Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a recognizable pattern of altered growth and development, the etiology and pathogenesis of which remain unclear. Affected persons face life as potentially overweight, short, sexually immature, developmentally delayed individuals with poor gross motor skills. Usually at least mildly retarded, stubborn, egocentric, and emotionally labile, they rarely develop the ability to cope with their insatiable hunger and require environmental restrictions to prevent life-threatening obesity. Although individuals with PWS and their families face many of the same problems as others who are developmentally disabled, the unique characteristics of the syndrome—cognitive impairment and gross obesity due to uncontrollable hunger—require special care and services.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alexander, R., Greenswag, L., & Nowak, A. (1987). Ruminating and vomiting in Prader-Willi syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 28, 889–895.
Afifi, A.K., & Zellweger, H. (1969). Pathology of muscular hypotonia in Prader-Willi syndrome: Light and electron microscope study. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 9, 49–61.
Bolanos, F., Lopez-Amor, E., Vasquez, G., Losker, R., & Morato, T. (1974). Hypothalmic-pituitary-gonadal function in two siblings with Prader-Willi syndrome. Revista de Investigacion Clinica, 26, 53–62.
Bray, G., Dahms, W., Swerdloff, R., Fiser, R., Atkinson, R., & Carrell, R. (1983). The Prader-Willi syndrome: A study of 40 parents and a review of the literature. Medicine, 62, 59–80.
Brissenden, J.E., & Levy, E.P. (1973). Prader-Willi syndrome in infant monozygotic twins. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 126, 110–112.
Byrt, R. (1969a, September 25). A patient with suspected Prader-Willi syndrome at a mental subnormality hospital. 1. Nursing Times, 65(39), 1234–1235.
Byrt, R. (1969b, October 2). A patient with suspected Prader-Willi syndrome at a mental subnormality hospital. 2. Nursing Times, 65(40), 1260–1263.
Cassidy, S.B. (1984). Prader-Willi syndrome. Curr Probl Pediatr, 14, 1–55.
Clarren, S.K., & Smith, D.W. (1977). Prader-Willi syndrome: Variable severity and recurrence risk. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 131, 798–800.
Cohen, M.M., Hall, B.D., Smith, D.W., Graham, C.B., & Lampert, K.J. (1973). A new syndrome with hypotonia, obesity, mental deficiency, and facial, oral, ocular and limb abnormalities. The Journal of Pediatrics, 83, 280–285.
DeFraites, E.B., Thurmon, T.F., & Farhadian, H. (1975). Familial Prader-Willi syndrome. Birth Defects: Original Article Series, 11(4), 123–126.
Dunn, H.G. (1968). The Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome: Review of the literature and report of nine cases. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica Supplement, 186, 1–38.
Dunn, H.G., Tze, W.J., Alisharin, R.M., & Schulzer, M. (1981). Clinical experience with 23 cases of Prader-Willi syndrome. In V.A. Holm, S. Sulzbacher, & P.L. Pipes (Eds.), The Prader-Willi syndrome (pp. 69–88). Baltimore: University Park Press.
Endo, M., Tasaka, N., Matsuura, N., & Matsuda, I. (1976). Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome in a single family. European Journal of Pediatrics, 123(4), 269–276.
Evans, P.R. (1969). The Prader-Labhart-Willi sydrome. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 11, 380–382.
Gabilan, J.C., Royer, P. (1968). Le syndrome de Prader, Labhart, et Willi (etude de onze observations). Archives Francasises de Pediatrie, 25, 121–149.
Gorlin, R.J., Pindborg, J.J., & Cohen, M.M., Jr. (1976) Prader-Willi syndrome. In Syndromes of the head and neck (2nd ed., pp. 618–621). New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
Greenberg, F., & Ledbetter, D. (1988) Deletions of proximal 15 q without Prader-Willi syndrome (abstract). Proceedings of the Greenwood Genetics Center, 7, 238–239.
Greenswag, L.R. (1984). The adult with Prader-Willi syndrome: A descriptive investigation. Doctoral thesis, The University of Iowa. (DA 056952, University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, MI)
Greenswag, L.R. (1987) Adults with Prader-Willi syndrome: A survey of 232 cases. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 29, 145–152.
Hall, B.D., & Smith, D.W. (1972). Prader-Willi syndrome. A resume of 32 cases including an instance of affected first cousins, one of whom is of normal stature and intelligence. The Journal of Pediatrics, 81, 286–293.
Hanson, J. (1981). A view of etiology and pathogenesis of Prader-Willi syndrome. In V.A. Holm, Sulzbacher, & P.L. Pipes (Eds.), The Prader-Willi syndrome(pp. 45–53). Baltimore: University Park Press.
Hoefnagel, D., Costello, P.J., & Hatoum, K. (1967). Prader-Willi syndrome. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 11, 1–11.
Holm, V.A. (1981). The diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome. In V.A. Holm, S.J. Sulzbacher, & P.L. Pipes (Eds.), The Prader-Willi syndrome (pp. 27–44). Baltimore: University Park Press.
Holm, V.A., & Laurnen, E.L. (1981). Prader-Willi syndrome and scoliosis. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 23, 192–201.
Holm, V.A., Sulzbacher, S.J., & Pipes, P.L. (Eds). (1981). The Prader-Willi syndrome. Baltimore: University Park Press.
Ikeda, K., Asaka, A., Inouye, E., Kaihara, H., & Kinoshita, K. (1973). Monozygotic twins concordant for Prader-Willi syndrome. Japanese Journal of Human Genetics, 18, 220–225.
Jancar, J. (1971). Prader-Willi syndrome (hypotonia, obesity, hypogonadism, growth and mental retardation). Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 15, 20– 29.
Kollrack, H.W., & Wolff, D. (1966). Paranoid-halluzinatorische Psychose bei Prader-Labhart-Willi-Franconi-Syndrome. Acta Paedopsychiatrica Scandinavica, 33, 309–314.
Kriz, J.S., & Clonninger, B.J. (1981). Management of a patient with Prader-Willi syndrome by a dental-dietary team. Special Care Dentist, 1(4), 179–182.
Laurance, B.M. (1961). Hypotonia, hypogonadism and mental retardation in childhood. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 36, 690.
Ledbetter, D., Riccardi, V., Airhardt, S., Strobel, R., Kennan, B., & Crawford, J. (1981). Deletions of chromosome 15 as a cause of the Prader-Willi syndrome. Medical Intelligence, 304(6), 325–329.
Lubinsky, M., Zellweger, H., Greenswag, L., Larson, G., Hansmann, I., & Ledbetter, D. (1987). Familial Prader-Willi syndrome with normal chromosomes. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 28, 37–43.
Marshall, B.D., Jr., Wallace, C.J., Elder, J., Burke, K., Oliver, T., & Blackman, R. (1981). A behavioral approach to the treatment of Prader-Willi syndrome. In V.A. Holm, S.J. Sulzbacher, & P.L. Pipes (Eds.), The Prader-Willi syndrome (pp. 185–199). Baltimore: University Park Press.
Nugent, J.K., & Holm, V. Physical growth in Prader-Willi syndrome. In V.A. Holm, S.J. Sulzbacher, P.L. Pipes (Eds.), The Prader-Willi syndrome (pp. 269– 280). Baltimore: University Park Press.
Prader, A., Labhart, A., & Willi, H. (1956). Ein Syndrom von Adipositas, Kleinwuchs, Kryptorchismus and Oligophrenie nach myotonieartigem Zustand in Neugeborenenalter. Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift, 86, 1260.
Prader, A., Labhart, A., Willi, H., & Fanconi, G. (1956). Ein Syndrom von Adipositas, Klein wuchs, Kryptorchismus und Idiotie bei Kindern und Erwachsenen, die als Neugeborene ein myatonie-artiges Bild geboten haben. Proceedings of the VIII International Congress on Pediatrics, Copenhagen.
Prader, A., & Willi, H. (1961). Das Syndrom von Imbezillität, Adipostas, Muskelhypotonie, Hypogenitalismus, Hypogonadismus und Diabetes Mellitus mit “Myatonie”-Anamnese. In Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Mental Retardation, Vienna, Austria, 1961, Basel: S. Karger.
Prader, A., & Willi, H. (1963). Das Syndrom von Imbezillität, Adipositas, Muskelhypotonie, Hypogenitalismus, Hypogonadismus und Diabetes mellitus mit “Myatonie”—Anamnese. Second International Congress on Mental Retardation, Vienna, 1961. Basel and New York: S. Karger.
See C., (1976, January). For some children life is one endless meal. Today’s Health, pp. 15–17, 50–51.
Schwarz, R., Brunzell, J., & Bierman, E. (1979). Elevated adipose tissue lipoprotein-lipase in the pathogenesis of obesity in Prader-Willi syndrome. Clinical Research, 27(2), 137–143.
Tze, W.J., Dunn, H.G., & Rothstein, R.L. (1981). Endocrine profiles and metabolic aspects of Prader-Willi syndrome. In V.A. Holm, S.J. Sulzbacher, & P. L. Pipes (Eds.), The Prader-Willi syndrome (pp. 281–291). Baltimore: University Park Press.
Zellweger, H. (1969). The HHHO or Prader-Willi syndrome. Birth Defects: Original Article Series, 5(2), 15–17.
Zellweger, H. (1981). Diagnosis and therapy in the first phase of Prader-Willi syndrome. In V.A. Holm, S.J. Sulzbacher, & P.L. Pipes (Eds.), The Prader-Willi syndrome (pp. 55–68). Baltimore: University Park Press.
Zellweger, H. (1984). The Prader-Willi syndrome. Journal of the American Medical Association, 25(4), 18–35.
Zellweger, H., & Schneider, H.J. (1968). Syndrome of hypotonia-hypomentia-hypogonadism-obesity (HHHO) or Prader-Willi syndrome. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 115, 558–598.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 The Prader-Willi Syndrome Association
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Alexander, R.C., Hanson, J.W. (1988). Overview. In: Greenswag, L.R., Alexander, R.C. (eds) Management of Prader-Willi Syndrome. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0316-9_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0316-9_1
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-0318-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-0316-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive