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Mediators of Immediate Hypersensitivity

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Book cover Cellular, Molecular, and Clinical Aspects of Allergic Disorders

Part of the book series: Comprehensive Immunology ((COMIMUN,volume 6))

Abstract

The clinical manifestations of allergic disorders are related to the biological effects of immunologically released mediators of immediate hypersensitivity. The physicochemical characteristics, mechanisms of generation and release, and experimentally observed pathophysiological effects of these biological activities, including interactions with other effector pathways, provide a molecular and cellular basis for understanding the allergic disorders. The mediators of immediate hypersensitivity are pharmacologically active principles that act as local messengers between a primary target cell population and populations of secondary effector cells or tissues. The primary target cells release preformed and stored mediators and participate in the generation of those mediators which are newly formed subsequent to immunological challenge. Effector cells such as eosinophils, neutrophils, platelets, T lymphocytes, and monocytes are modulated by the action of the mediators and, in turn, amplify or regulate the inflammatory host response. The granule-associated preformed mediators of immediate hypersensitivity are released from mast cells and basophils subsequent to immunological challenge by a noncytotoxic process (Hastie, 1971; Austen and Becker, 1966). The process of degranulation necessitates cell membrane changes (Lagunoff, 1973), activation of membranebound enzymes, metabolic energy, and ionic calcium flux, and is modulated by cellular levels of cyclic nucleotides and cytoskeletal binding agents; therefore, it resembles secretory processes in other cell types (Becker and Henson, 1973). This is confirmed by recent studies which have established release of mediators by granule secretion, using morphological (Lawson et al.,1977) and chemical (Yurt and Austen, 1978) criteria.

R. A. L. is the recipient of a Young Investigator Research Grant of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH (HL-21089).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada

    Philip C. Ho & Robert P. Orange

  2. Departments of Medicine, Robert B. Brigham Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02120, USA

    Robert A. Lewis & K. Frank Austen

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  1. Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York, USA

    Sudhir Gupta M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), F.A.C.P.  & Robert A. Good Ph.D., M.D.  & 

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© 1979 Plenum Publishing Corporation

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Ho, P.C., Lewis, R.A., Austen, K.F., Orange, R.P. (1979). Mediators of Immediate Hypersensitivity. In: Gupta, S., Good, R.A. (eds) Cellular, Molecular, and Clinical Aspects of Allergic Disorders. Comprehensive Immunology, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0988-8_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0988-8_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-0990-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-0988-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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