindberg, N. and Morest, D. K., 1985a, Uptake and release of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the guinea pig cochlear nucleus after axotomy of cochlear and centrifugal fibers, J. Neurochem., 45:1558–1566.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potashner, S. J., Morest, D. K., Oliver, D. L. and Jones, D. R., 1985b, Identification of glutamatergic and aspartatergic pathways in the auditory system, in:“Auditory Biochemistry”, Drescher, D. G., ed., Thomas, Springfield, 141–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R. C. and Ribak, C. E., 1987, GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the brainstem auditory nuclei of the gerbil, J. Comp. Neurol., 258:267–280.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saint Marie, L., Ostapoff, E. M. and Morest, D. K., 1986, Co-localization of H GABA and GABA-like immunoreactivity in superior olivary neurons retrogradely labeled from guinea pig cochlear nucleus, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 12:1269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanes, D. H., Geary, W. A. II. and Wooten, G. F., 1985, The quantitative distribution of 3H-strychnine binding in the lateral superior olivary nucleus of the gerbil, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 11:1051.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, I. R., 1985, Autoradiographic studies of amino acid labeling of neural elements in the auditory brainstem, in: “Auditory Biochemistry”, Drescher, D. G., ed., Thomas, Springfield, 258–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, I. R. and Yu, S.-M., 1986, An anti-GABA antibody labels subpopulations of axonal terminals and neurons in the gerbil dorsal cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 12:128–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staatz-Benson, C. and Potashner, S. J., 1987, Uptake and release of glycine in the guinea pig cochlear nucleus, J. Neurochem., 49:128–137.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tachibana, M. and Kuriyama, K., 1974, Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the lower auditory pathway of the guinea pig, Brain Res., 69:370–374.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, G. C., Cortez, A. M. and Lam, D. M. K., 1985, Localization of GABA immunoreactivity in the auditory brainstem of guinea pigs., Brain Res., 339:119–122.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warr, W. B., 1975, Olivocochlear and vestibular efferent neurons of the feline brain stem: their location, morphology and number determined by retrograde axonal transport and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, J. Comp. Neurol., 161:159–182.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warr, W. B., 1982, Parallel ascending pathways from the cochlear nucleus: neuroanatomical evidence of functional specialization, Contrib. Sens. Physiol., 7:1–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenthold, R. J., 1978, Glutamic acid and aspartic acid in subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus after auditory nerve lesion, Brain Res., 143: 544–548.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenthold, R. J., 1985, Glutamate and aspartate as neurotransmitters of the auditory nerve, in: “Auditory Biochemistry”, Drescher, D. G., ed., Thomas, Springfield, 125–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenthold, R. J., 1987, Evidence for a glycinergic pathway connecting the two cochlear nuclei:an immunocytochemical and retrograde transport study, Brain Res., 415:183–187.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenthold, R. J. and Gulley, R. L., 1977, Aspartic acid and glutamic acid levels in the cochlear nucleus after auditory nerve lesion, Brain Res., 138:111–123.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenthold, R. J. and Morest, D. K., 1976, Transmitter related enzymes in the guinea pig cochlear nucleus, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 2:28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenthold, R. J., Altschuler, R. A., Huie, D., Parakkal, M. H. and Reeks, K. A., 1986a, Immunocytochemical localization of glycine in the cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex of the guinea pig, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 12:1265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenthold, R. J., Zemple, J. M., Parakkal, M. H., Reeks, K. A. and Altschuler, R. A., 1986b, Immunocytochemical localization of GABA in the cochlear nucleus of the guinea pig, Brain Res., 380:7–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werman, R., 1966, Criteria for identification of a central nervous system transmitter, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 18:745–766.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, J. S. and Warr, W. B., 1983, The dual origins of olivocochlear neurons in the albino rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 219:203–214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, S. H. and Oertel, D., 1986, Inhibitory circuitry in the ventral cochlear nucleus is probably mediated by glycine, J. Neurosci., 6:2691–2706.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Godfrey, D.A., Parli, J.A., Dunn, J.D., Ross, C.D. (1988). Neurotransmitter Microchemistry of the Cochlear Nucleus and Superior Olivary Complex. In: Syka, J., Masterton, R.B. (eds) Auditory Pathway. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1300-7_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1300-7_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-1302-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-1300-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics